Download or read book How Differing Trade Policies May Impact U S Agriculture written by Maksym Chepeliev and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two years, the United States has reversed the post-World War II trend toward the lowering of trade barriers and a commitment towards multilateral free trade. Citing a need to “level the playing field” and hold trading partners accountable to their commitments, the current Administration has moved towards a more protectionist and perhaps mercantilist position vis-à-vis trade policy. One of the Administration's first actions in this regard was the decision to leave the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, followed thereafter by raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The Administration's actions on trade are likely to have significant implications for U.S. farmers as these actions target three of the largest markets for U.S. agricultural exports - Canada, China and Mexico - accounting for some 44%, and representing an average of $63 billion, of U.S. agricultural exports 2013 to 2015. Though the yet-to-be-ratified renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), known as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA or NAFTA 2.0), consolidates the gains from the original agreement and provides some additional modest market access for U.S. agricultural exports (an estimated $454 million), U.S. farmers still are facing strong headwinds and the possibility of a significant loss of export revenues. According to these estimates, the United States' withdrawal from the TPP reduces agricultural and food exports by $1.8 billion a year ($1.4 billion, with the offsetting $454 million of USMCA export gains). Following trade liberalization between the 11 remaining TPP members, there is an increase in trade within those countries, which substitutes away from U.S.-based imports and causes a corresponding loss in U.S. export markets. However, if the United States were to rejoin the TPP, the agreement would significantly benefit U.S. farmers -- the loss of $1.4 billion would turn into a gain of $2.9 billion in additional agricultural exports. If the current U.S. trade policy were to continue towards protectionism (i.e., with the U.S. withdrawal from TPP, with the global retaliatory tariffs and if the United States were to entirely withdraw from NAFTA), U.S. agricultural exports would drop by $21.8 billion. These negative trade impacts would be reflected in lower incomes for U.S. farmers, reduced agricultural land returns and farm labor displacement. On average, such an export reduction is equivalent to $4,000 per person employed in the agricultural and food sectors. This scenario would also result in an aggregate welfare loss of $42.5 billion to the U.S. economy, or over $340 per U.S. household. What does all this mean? It suggests that U.S. agriculture is entering a volatile period in international trade. The data suggests the sector currently risks losing much of the trade gains achieved over the past three decades. The analysis predicts that if the USMCA is approved, if the trade war ends and if the United States rejoins TPP, U.S. agriculture could see not only the gains of the past decades reinforced but could also realize the potential for additional trade gains. Needless to say, the outcome strongly impacts the future of the U.S. food and agriculture sector.
Download or read book Impacts of Policy on U S Agricultural Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extract: This report examines the agricultural trade policy environment surrounding the 1985 farm legislation. The report has several central themes. First, U.S. domestic farm programs project a trade policy to other nations; that is, the trade effects of U.S. policies are not neutral. Second, the trade effects of U.S. policies differ according to the export demand situation facing the United States. Third, macroeconomic policies could have a major impact on achieving the objectives of U.S. policy established in the 1985 farm legislation.
Download or read book Local Food Systems Concepts Impacts and Issues written by Steve Martinez and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems. Defining ¿local¿ based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers¿ markets or to schools, is well recognized. Statistics suggest that local food markets account for a small, but growing, share of U.S. agricultural production. For smaller farms, direct marketing to consumers accounts for a higher percentage of their sales than for larger farms. Charts and tables.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by United Nations and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, globalization and trade openings have become increasingly contentious. This book aims to fill a gap in the market by guiding the users through the main sources of data and the most useful empirical tools for trade and trade policy analysis in an applied, real-world context. This approach builds on the comparative advantage of the authoring organizations - the WTO and UNCTAD - both of which have a strong policy focus. It quantifies trade flows and trade policies, presents the gravity models, and covers a number of simulation methodologies to predict the effects of trade and trade-related policies on trade flows, welfare and the distribution of income.
