Download or read book Ending the War Metaphor written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-07-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.

Download or read book Host microbe Interactions written by Matthew K. Waldor and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Host Pathogen Interaction written by Gottfried Unden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the rapidity increasing incidence rate of bacterial and fungal infections with multi-resistant pathogens, the metabolic changes associated with host-pathogen interactions offer one of the most promising starting points for developing novel antibiotics. . Part one of this comprehensive guide describes the metabolic adaptation of pathogenic microbes in humans, while part two points to routes for the development of novel antibiotics. This is volume six of the book series on drug discovery in infectious diseases by Paul Selzer.

Download or read book Principles of Plant Microbe Interactions written by Ben Lugtenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of microbial plant protection products is growing and their importance will strongly increase due to political and public pressure. World population is growing and the amount of food needed by 2050 will be double of what is produced now whereas the area of agricultural land is decreasing. We must increase crop yield in a sustainable way. Chemical plant growth promoters must be replaced by microbiological products. Also here, the use of microbial products is growing and their importance will strongly increase. A growing area of agricultural land is salinated. Global warming will increase this process. Plants growth is inhibited by salt or even made impossible and farmers tend to disuse the most salinated lands. Microbes have been very successfully used to alleviate salt stress of plants. Chemical pollution of land can make plant growth difficult and crops grown are often polluted and not suitable for consumption. Microbes have been used to degrade these chemical pollutants.

Download or read book Host Microbe Interactions written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Microbe Interactions, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology series, provides a forum for the discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their respective fields, along with abundant references. This volume is dedicated to the subject of host-microbe interactions. Provides the latest research on host-microbe interactions, including new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contains contributions from leading authorities on topics relating to molecular biology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Download or read book The Microbe Host Interface in Respiratory Tract Infections written by Jan L. L. Kimpen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-22 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular pathogenesis of microbial agents responsible for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) has been the focus of much research in recent years. The emphasis has been on developing new treatments such as novel antimicrobials and more effective vaccines. Significant attention has also been paid to improving molecular diagnostic methods to identify RTI-causing microbes, as well as understanding the host response to them. The Microbe-Host Interface in Respiratory Tract Infections presents an overview of the current knowledge in this area. It provides us with the first coherent picture of emerging strategies for controlling the microbes responsible for RTIs. This comprehensive volume is divided into three sections: the first reviews topics of general interest; the second focuses on bacterial and atypical RTIs; while the final section covers viral RTIs. Each of the chapters is the work of two or more of the top scientists in the field writing about their own pioneering research. Various chapters comment on vaccines, antibiotics, and molecular diagnostic methods. This cutting-edge work is essential reading for research microbiologists and other scientists involved in the investigation and treatment of RTIs.

Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host Microbe Interactions written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tick Host Pathogen Interactions written by Sarah Irène Bonnet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Besides causing direct damage associated with blood feeding and in some cases through the excretion of toxins with their saliva, the main relevance of ticks lies in the wide variety of pathogens that they can transmit, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Owing to socioeconomic and environmental changes, tick distribution is changing with incursions of ticks and tick-borne diseases occurring in different regions of the world when the widespread deployment of chemical acaricides and repellents has led to the selection of resistance in multiple populations of ticks. New approaches that are environmentally sustainable and that provide broad protection against current and future tick-borne pathogen (TBP) are thus urgently needed. Such development, however, requires improved understanding of factors resulting in vector competence and tick-host-pathogen interactions. This Research Topic provides an overview of known molecular tick-host-pathogen interactions for a number of TBPs and highlights how this knowledge can contribute to novel control and prevention strategies for tick-borne diseases.

Download or read book Intracellular Niches of Microbes written by Ulrich E. Schaible and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the different and exciting pathways which havebeen developed by pathogenic microbes to manage living inside hostcells. It covers intracellular life styles of all relevantpathogenic but also symbiotic microorganisms with respect to thecell biology of the host-microbe interactions and the microbialadaptations for intracellular survival. It features intracellulartrafficking pathways and characteristics of intracellular niches ofindividual microbes. The book also asks questions on the benefitsfor the microbe with regard to physiological needs and nutritionalaspects such as auxotrophy, effects on genome sizes, andconsequences for disease and host response/immunity (and thebenefits for the host in the cases of symbionts). Additionally, the book includes those pathogens that are medicallyless important but represent distinct intracellular niches,trafficking behaviours and virulence traits. The individualchapters also point out future challenges of research for therespective organism.

Download or read book Host Pathogen Interactions written by Carlos Medina and published by Humana. This book was released on 2024-02-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated volume serves as multidisciplinary compendium of approaches and techniques employed to analyze the role of different molecules, processes, or strategies used by different guests to survive and proliferate in their associations with eukaryotic hosts. Beginning with animal-pathogen interactions, the book then continues with chapters exploring virus-host interactions, plant-microbe interactions, as well as different molecular techniques that were initially applied to non-pathogenic interactions but can be adapted to study other host-pathogen associations. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Host-Pathogen Interactions: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition contributes to the study of host-pathogen interactions with numerous techniques that can be used in a variety of bacteria.

