Download or read book How a Change in Brazil s Suger Policies Would Affect the World Suger Market written by Brent Borrell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By changing its policy, Brazil could increase its sugar exports greatly. The world price would decline, but Brazil's sugar revenues would increase.
Download or read book Brazil s Sugarcane Sector written by Brent Borrell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brazil sugar and ethanol story is as follows: direct government intervention overrides market forces, markets undergo dramatic change, intervention establishes vested interests, rent-seeking blocks adjusment to market change, economic objectives become blurred behind political objectives, opportunities go begging, industry profitability suffers, and national income is foregone. A simple economic model of the Brazilian sugarcane sector and policy, interventions is used to measure the costs of existing policies and to develop better policies. Bazil is an efficient producer of sugar, but policy intervention causes: underproduction of sugarcane, the wrong mix of sugar and ethanol from cane (too much ethanol, not enough sugar), missed opportunities to market ethanol in high value uses (as an octane enhancer and clean fuel), and missed opportunities to make the work sugar market more competitive. Adopting more market based policies could be worth billions of dollars extra to Brazil annually.
Download or read book Sugar Prices Labor Income and Poverty in Brazil written by Ekaterina Krivonos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper assesses the impact that a potential liberalization of sugar regimes in OECD countries could have on household labor income and poverty in Brazil. The authors first estimate the extent of price transmission from world markets to 11 Brazilian states to capture the fact that some local markets may be relatively more isolated from changes in world prices. They then simultaneously estimate the impact that changes in domestic sugar prices have on regional wages and employment depending on worker characteristics. Finally, they measure the impact on household income of a 10 percent increase in world sugar prices. Results suggest that workers in the sugar sector and in sugar-producing regions have better employment opportunities and experience larger wage increases. More interestingly, households at the top of the income distribution experience larger income gains due to higher wages, whereas households at the bottom of the distribution experience larger income gains due to movements out of unemployment. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book OECD FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018 2027 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourteenth joint edition of the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook provides market projections for major agricultural commodities, biofuels and fish, as well as a special feature on the prospects and challenges of agriculture and fisheries in the Middle East and North Africa.
Download or read book Tropical Babylons written by Stuart B. Schwartz and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that sugar, plantations, slavery, and capitalism were all present at the birth of the Atlantic world has long dominated scholarly thinking. In nine original essays by a multinational group of top scholars, Tropical Babylons re-evaluates this so-called "sugar revolution." The most comprehensive comparative study to date of early Atlantic sugar economies, this collection presents a revisionist examination of the origins of society and economy in the Atlantic world. Focusing on areas colonized by Spain and Portugal (before the emergence of the Caribbean sugar colonies of England, France, and Holland), these essays show that despite reliance on common knowledge and technology, there were considerable variations in the way sugar was produced. With studies of Iberia, Madeira and the Canary Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Brazil, and Barbados, this volume demonstrates the similarities and differences between the plantation colonies, questions the very idea of a sugar revolution, and shows how the specific conditions in each colony influenced the way sugar was produced and the impact of that crop on the formation of "tropical Babylons--multiracial societies of great oppression. Contributors: Alejandro de la Fuente, University of Pittsburgh Herbert Klein, Columbia University John J. McCusker, Trinity University Russell R. Menard, University of Minnesota William D. Phillips Jr., University of Minnesota Genaro Rodriguez Morel, Seville, Spain Stuart B. Schwartz, Yale University Eddy Stols, Leuven University, Belgium Alberto Vieira, Centro de Estudos Atlanticos, Madeira
Download or read book Trade Policies and Incentives in Indian Agriculture written by Garry Pursell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the methodology for a series of background papers that measure incentives in India's agriculture. The first study on sugarcane and sugar shows that the domestic market has been isolated from world markets by extensive controls, but between 1965 and 1995 there was a significant downward trend in the ratio of domestic to international sugar prices. This paper is the first in a series of studies to provide background data and protection and incentive indicators for 13 major Indian crops, which have been estimated in connection with extensive research on Indian agricultural incentives. The general methodology of the studies is described in the first section of the paper. The second section of the paper focuses on sugarcane and sugar. It shows that between 1965 and 1994 real domestic prices of sugar and cane were quite stable in India, declining an average of 0.6 percent (sugar) and 0.3 percent (cane) a year. During the same 29 years the free market price of sugar fluctuated widely (expressed in Indian rupees) but in real terms increased about 1.3 percent a year. This contrast in trends reflects the real devaluation of the rupee after 1986 but meant