Download or read book Holocene Carbon Dynamics in the Patterned Peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland Canada written by Maara Susanna Packalen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paleoecological and Carbon Accumulation Dynamics of a Fen Peatland in the Hudson Bay Lowlands Northern Ontario from the Mid Holocene to Present written by Benjamin Cody O'Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollen assemblages, peat humification and carbon:nitrogen stratigraphy were examined at high resolution in a core from a fen peatland in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Northern Ontario, to interpret the factors that drive long-term peatland dynamics. Subtle changes in the vegetation community are evident over the record, suggesting both allogenic and autogenic influences, but a fen community appears to have been resilient to external perturbations including isostatic rebound and hydroclimatic changes between 6400 and 100 years BP. Paleoclimatic reconstructions from the fossil pollen assemblages indicate that precipitation increased 3000 years BP at the end of the Holocene Thermal Maximum, and that carbon accumulation in the fen was controlled more by effective surface moisture (precipitation) than by temperature. The pollen record suggests changes over the past century, including increases in shrub Betula, Alnus, Ambrosia, and Cyperaceae and a decrease in Sphagnum spores, consistent with the observed Pan-Arctic shrub increase.
Download or read book Holocene Peatland Carbon Accumulation Ecology and Hydrology in the Canadian James Bay Lowlands written by James Robert Holmquist and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northern peatlands contain some of the largest terrestrial stores of organic soil carbon (C) which may grow due to increases in productivity, or decline due to higher decay under projected warming and drought scenarios. However, models of peatland growth lack data on basic peatland history for the remote James Bay Lowlands (JBL) region of Canada, as well as the relationships between climate and productivity, and the history of Holocene precipitation. This dissertation presents C accumulation, vegetative macrofossil, and proxy-climate reconstruction data from eight previously unpublished sites in the JBL, as well as synthesizes currently available data. Peatlands in the JBL initiated lagging the retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet, and the drainage of glacial lakes by an average of 2,900 years. Most of the peatlands studied initiated as mineral rich fens, which transitioned to nutrient poor bogs an average of 3,800 years after they initiated. Over the Holocene they have acted as a sink of CO2, accumulating between 71.5 and 171.2 kgC m−2, with median long-term apparent C accumulation rates (LARCA) ranging from 13.8 to 31.6 gC m−2 yr−1. Peatland C accumulation was variable within and between sites, but was driven by productivity rather than decay during the late-Holocene. The depths of late-Holocene peat deposits correlate positively with growing season length, and photosynthetically active radiation, and were negatively affected by permafrost occurrence. A single site provides evidence for a relatively dry pre-Holocene Thermal Maximum period, and a relatively wet Holocene Thermal Maximum, with a small but positive influence of water table depth on LARCA. Although there was some variation due to site-specific conditions, multiple sites indicate that the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly was a wet period in the JBL, consistent with modern precipitation anomalies, whereas the Little Ice Age was dry. The Little Ice Age may have been locally complex due to precipitation variability, or the formation of permafrost. On the short term, peatland C-stores may grow faster if temperature and seasonality changes occur within their physiological and ecological limitations. However long-term peatland stability in the area will likely be dependent on precipitation, which may fluctuate due to the positions of the Arctic and Pacific fronts, and stochastic interactions between the atmosphere and sea surface temperatures.
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands written by Andrew J. Baird and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 184. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands examines the role that northern peatlands play in regulating the atmospheric carbon budget. It summarizes current research in four interconnected areas: large-scale peatland dynamics and carbon cycling; plant and microbial dynamics and their effect on carbon fluxes to the atmosphere; methane accumulation in, and loss from, peatlands; and water and dissolved carbon fluxes through peatlands. The volume highlights include A thorough assessment of the challenges involved in incorporating carbon cycling in northern peatlands into global climate models; A conceptual model to examine the partitioning of terminal carbon mineralization into production of CO2 and CH4; A comprehensive review of the evidence for the accumulation of methane in deep and shallow peat; and A description of the hydrologic changes induced by peat harvesting and associated challenges in restoring altered peatlands to their natural hydrologic regime. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands will be of interest to research scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, particularly those who wish to know more about the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and their role as modifiers of climate.