Download or read book Metal economy in host microbe interactions written by Frédéric Veyrier and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic presents knowledge on transition metal metabolism in various infections from the dual perspective of offender and defender. 1) Host Nutritional Immunity: depriving or poisoning. To date, the implication of divalent metals have been described in two different immune strategies that aim to fight microbial invaders. One consists in depriving microbes of essential divalent metals whereas the other aims at overloading invaders with toxic concentrations of metal. The contributions in this section present, in different situations, various aspects of this metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Two papers deal with metal homeostasis as hosts interact with bacteria. Diaz-Ochoa et al. (2014) review immunological mechanisms to sequester Fe, Mn and Zn in the inflamed gut and strategies of commensals and pathogens to evade mucosal defenses and obtain such nutrients. Lisher & Giedroc (2013) detail chemical and structural mechanisms to capture Mn, an antioxidant used by pathogens to adapt to human hosts, and the impact of Fe and Zn on Mn bioavailability during infections. The most coveted metal, iron is key to nutritional immunity and microbial virulence. Using amoeba as model phagocyte, Bozzaro et al. (2013) present the tug of war between a bacterial predator, sequestering intracellular iron to resist invasion, and pathogens which elude such defense mechanisms. On mammalian defense against intracellular bacteria and protozoan parasites, Silva-Gomes et al. (2013) outline divergent approaches: iron-withholding to prevent microbial replication or iron-based oxidative injury to kill invaders. Host may also target invaders with toxic doses of Cu and Zn, normally kept at low concentrations. Neyrolles et al. (2013) present an opinion article on bacterial Zn and Cu poisoning in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Chaturvedi & Henderson (2014) summarize the specific properties of copper and its toxic effect on bacteria cells. Argüello et al. (2013) review how bacteria integrate homeostatic mechanisms to avoid Cu toxicity by sensing and regulating ion chelation, chaperoning and membrane transport. 2) Microbial adaptation to host defenses: metallo-transporters or exporters. To overcome host resistance to infection, numerous mechanisms have been selected through the course of microbial evolution, in particular transporters that can feed the bacteria even at low metal concentration or, on the contrary, metallo-exporters that can expel metals outside the cell to avoid toxic accumulation. The articles in this section describe the microbial transport arsenal, and its regulation, which play major roles to influence metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Bacterial and fungal strategies to acquire Fe is the subject of four contributions. Liu & Biville (2013) discuss erythrocyte parasitism by Bartonella, transmitted by arthropod vectors and relying principally on heme capture and oxidative stress defense to cause persistent infections. Runyen-Janecky (2013) highlights some of the recent findings on heme iron acquisition system and the regulation of their expression in Gram-negative pathogens. Cornelis & Dingemans (2013) recap how Pseudomonas adapts means of iron capture to the type of infection it establishes, acute or chronic. Caza & Kronstad (2013) contrast strategies of virulent bacteria and fungi to subvert host immunity and steal iron from hemoglobin, heme, transferrin and lactoferrin or elemental iron using specialized uptake systems and siderophores. Five papers deal with microbial homeostasis of other metals Mn, Ni and Zn. Honsa et al. (2013) review the roles of importers and exporters of Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Streptococcus pneumoniae gene regulation and tissue-specific pathogenesis. Guilhen et al (2013) focus on families of exporters and the role of metal efflux in the evolution of Neisseria meningitidis virulence and naso-pharyngeal c

Download or read book Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions written by Kamal Bouarab and published by CABI. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, divided into 13 chapters, explores recent discoveries in the area of molecular plant-microbe interactions. It focuses mainly on the mechanisms controlling plant disease resistance and the cross talk among the signalling pathways involved, and the strategies used by fungi and viruses to suppress these defences. Two chapters deal with the role of symbionts (such as the symbiotic actinobacteria and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) during their interactions with plants.

Download or read book Diet Microbe Interactions in the Gut written by Kieran Tuohy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on expert opinions from the fields of nutrition, gut microbiology, mammalian physiology, and immunology, Diet-Microbe Interactions for Human Health investigates the evidence for a unified disease mechanism working through the gut and its resident microbiota, and linking many inflammation-related chronic diet associated diseases. State of the art post-genomic studies can highlight the important role played by our resident intestinal microbiota in determining human health and disease. Many chronic human diseases associated with modern lifestyles and diets — including those localized to the intestinal tract like inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and more pervasive systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease — are characterized by aberrant profiles of gut bacteria or their metabolites. Many of these diseases have an inflammatory basis, often presenting with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, hinting at persistent and inappropriate activation of inflammatory pathways. Through the presentation and analysis of recent nutrition studies, this book discusses the possible mechanisms underpinning the disease processes associated with these pathologies, with high fat diets appearing to predispose to disease, and biologically active plant components, mainly fiber and polyphenols, appearing to reduce the risk of chronic disease development. One comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of nutrition and diet's effect on gastrointestinal health and disease Experts in nutrition, diet, microbiology and immunology take readers from the bench research (cellular and biochemical mechanisms of vitamins and nutrients) to new preventive and therapeutic approaches Clear presentations by leading researchers of the cellular mechanisms underlying diet, immune response, and gastrointestinal disease help practicing nutritionists and clinicians (gastroenterologists, endocrinologists) map out new areas for clinical research and structuring clinical recommendations

Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host Microbe Interactions Volume II written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological consequences of host microbe interactions written by Pieter Johannes Heidt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Host Microbe Interaction and Coevolution written by Wei Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbiome Host Interactions written by D. Dhanasekaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences