Download or read book Host Plant Resistance Genes to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat written by Anju Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat I Evaluation of Host Plant Resistance and Fungicides II Molecular Markers Associated with QTL for Resistance written by Nathan H. Karplus and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has become an increasingly important disease over the past 25 years. Significant grain and quality reductions due to FHB can be observed when there is a favorable environment for disease development. Fusarium graminearum, the primary fungal pathogen that causes FHB in the U.S. produces deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin that can cause serious health problems for both humans and livestock when consumed in FHB infected grain. While cultural practices and fungicide treatments can suppress FHB, the use of resistant cultivars is also an essential tool for control of FHB. Breeding for resistance to FHB has become a very large part of wheat and barley breeding programs in temperate climates. Various sources of resistance have been used to develop new cultivars that have high levels of resistance. The primary objective of this study was to combine multiple sources of resistance using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from three FHB-resistant University of Illinois breeding lines (IL96-6472, IL97-6755 and IL97-1828) to obtain transgressive segregants that are significantly better than the three parents. The RIL population, consisting of 266 lines, was evaluated for FHB resistance in the greenhouse and in a mist irrigated, inoculated disease nursery. Forty-three simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 250 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) polymorphic markers were used to create a linkage map using Joinmap 3.0. PlabQTL was used for composite interval mapping and detection of significant QTL. QTL were found for all measured traits except for mean severity in the 2009 greenhouse evaluation. QTL on the short arm of chromosome 3B were identified for all measured traits and accounted for 4.2% to 18.8% of the phenotypic variation, depending on the trait. We believe that these markers are associated with Fhb1 or QTL tightly linked to Fhb1. Minor QTL were also found on chromosomes 7B, 1A, 5D, 6B and 6A and explained a smaller amount of phenotypic variation (between 2.5% and 8.7%). A total of 13 transgressive segregants were found that were significantly better than the mean of the three FHB-resistant parents for more than one trait. These thirteen lines were found to carry many of the resistance alleles associated with the QTL found in the study. Although the population was derived from three FHB-resistant parents, and there were likely QTL that were not detected due to a lack of polymorphism, we believe that multiple genes for resistance were combined in the transgressive segregants observed in the RIL. The second study examined the performance of FHB-resistant and susceptible cultivars with three fungicide treatments. Until recently, there were few fungicides labeled for suppression of FHB. Numerous studies have shown that fungicides containing the active ingredient tebuconazole are very effective in reducing losses caused by FHB. While fungicides can be a useful tool for FHB suppression, they do not provide complete control, and their efficacy is greatly affected by timing. Planting cultivars that are resistant to FHB infection provides farmers with continual protection against the disease. The experiment was grown as a split plot with fungicide treatment (No Fungicide, Prosaro® (tebuconazole+prothioconazole) and Folicur® (tebuconazole) as the main plot and cultivar (6 susceptible and 6 resistant) as the sub-plots. Based on the results of this experiment, it is apparent that resistant cultivars are a necessity to provide the best control of FHB. Under the extremely heavy disease pressure of our FHB nursery, fungicides did not provide sufficient control of FHB on susceptible cultivars. Not surprisingly, we found the best method for controlling FHB is to plant a resistant cultivar in addition to applying a fungicide; however, we were interested to see how resistant cultivars alone would perform when compared to susceptible cultivars treated with a fungicide. Resistant cultivars performed impressively, and it was apparent that resistant cultivars are an essential first step of an effective program for controlling FHB. Resistant cultivars without fungicides were able to yield well and provide excellent net economic returns that were not significantly different than resistant cultivars that were treated with a fungicide. This would suggest that under low to moderate disease pressure there no need for fungicide application for FHB control. This experiment illustrated that resistant cultivars provide sufficient protection from FHB; however, to achieve high quality grain with low levels of FDK and DON, fungicide application may be needed in years when there is a high risk of severe disease pressure.

