Download or read book How CBO Estimates the Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Robert Shackleton and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its mandate to provide the Congress with the objective, timely, and nonpartisan analysis needed to make informed economic and budgetary decisions, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepares cost estimates for legislation under consideration by the Congress. In recent years, a number of legislative proposals have involved efforts to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases in the U.S. To estimate the budgetary impact of such proposals, CBO must first estimate the incremental costs to firms and households of mitigating greenhouse gases. This report briefly describes the methodology that CBO uses to estimate those incremental costs, the data sources and models used to develop that methodology, and the rationale for using it.
Download or read book How CBO Estimates the Costs of Reducing Greenhouse gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Robert Shackleton and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities around the world are producing increasingly large quantities of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels and deforestation. A comprehensive response to that problem would include a collection of strategies: research to better understand the scientific processes at work and to develop technologies to address them; measures to help the economy and society adapt to the projected warming and other expected changes; and efforts to reduce emissions. This report discusses the economic costs of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions in the U.S., describing the main determinants of costs, how analysts estimate those costs, and the magnitude of estimated costs. Illustrations.
Download or read book Economic Effects of Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses one option for reducing emissions in a cost-effective manner: to establish a carefully designed cap-and-trade program. Under such a program, the government would set gradually tightening limits on emissions, issue rights (or allowances) consistent with those limits, and then let firms trade the allowances among themselves. Such a cap-and-trade program would lead to higher prices for energy from fossil fuels and for energy-intensive goods, which would in turn provide incentives for households and businesses to use less carbon-based energy and to develop energy sources that emit smaller amounts of CO2. Charts and tables.
Download or read book Use of Agricultural Offsets to Reduce Greenhouse Gases written by Joseph Kile and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the use of agricultural offsets as part of a cap-and-trade program for reducing greenhouse gases. H.R. 2454 would set an annual limit, or cap, on greenhouse-gas emissions for each year between 2012 and 2050 and would distribute ¿allowances,¿ or rights to produce those emissions. After the allowances were distributed, regulated entities -- those that generate elec. or refine petroleum products, for ex. -- would be free to trade them, so entities that could reduce their emissions at lower costs would sell allowances to others facing higher costs. The difficulty of verifying offsets raises concerns about whether the overall limit would actually be met. Such concerns are acute when offsets include actions taken outside the U.S. Illus.
Download or read book Policy Options for Reducing CO2 Emissions written by Terry Dinan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distribution of Revenues from a Cap and Trade Program for CO2 Emissions written by Douglas W. Elmendorf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Testimony on the distribution of revenues that could be generated by a cap-and-trade program for reducing U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide. The potential cost of reducing the effect of climate change may be significant because it would entail substantial reductions in global emissions over the coming decades. One option for reducing emissions in a cost-effective manner is to establish a carefully designed cap-and-trade program. Under such a program, the government would set gradually tightening limits on emissions, issue rights (or allowances) consistent with those limits, and then let firms trade the allowances among themselves. Charts and tables.
Download or read book A CBO STUDY The Economic Costs of Fuel Economy Standards Versus a Gasoline Tax written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some Members of Congress and public interest groups have recently proposed raising the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for automobiles. Proponents of CAFE standards see them as a way to decrease the United States' dependence on oil and its emissions of carbon dioxide (the predominant greenhouse gas). In this study, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates the costs that raising CAFE standards would impose on automobile producers and consumers. This study also extends previous research by examining the potential cost savings from instituting a system in which producers could trade "fuel economy credits." Under that system, producers with high costs of complying with CAFE standards could meet the new standards by applying credits bought from producers that exceeded the standards. CBO also compares the costs of CAFE standards with those of a higher gasoline tax, an alternative policy for reducing gasoline consumption. Finally, CBO examines the available evidence on whether changing CAFE standards or the gasoline tax could improve social welfare, a general measure of society's well-being that includes not only the value derived from the goods and services that people consume but also factors that diminish the quality of life, such as pollution and traffic congestion.
Download or read book The Cost of Climate Policy written by Mark Jaccard and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a major environmental challenge facing the world. We all want to reduce the risks of global warming, but how much will this cost? What will it mean on a personal, business, or community level? And what policy responses should we expect from our governments? The Cost of Climate Policy sheds light on these pressing issues. The authors look at the challenges of estimating the costs of greenhouse gas emission reduction to help readers understand how different definitions of costs and different assumptions about technological and economic evolution affect the estimates that are so hotly debated today. Using Canada as their focal point, the authors look specifically at the impact of emission reduction policies on energy prices, technology options, and lifestyle choices. The book concludes with concrete proposals for overcoming the constraints of environmental policy making and the high initial costs of action. Policy makers need to know as much as possible about the costs of taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As indispensable as this book will be to policy analysts, it is also an important primer for a wider range of readers interested in the economic implications of climate change.