that by the early 1990s, at world sugar prices of US 13-15 cents a pound or higher, India's domestic prices were roughly equivalent to, or below, world reference prices. Because of the fluctuations in world free market prices, nominal protection of sugar and sugarcane production in India-as measured by differences between domestic prices and border reference prices-also fluctuated. Nominal protection was: * High during low world prices in the 1960s and the mid-1980s. * Negative when world prices were high in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. * Moderate to low by previous standards between 1989 and 1994. Incentives for cane production did not change much when allowance is made for the nominal protection of tradable inputs (principally fertilizers) or subsidies for the principal nontradable imports (canal irrigation, credit, and electricity for pumpsets). Incentives for cane production were somewhat higher in Uttar Pradesh than in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Half of Indian cane production is used by artisanal producers of gur and small-scale de facto unregulated producers of khandsari sugar. Because of India's complex regulatory system-especially in the important sugar-producing state, Uttar Pradesh-incentives are significantly higher for unregulated activities than for the modern sugar mill sector. Regulations subject sugar mills to controls that require them to: * Sell specific quantities of their sugar production at low levy prices. * Sell molasses production at a fraction (0.1 or less) of open market and border prices. * Pay minimum prices (for specific quantities of cane) at above-free-market prices, except in years of cane shortages. This paper is a product of Trade, Development Research Group. Garry Pursell may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Latin America s Big Three Sugar Producers in Transition written by Peter J. Buzzanell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sugar Policy Reform in the European Union and in World Sugar Markets written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-11-27 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an overview of world and European sugar markets and how they have evolved and using an economic model, analyzes the impact that liberalisation of markets might have.
Download or read book Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities written by Maria Backhouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the meanings, agendas, as well as the local and global implications of bioeconomy and bioenergy policies in and across South America, Asia and Europe. It explores how a transition away from a fossil and towards a bio-based economic order alters, reinforces and challenges socio-ecological inequalities. The volume presents a historically informed and empirically rich discussion of bioeconomy developments with a particular focus on bio-based energy. A series of conceptual discussions and case studies with a multidisciplinary background in the social sciences illuminate how the deployment of biomass sources from the agricultural and forestry sectors affect societal changes concerning knowledge production, land and labour relations, political participation and international trade. How can a global perspective on socio-ecological inequalities contribute to a complex and critical understanding of bioeconomy? Who participates in the negotiation of specific bioeconomy policies and who does not? Who determines the agenda? To what extent does the bioeconomy affect existing socio-ecological inequalities in rural areas? What are the implications of the bioeconomy for existing relations of extraction and inequalities across regions? The volume is an invitation to reflect upon these questions and more, at a time when the need for an ecological and socially just transition away from a carbon intensive economy is becoming increasingly pressing.
Download or read book Agriculture Information Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Research Working Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amber Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Policy with Fixed Nominal Exchange Rates written by Christophe Chamley and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: C^ote d'Ivoire's increase in debt in the 1980s (from 30 percent of GDP to 100 percent) did little for new investment, because the investment-GDP ratio barely compensated for inflation. The country's fiscal stance hurt the real exchange rate and international competitiveness.
Download or read book Reflections on Credit Policy in Developing Contries written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interest Rate Policy in Egupt Its Role in Stabilization and Adjustment written by Mansoor Dailami and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising interest rates is clearly essential to the success of any stabilization and adjustment programs that Egypt undertakes. But to reduce the risks of higher interest rates to its distorted economy, and to increase the benefits, increases in interest rates need to be accompanied by other adjustment measures.
Download or read book Who Paid the Bill written by M. Louise Fox and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By choosing an expansionary fiscal path, Brazil traded growth in the middle years of the decade for inflation and a larger debt three years later. Fox and Morley look at the impact of that trade- off on poverty alleviation in Brazil, where in 1987 roughly 45 million people lived in households below the poverty line.
Download or read book The Agricultural Development of Brazil written by George Edward Schuh and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1970 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the total economy; Population, migration, and the labor market; Agriculture's role in the economy; Structure and characteristics of Brazilian agriculture; The educational and research infrastructure for agriculture; Oher aspects of the infrastructure and support for agriculture; Markets and the supply industries.