Download or read book Breeding for resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat in the mid to lower Yangtze River Valley of China written by Yang Zhuping and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1994 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disease Resistance in Wheat written by Indu Sharma and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disease resistance is one of the major factors that can be improved to sustain yield potential in cultivated crops. This book looks at disease resistance in wheat, concentrating on all the economically important diseases -- their economic impact and geographical spread, breeding for resistance, pathogen variability, resistance mechanisms and recent advances made on resistance genes. Newer strategies for identifying resistance genes and identify resistance mechanisms are discussed, including cloning, gene transfer and the use of genetically modified plants.

Download or read book Mitigation of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Caused by Fusarium Graminearum Through the Use of Host Resistance Genes and Biological Controls written by Gabrielle Nowakowski and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungal pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, is a primary causal agent of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease Fusarium head blight in North America. Heavy infection from this pathogen leads to economic losses due to a decrease in the quality and quantity of grain. Infection by F. graminearum also leads to accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that produces harmful side effects to both humans and animals when ingested. Development of resistant wheat cultivars is needed to maintain a sustainable, safe, food supply. In this study, a double haploid population derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, Flourish and Emerson, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB symptoms and DON accumulation in the grain. So far, there are no fully resistant cultivars of wheat to protect against FHB infection. Therefore, alternative methods need to be considered. A newly developed bio-fungicide containing a fungal antagonist to F. graminearum, Clonostachys rosea, was studied and compared to the commercially available fungicide, Caramba® (active ingredient, metconazole). These QTL were present on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 4D, 6D and 7A. Results from this study showed that there was some potential in using C. rosea in a bio-fungicide treatment plan. However, the fungi's sensitivity to environmental conditions may have contributed to poor and inconsistent control of F. graminearum in this study.

Download or read book Genetic Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Hard Winter Wheat written by Umara Sahar Rana and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium head blight (FHB), also known as 'scab', incited by Fusarium graminearum (Schw), is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in wheat. FHB reduces grain yield drastically, but also grain quality due to shriveled kernels, protein damage, and mycotoxin contamination caused by the fungal infection. Host plant resistance is the most effective and environmentally safe approach to combat this disease. To identify resistance genes from locally adapted cultivars, a population of 178 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from Overland × Everest was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The RIL population was phenotyped for resistance to the initial infection (type I), fungal spread within a spike (type II), mycotoxin (DON) accumulation in grains (type III) and Fusarium damaged kernel (type IV) in repeated greenhouse and field experiments. Seven QTLs were identified on chromosome arms 1AL, 3BL, 4BS, 4BL, 6AL, 6BL 7AS and 7BL for type I resistance. Hard winter wheat cultivar Everest contributes all the resistance alleles except two on chromosome arms 4BS and 6BL, which are contributed by hard winter wheat cultivar Overland. Six QTLs on chromosome regions of 1BL, 4A, 4BS, 5AL, 6BL and 7AS confer type II resistance with the resistance QTLs on 1BL, 4BS, 6BL and 7AS from Everest and on 4A, 4BS, and 5AL from Overland. The type II QTL on chromosome 4BS is overlapped with the reduced height gene Rht-B1. QTLs for type III resistance were mapped on 4BS and 5AL while QTLs for type IV resistance were mapped on chromosome 4BS, 5AL and 7AS and they overlapped with type II resistance in the corresponding chromosome regions. The haplotype analysis showed that genotypes containing multiple QTLs showed significantly higher resistance than those with fewer or no QTLs, indicating that these QTLs have additive effects on FHB resistance. Type I FHB resistance was poorly characterized in the literature. The current study demonstrated that Everest carries several QTLs for type I resistance, thus is a useful native source for type I resistance. Some SNP markers tightly linked with the QTLs for different types of resistance were successfully converted into Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assays and could be used in marker-assisted breeding for FHB resistance in wheat.

Download or read book Wheat Blast written by Sudheer Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.