Download or read book Pricing Irrigation Water written by Yacov Tsur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As globalization links economies, the value of a country's irrigation water becomes increasingly sensitive to competitive forces in world markets. Water policy at the national and regional levels will need to accommodate these forces or water is likely to become undervalued. The inefficient use of this resource will lessen a country's comparative advantage in world markets and slow its transition to higher incomes, particularly in rural households. While professionals widely agree on what constitutes sound water resource management, they have not yet reached a consensus on the best ways of implementing policies. Policymakers have considered pricing water - a debated intervention - in many variations. Setting the price 'right,' some say, may guide different types of users in efficient water use by sending a signal about the value of this resource. Aside from efficiency, itself an important policy objective, equity, accessibility, and implementation costs associated with the right pricing must be considered. Focusing on the examples of China, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, and Turkey, Pricing Irrigation Water provides a clear methodology for studying farm-level demand for irrigation water. This book is the first to link the macroeconomics of policies affecting trade to the microeconomics of water demand for irrigation and, in the case of Morocco, to link these forces to the creation of a water user-rights market. This type of market reform, the contributors argue, will result in growing economic benefits to both rural and urban households.
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy Reforms and Global Food Security written by Kym Anderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential for policy reform as a short-term, low-cost way to sustainably enhance global food security. It argues that reforming policies that distort food prices and trade will promote the openness needed to maximize global food availability and reduce fluctuations in international food prices. Beginning with an examination of historical trends in markets and policies, Anderson assesses the prospects for further reforms, and projects how they may develop over the next fifteen years. He pays particular attention to domestic policy changes made possible by the information technology revolution, which will complement global change to deal directly with farmer and consumer concerns.
Download or read book Distortions to Agricultural Incentives written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives' series focus on distortions to agricultural incentives from a global perspective.
Download or read book Agricultural Policy in the United States written by James L. Novak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Policy in the US: Evolution and Economics traces the foundation of US agricultural policy from its colonial roots to the present, using economic concepts to analyze and interpret political and economic consequences. Ancient Roman food and agricultural reform, English Corn Law and other historic examples of agricultural policies are included to show that agricultural policy has a long history and has been found necessary for governance throughout history. Processes employed to develop US agricultural policies, the structure and function of government that develops and implements agricultural policy, and the specific evolution of policy from the early twentieth century to the Agricultural Act of 2014 are included. Specific policies in past farm bills are detailed in order to track their evolution and economic effects. This textbook includes arguments for and against common tools of US agricultural policy. This debate continues today and can be seen in a gradual change over time from taxes and tariffs to risk management. Information presented does not attempt to influence the readership towards a pro or con position but rather to present information to help the readers to understand the issues related to agricultural policy in the US.
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revenue. The struggle for Independence, 1763-1789 ; Trade policy for the new nation, 1789-1816 ; Sectional conflict and crisis, 1816-1833 ; Tariff peace and Civil War, 1833-1865 -- Restriction. The failure of tariff reform, 1865-1890 ; Protectionism entrenched, 1890-1912 ; Policy reversals and drift, 1912-1928 ; The Hawley-Smoot tariff and the Great Depression, 1928-1932 -- Reciprocity. The New Deal and reciprocal trade agreements, 1932-1943 ; Creating a multilateral trading system, 1943-1950 ; New Order and new stresses, 1950-1979 ; Trade shocks and response, 1979-1992 ; From globalization to polarization, 1992-2017 -- Conclusion
Download or read book The impacts of US agricultural and trade policy on trade liberalization and integration via a US Central American Free Trade Agreement Working Paper SITI Documento de Trabajo IECI n 4 written by Dale Hathaway and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2003 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book U S Foreign Agricultural Trade Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Agriculture and Forestry Committee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Foreign Agricultural Trade Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural Policy and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of International Trade Negotiations Affecting U S Agricultural Policy Under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethanol and U S agriculture written by Sally Kane and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture trade and environment achieving complementary policies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Times have changed. No where is that more evident than in U.S. agriculture. Increasing global integration, expanding world agricultural markets, and broadening environmental priorities both at home and abroad are defining new policy challenges for the United States. This report provides information that can help align agricultural legislation with emerging needs and trends. Current policies do not ameliorate conflicts between agriculture production and environmental quality, between trade and the environment, and between agriculture and competitive trade.