Download or read book Sense of the Congress Regarding Management of Forests to Reduce Greenhouse Gases written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Tax written by Jonathan L. Ramseur and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal budget deficit has exceeded $1 trillion annually in each fiscal year since 2009, and deficits are projected to continue. Over time, unsustainable deficits can lead to reduced savings for investment, higher interest rates, and higher levels of inflation. Restoring fiscal balance would require spending reductions, revenue increases, or some combination of the two. Policymakers have considered a number of options for raising additional federal revenues, including a carbon tax. A carbon tax could apply directly to carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, or to the inputs (e.g., fossil fuels) that lead to the emissions. Unlike a tax on the energy content of each fuel (e.g., Btu tax), a carbon tax would vary with a fuel's carbon content, as there is a direct correlation between a fuel's carbon content and its CO2 emissions. Carbon taxes have been proposed for many years by economists and some Members of Congress, including in the 112th Congress. If Congress were to establish a carbon tax, policymakers would face several implementation decisions, including the point and rate of taxation. Although the point of taxation does not necessarily reveal who bears the cost of the tax, this decision involves trade-offs, such as comprehensiveness versus administrative complexity. Several economic approaches could inform the debate over the tax rate. Congress could set a tax rate designed to accrue a specific amount of revenues. Some would recommend setting the tax rate based on estimated benefits associated with avoiding climate change impacts. Alternatively, Congress could set a tax rate based on the carbon prices estimated to meet a specific GHG emissions target. Carbon tax revenues would vary greatly depending on the design features of the tax, as well as market factors that are difficult to predict. One study estimated that a tax rate of $20 per metric ton of CO2 would generate approximately $88 billion in 2012, rising to $144 billion by 2020. The impact such an amount would have on budget deficits depends on which budget deficit projection is used. For example, this estimated revenue source would reduce the 10-year budget deficit by 50%, using the 2012 baseline projection of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). However, under CBO's alternative fiscal scenario, the same carbon tax would reduce the 10-year budget deficit by about 12%. When deciding how to allocate revenues, policymakers would encounter key trade-offs: minimizing the costs of the carbon tax to “society” overall versus alleviating the costs borne by subgroups in the U.S. population or specific domestic industries. Economic studies indicate that using carbon tax revenues to offset reductions in existing taxes—labor, income, and investment—could yield the greatest benefit to the economy overall. However, the approaches that yield the largest overall benefit often impose disproportionate costs on lower-income households. In addition, carbon-intensive, trade-exposed industries may face a disproportionate impact within a unilateral carbon tax system. Policymakers could alleviate this burden through carbon tax revenue distribution or through a border adjustment mechanism. Both approaches may entail trade concerns.
Download or read book Using Biofuel Tax Credits to Achieve Energy and Environmental Policy Goals written by Ron Gecan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In fiscal year 2009, the biofuel tax credits reduced federal excise tax collections by about $6 billion below what they would have been if the credits had not been in effect. This CBO study assesses the credits' contributions to achieving energy and environmental goals in the light of those forgone revenues; it does not consider any impact on farm incomes or the agriculural sector more broadly. The analysis focuses specifically on the differential effects of the various credits in achieving two objectives: displacing the use of petroleum fuel and reducing greenhouse gas emissions."--Taken from summary.
Download or read book Managing Allowance Prices in a Cap and trade Program written by Terry Dinan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists generally conclude that rising concentrations of greenhouse gases are warming the Earth's climate. Concern about the damage that might result has led policymakers and analysts to consider policies designed to restrict emissions of those gases. One type of policy, a cap-and-trade program, could minimize the cost of achieving a limit, or cap, on emissions by allowing market forces to determine where, how, and to some extent when the cuts in emissions necessary to achieve the cap would be made. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study--prepared at the request of the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources--examines the potential effects of features that would help manage allowance prices, and thus the cost of complying with a cap-and-trade program, by altering the number of allowances available to firms at various prices--Preface.
Download or read book The Economics of Climate Change written by Robert Shackleton and published by Congressional Budget Office. This book was released on 2003 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study--prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the House Committee on Science--presents an overview of issues related to climate change, focusing primarily on its economic aspects. The study draws from numerous published sources to summarize the current state of climate science and provide a conceptual framework for addressing climate change as an economic problem. It also examines public policy options and discusses the potential complications and benefits of international coordination. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations.
Download or read book Climate Change Legislation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Options to Prevent Climate Change written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Role of Prices and R D in Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