Download or read book Advances in Breeding for Wheat Disease Resistance written by Peter Bulli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Genes in the Wheat QTL Fhb2 Using Forward and Reverse Genetics written by Dhananjay Dhokane and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB not only cause serious losses in yield but also significantly deteriorates the quality of grains by contaminating them with health hazardous mycotoxins. Plant resistance is considered as the most sustainable and effective strategy to manage FHB and to reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins. However, lack of effective and precise phenotyping methods and limited understanding of the genetics of FHB resistance has hindered the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to FHB in wheat is quantitative; therefore more than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified and mapped on all chromosomes in wheat. QTL-Fhb2 is the second major QTL that confers high levels of resistance to the spread of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) within a spike through the rachis. However, the genes underlying the QTL and the mechanisms of resistance are still not elucidated.The phenotyping method was improved by developing a qPCR based protocol to precisely quantify the levels of FHB resistance among genotypes, including bleaching symptoms, following single floret inoculation under greenhouse conditions. We used Fg Tri6 gene specific primers to identify the copy number of Tri6 gene in the samples collected after Fg inoculation. The higher copy numbers of Tri6 correlates to higher Fg biomass and more the susceptibility of the genotype to FHB. Based on the protocol developed, we report that the qPCR based method is more sensitive and precise in discriminating genotypes varying in their levels to FHB resistance compared to disease severity analysis. Further, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), carrying resistant (R-RIL) and susceptible (S-RIL) alleles of QTL-Fhb2 were subjected to metabolome and transcriptome profiling following Fg and distilled water (mock) inoculation, to identify candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets, we have identified six candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. The candidate genes localized within the QTL are, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), callose synthase (CS), basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH041) transcription factor, glutathione S-transferase (GST), ABC transporter-4 (ABC4) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Based on these findings, we report that the QTL-Fhb2 likely confers FHB resistance through combined effect of cell wall reinforcement and Deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxification.Furthermore, a Ta4CL3 gene localized within the QTL-Fhb2 was functionally characterized using virus induced gene silencing and the resistance functions were proven by analyzing disease severity, fungal biomass and metabolic profiles of silenced and non-silenced control plants. Taken together, we report that Ta4CL3 contributes to resistance against the spread of Fg within a spike likely by reinforcing the cell walls, through the deposition of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, lignin and lignans." --

Download or read book Fusarium Head Blight in Latin America written by Teresa M. Alconada Magliano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium head blight (FHB) on small-grain cereals is one of the most devastating diseases. Several species can cause head blight, though Fusarium graminearum is the predominant pathogen in most regions. F. graminearum is one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. This book presents the current state of knowledge regarding mycological aspects that make wheat-Fusarium interaction, such as hyphal growth, morphogenesis in germinating spores, visualization of enzymatic hydrolysis, production of mycotoxins, inhibition of the hyphal growth by antagonist microorganisms, use of natural substances or by modification of the host resistance, as well as genetic analysis and expression of genes that regulate the infection. Fungal ecology and epidemiology will also be discussed. Just as the analysis of environmental requirements for the establishment of the disease, the use of forecasts of disease risk with meteorological base and integrated management and control. This book includes the study of disease in Latin America, therefore will be of interest to researchers who are working on the issue, as for those who are interested in knowing about the disease.

Download or read book Fungal Wheat Diseases Etiology Breeding and Integrated Management written by Maria Rosa Simon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Triticum Spp Using Phenotypic Characters and Molecular Markers written by Ali Malihipour and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat -- Triticum aestivum -- Triticum timopheevii -- Brio -- TC 67 -- Fusarium head blight -- Quantitative trait loci -- resistance -- 5AL -- 5BS -- plant height -- number of days to anthesis -- awnedness -- spike threshability -- Tri101 -- Fusarium graminearum -- Fusarium boothii -- Fusarium cerealis -- Lineage 7 -- Lineage 3 -- Tri12 -- NIV -- 3-ADON -- 15-ADON -- aggressiveness -- host-pathogen interaction.

Download or read book Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Barley written by Kurt J. Leonard and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 2003 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.

