Download or read book House of Representatives Apportionment Formula written by Royce Crocker and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Contents: (1) The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula: An Analysis of Proposals for Change and Their Impact on States: Introduction; Background; Apportionment Methods Defined: Hamilton-Vinton: Ranking Fractional Remainders; Rounding Methods; Changing the Formula: The Impact in 2011; (2) A Framework for Evaluating Apportionment Methods: Alternative Kinds of Tests; Fairness and Quota: Quota Representation; Fair Share; Implementing the ¿Great Compromise¿; (3) Summary and Overview. Figures and tables.
Download or read book The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula written by David C. Huckabee and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the methods and formulas used to reapportion seats in the House of Representatives following a Census. Although modern Congresses have rarely considered the issue of the formula used in the calculations, this report describes apportionment options from which Congress could choose and the criteria that each method satisfies.
Download or read book The U S House of Representatives Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The U S House of Representatives Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The House Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Constitution requires that states be represented in the House in accord with their population. It also requires that each state have at least one Representative, and that there be no more than one Representative for every 30,000 persons. Apportioning seats in the House of Representatives among the states in proportion to state population as required by the Constitution appears on the surface to be a simple task. In fact, however, the Constitution presented Congress with issues that provoked extended and recurring debate. How may Representatives should the House comprise? How populous should congressional districts be? What is to be done with the practically inevitable fractional entitlement to a House seat that results when the calculations of proportionality are made? How is fairness of apportionment to be best preserved? Over the years since the ratification of the Constitution the number of Representatives has varied, but in 1941 Congress resolved the issue by fixing the size of the House at 435 Members. How to apportion those 435 seats, however, continued to be an issue because of disagreement over how to handle fractional entitlements to a House seat in a way that both met constitutional and statutory requirements and minimized unfairness. The intuitive method of apportionment is to divide the United States population by 435 to obtain an average number of persons represented by a Member of the House. This is sometimes called the ideal size congressional district. Then a state's population is divided by the ideal size to determine the number of Representatives to be allocated to that state. The quotient will be a whole number plus a remainder - say 14.489326. What is Congress to do with the 0.489326 fractional entitlement? Does the state get 14 or 15 seats in the House? Does one discard the fractional entitlement? Does one round up at the arithmetic mean of the two whole numbers? At the geometric mean? At the harmonic mean? Congress has used or at least considered several methods over the years - e.g., Jefferson's discarded fractions method, Webster's major fractions method, the equal proportions method, smallest divisors method, greatest divisors, the Vinton method, and the Hamilton-Vinton method. The methodological issues have been problematic for Congress because of the unfamiliarity and difficulty of some of the mathematical concepts used in the process. Every method Congress has used or considered has its advantages and disadvantages, and none has been exempt from criticism. Under current law, however, seats are apportioned using the equal proportions method, which is not without its critics. Some charge that the equal proportions method is biased toward small states. They urge that either the major fractions or the Hamilton-Vinton method be adopted by Congress as an alternative. A strong case can be made for either equal proportions or major fractions. Deciding between them is a policy matter based on whether minimizing the differences in district sizes in absolute terms (through major fractions) or proportional terms (through equal proportions) is most preferred by Congress.
Download or read book Apportionment of Representatives in Congress written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Census and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apportionment of Representives in Congress Amongst Yhe Several States Hearing of 69 2 written by United States. Congress. House Census Committee and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations on the Bill for the Apportionment of the Representation in Congress Made in the Senate of the United States March 12 1832 written by Mahlon DICKERSON and published by . This book was released on 1832 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Congressional Apportionment written by Laurence Frederick Schmeckebier and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The House Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice written by David C. Huckabee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report has four major purposes: to summarize the constitutional and statutory requirements governing apportionment; to explain how the current apportionment formula works in theory and in practice; to summarize recent challenges to it on grounds of unfairness; and to explain the reasoning underlying the choice of the equal proportions method over its chief alternative, major fractions.
Download or read book The Public Mapping Project written by Michael P. McDonald and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Laurence and Lynne Brown Democracy Medal is an initiative of the McCourtney Institute for Democracy at Pennsylvania State University. It annually recognizes outstanding individuals, groups, and organizations that produce exceptional innovations to further democracy in the United States or around the world. Micah Altman and Michael P. McDonald unveil the Public Mapping Project, which developed DistrictBuilder, an open-source software redistricting application designed to give the public transparent, accessible, and easy-to-use online mapping tools. As they show, the goal is for all citizens to have access to the same information that legislators use when drawing congressional maps—and use that data to create maps of their own. Thanks to generous funding from The Pennsylvania State University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
Download or read book The House Apportionment Formula written by David C. Huckabee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fair Representation written by Michel L. Balinski and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of fair representation will take center stage as U.S. congressional districts are reapportioned based on the 2000 Census. Using U.S. history as a guide, the authors develop a theory of fair representation that establishes various principles for translating state populations—or vote totals of parties—into a fair allocation of congressional seats. They conclude that the current apportionment formula cheats the larger states in favor of the smaller, contrary to the intentions of the founding fathers and compromising the Supreme Court's "one man, one vote" rulings. Balinski and Young interweave the theoretical development with a rich historical account of controversies over representation, and show how many of these principles grew out of political contests in the course of United States history. The result is a work that is at once history, politics, and popular science. The book—updated with data from the 1980 and 1990 Census counts—vividly demonstrates that apportionment deals with the very substance of political power.
Download or read book Math in Society written by David Lippman and published by . This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Math in Society is a survey of contemporary mathematical topics, appropriate for a college-level topics course for liberal arts major, or as a general quantitative reasoning course.This book is an open textbook; it can be read free online at http://www.opentextbookstore.com/mathinsociety/. Editable versions of the chapters are available as well.
Download or read book Modernizing the U S Census written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. census, conducted every 10 years since 1790, faces dramatic new challenges as the country begins its third century. Critics of the 1990 census cited problems of increasingly high costs, continued racial differences in counting the population, and declining public confidence. This volume provides a major review of the traditional U.S. census. Starting from the most basic questions of how data are used and whether they are needed, the volume examines the data that future censuses should provide. It evaluates several radical proposals that have been made for changing the census, as well as other proposals for redesigning the year 2000 census. The book also considers in detail the much-criticized long form, the role of race and ethnic data, and the need for and ways to obtain small-area data between censuses.
