Download or read book Household Child Care Choices and Women s Work Behavior in Russia written by Michael Lokshin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replacing family allowances with childcare subsidies in Russia might have a strong positive effect on women's participation in the labor force and thus could be effective in reducing poverty.
Download or read book Household Child Care Choices and Women s Work Behavior in Russia written by Michael Lokshin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replacing family allowances with childcare subsidies in Russia might have a strong positive effect on women's participation in the labor force and thus could be effective in reducing poverty.
Download or read book Household Childcare Choices and Women s Work Behavior in Russia written by Michael Lokshin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Replacing family allowances with childcare subsidies in Russia might have a strong positive effect on women's participation in the labor force and thus could be effective in reducing poverty.Lokshin models mothers' participation in the labor force, their working hours, and household demand for childcare in Russia. The model estimates the effects of the price of childcare, mothers' wages, and household income on household behavior and well-being.The theoretical model yields several predictions. To test these, reduced-form equations of the discrete and continuous household choices are estimated jointly using the method of semi-parametric full information maximum likelihood. This method controls for the correlation of error terms across outcomes, and the correlation of error terms that can result when panel data are used.The results of this analysis indicate that the extent to which mothers participate in the labor force, and for how many hours, depends on the costs of childcare and on what level of hourly wage is available to them and to other members of the household.Lokshin's simulations show that family allowances - intended to reduce poverty - do not significantly affect the household choice of childcare arrangements.Replacing family allowances with childcare subsidies might have a strong positive effect on women's participation in the labor force and thus could be effective in reducing poverty.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of gender in the context of the household, institutions, and society. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Household Childcare Choices and Women s Work Behavoir in Russia written by Michael M. Lokshin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Who Avoids and who Escapes from Poverty During the Transition written by W?odzimierz Okrasa and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a tendency toward chronic, long-term poverty in Poland. Most at risk: larger households, farm households, and households dependent on social welfare. Least at risk: households of employees or the self-employed, educated households, households headed by pensioners, households that are part of kinship networks, and households with liquid assets, durables, or access to financial resources. Among those who missed out on the benefits of the first phase of economic prosperity, children are overrepresented.
Download or read book Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it.
Download or read book Corruption and Trade Tariffs Or a Case for Uniform Tariffs written by Roberta Gatti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly diversified trade tariff menu may fuel bribe-taking behavior. Setting trade tariff rates at a uniform level limits public officials' ability to extract bribes from importers.
Download or read book The Effect of the United States Granting Most Favored Nation Status to Vietnam written by Emiko Fukase and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the United States grants Vietnam most favored nation status, both countries would benefit. Vietnamese exports to the United States would more than double, and Vietnam would gain substantial welfare benefits from improved market access and increased availability of imports. For the United States, lowering the current high tariff against Vietnam would improve welfare by reducing costly diversion away from Vietnamese products.
Download or read book Border Border Wide and Far how We Wonder what You are written by David C. Parsley and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crossing national borders, adds significantly to price dispersion. This study of prices in Japan and the United States finds that a susbstantial part of that border effect is attributable to distance, shipping costs, exchange rates, and relative variability in wages.
Download or read book The Slippery Slope written by Francisco H. G. Ferreira and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the turbulent years 1976-96, aggregate data for Brazil appear to show only small changes in mean income, inequality, and incidence of poverty -- suggesting little change in the distribution of income. But a small group of urban households -- excluded from formal labor markets and safety nets -- was trapped in indigence. Based on welfare measured in terms of income alone, the poorest part of urban Brazil has experienced two lost decades.
Download or read book Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a financially integrated world, it is misleading to assess fiscal performance separate from other aspects of economic development. The framework proposed here can help assess fiscal performance over time and across countries and point to a pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with a country's economic and social objectives.
Download or read book Is African Manufacturing Skill constrained written by Howard Pack and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued efforts to develop high-level industrial skills in Sub-Saharan African countries may be wasteful without a more competitive environment in the industrial sector. But lack of such skills may limit the benefits to the industrial sector from future liberalization. As a result, the supply response to improved incentives may be weak.
Download or read book Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization.
Download or read book Jamaica s Food Stamp Program written by Kene Ezemenari and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without the food stamp program, the poverty gap in Jamaica would have been much worse during the early 1990s, when the Jamaican dollar was being devalued. Households with elderly members and young children benefited most from the program.
Download or read book Competition Policy Developing Countries and the WTO written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries have a great interest in pursuing active domestic competition policy but should do so independent of the World Trade Organization -- which they should use to improve market access through further reduction in direct barriers to trade in goods and services.
Download or read book Social Protection for Equity and Growth written by Nora Lustig and published by IDB. This book was released on 2000 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These groups often live near the subsistence level and lack the economic or political power to push for policies that can respond to their needs during times of crisis."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-17 with total page 6964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of education has experienced extraordinary technological, societal, and institutional change in recent years, making it one of the most fascinating yet complex fields of study in social science. Unequalled in its combination of authoritative scholarship and comprehensive coverage, International Encyclopedia of Education, Third Edition succeeds two highly successful previous editions (1985, 1994) in aiming to encapsulate research in this vibrant field for the twenty-first century reader. Under development for five years, this work encompasses over 1,000 articles across 24 individual areas of coverage, and is expected to become the dominant resource in the field. Education is a multidisciplinary and international field drawing on a wide range of social sciences and humanities disciplines, and this new edition comprehensively matches this diversity. The diverse background and multidisciplinary subject coverage of the Editorial Board ensure a balanced and objective academic framework, with 1,500 contributors representing over 100 countries, capturing a complete portrait of this evolving field. A totally new work, revamped with a wholly new editorial board, structure and brand-new list of meta-sections and articles Developed by an international panel of editors and authors drawn from senior academia Web-enhanced with supplementary multimedia audio and video files, hotlinked to relevant references and sources for further study Incorporates ca. 1,350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as technology and learning, demography and social change, globalization, and adult learning, to name a few Offers two content delivery options - print and online - the latter of which provides anytime, anywhere access for multiple users and superior search functionality via ScienceDirect, as well as multimedia content, including audio and video files