Download or read book A Genome Wide Association Study for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat written by Amanda Leigh Holder and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grains caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. FHB poses potential economic losses and health risks due to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on infected seed heads. The objectives of this study are: 1) evaluate soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines for resistance to FHB in terms of resistance to initial inoculum (incidence); resistance to spread within the head (severity); resistance to DON accumulation; and resistance to Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), 2) determine the frequency and effect of known FHB resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 3) identify novel resistance loci using a genome wide association (GWA) approach. From 2014-2017, 360 SRWW breeding lines were evaluated in inoculated misted FHB nurseries in Fayetteville and Newport, AR and Winnsboro, LA (2017 only) in a randomized complete block design. At all locations, lines were sown in two row plots, inoculated with F. graminearum infected corn (Zea mays L.) and overhead misted throughout the months of April and May to provide optimal conditions for FHB infection. In addition to visual ratings and DON analysis, lines were screened with KASP® markers linked to known FHB resistance genes, including Fhb1. The known resistance QTL, Qfhb.nc-2B.1 (Bess), on chromosome 3B was significantly associated with a reduction in incidence, severity, and DON accumulation. Genome wide SNP markers generated through genotype by sequencing (GBS) were used to perform GWA in order to identify marker-trait associations for FHB resistance. The GWA analysis identified 58 highly significant SNPs associated with the four disease traits. The most highly significant SNP was found on chromosome 4A and the minor allele was found to significantly reduce incidence by 1.17%. Results from this study will facilitate the development of SRWW cultivars with improved resistance to FHB.

Download or read book Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat written by Janet M. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetics of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat written by Subas Malla and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Studies of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in the Winter Wheat Cultivar Ernie written by Shuyu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, mainly caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schw. (Petch)], is a serious disease that affects wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in warm, humid areas of the world. Yield losses in the United States during the 1990s were close to $3.0 billion. Genetic resistance is the most effective and economical solution to the yield and quality losses, however, breeding is hindered by a lack of resistance genes. Current genetic studies and breeding programs are focusing on the Chinese cultivar 'Sumai 3' and its derivatives. 'Ernie', a soft red winter wheat cultivar, was released from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995. It has a high level of FHB resistance, yet the genetics of its resistance are not well understood. This research was designed to study the genetics of FHB resistance in Ernie through both molecular and conventional approaches. A set of 244 F 8 recombinant inbred lines were developed from the cross Ernie/MO 94-317. Four assessments of type II FHB resistance including spread, spread with wilt, the Fusarium head blight index (FHBI), and FHBI with wilt were made. All were highly significantly correlated with coefficients ranging from 0.699** to 0.915**. The number of effective factors for FHB resistance in Ernie was estimated as two for spread and four for FHBI. Five QTLs were identified on five different chromosomes (2B, 3B, 4BL, 5A, and 5DL) which were linked to FHBI and FHBI with wilt. The QTLs with larger effects for FHB resistance were on chromosomes 4BL, 5A, and 5DL and explained 10 to 33% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL on 5A was also associated with disease spread and spread with wilt and explained 10 to 12% of the phenotypic variation. All FHB resistant alleles were from Ernie. Multiple regression indicated that these five QTLs explained 36 to 37% of the phenotypic variation for FHBI and FHBI with wilt, respectively. Significant interactions between markers were included in the model and explained 53.8% and 43.2% of the total variation for these two traits, respectively. Based on the chromosome locations, linked markers, and the magnitude of their effects, the QTLs in Ernie differ from those in Sumai 3. Three QTLs for days to flower were identified on chromosomes 2A, 2DS, and 5B. The major QTL on 2DS explained 61.9% of the phenotypic variation. One QTL was also detected on 5AL for absence of awns. The major QTL on 2DS was common between days to flower and spike length; however, neither was common with QTLs for FHB resistance. Generation mean and variance analyses were done on six generations including the parents, F 1 (Ernie/MO 94-317), BC 1 (F 1 /Ernie), BC 2 (F 1 /MO 94-317), and the F 2 . Additive effects were the major effects for both spread and FHBI. Broad-sense heritability estimates for the F 2 were 78.2% and 78.3% for spread and FHBI, respectively, while the narrow-sense heritabilities were 51.3% and 55.4%, respectively. Because of the additivity of these genetic effects, we concluded that pyramiding the genes from Ernie with those from other sources of resistance should enhance the level of FHB resistance in wheat.