Download or read book Observing Modeling and Understanding Processes in Natural and Managed Peatlands written by Michel Bechtold and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesoscale Wind and Temperature Changes Over Peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands written by Olalekan Oluleye Balogun and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although northern peatlands in general are currently a net carbon sink, there is still considerable uncertainty in the long-term combined response of plant productivity and ecosystem respiration to global warming and moisture changes. The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) region of Canada is the second largest peat-accumulating complex in the world that is strongly influenced by the cold air masses originating off the Hudson Bay. Recent warming has caused observed changes in the sea ice dynamics and energy budget of the Hudson Bay, yet it is presently unknown how these climatic changes in the Bay will impact the surface energy and carbon balance of the adjacent HBL. As a globally significant peatland carbon pool, the HBL will play an important role in future climate warming and permafrost carbon feedback. The primary aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the warming-induced changes in the advective influence of the Hudson Bay and its linkage to the changes in the surface energy and carbon balance over peatlands of the HBL. I use a combined model and assimilated climate dataset to investigate the mesoscale wind and temperature changes in the HBL and their impacts on the surface energy balance (1979-2018). Furthermore, I employ a satellite data-driven light-use efficiency model, calibrated and validated with eddy covariance tower measurements at a fen and bog to examine the response of net ecosystem CO2 exchange to climatic changes (2000-2019). The results reveal that differential rates of warming between offshore and onshore winds have produced significant changes in the advective role of the Hudson Bay as evident in the increased frequency and strength of onshore winds. Also, the results show contrasting net CO2 exchange between the fen and bog sites. The anomalies in gross primary production and ecosystem respiration were associated with strong trends in temperature and moisture, and the Hudson Bay had a more pronounced advective influence on peatland respiration than photosynthesis.
Download or read book Late Holocene Climate Controls on Carbon Dynamics at Teringi Bog Estonia written by Kristyn Hill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines records of past climate variability and the controls affecting carbon accumulation rates at Teringi Bog, Estonia (57°58'31.26", 25°33'34.80"E). Analyses of [delta]13C, [delta] 2H, [delta]18O, and d-excess from Sphagnum fuscum moss cellulose, [delta]13C and [delta]15N from bulk peat, and [delta]18O and [delta]2H from surface waters indicate that carbon accumulation rates are influenced by changes the overall amount of precipitation and its seasonality throughout the Late Holocene. Changes in the depth to the water table were recorded from August, 2014, to May, 2016, and it was observed that the hydrologic balance is principally driven by fall, winter and spring precipitation. The summer hydrologic budget is affected by regional draining. Bulk peat isotopes indicate that high carbon accumulation rates correspond to high [delta]13C and [delta]15N values signifying periods of overall increased wetness. Low [delta]18Ocellulose values indicate periods of increased relative winter/summer precipitation and also correspond to periods of high carbon accumulation rates. D-excess has been utilized in few peat-based paleoclimate studies, but shows potential to be an indicator of precipitation source. Periods of high d-excess and low [delta]18O values (from 4200 to 3800 cal yr BP and from 2500 to 2200 cal yr BP) indicate times of greater relative winter to summer precipitation, but conditions at the source can also be inferred. The interval beginning at 4200 cal yr BP show low [delta]2H values, and the interval beginning at 2500 cal yr BP shows high [delta]2H values indicating that the source vapor originated under cooler and more arid conditions. Comparisons of this study with NAO reconstructions show a relationship between periods of increased [delta]13C and positive phases of the NAO, but studies from nearby lakes show that the NAO has had variable effects on the region during the Late Holocene. The results of this study show that periods of increased wetness and increased winter precipitation are related to increased carbon accumulation rates, and that those periods correspond to positive phases of the NAO.
Download or read book Carbon Dynamics in Northern Peatlands Canada written by Charlotte L. Roehm and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Dynamics in Forest and Peatland Ecosystems written by Jagtar S. Bhatti and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autogenic and Allogenic Controls on Carbon Dynamics in Peatlands from Alaska and Patagonia written by Julie Loisel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In peatlands, both internal dynamics and external forcing drive changes in hydrological conditions and vegetation communities, which affect short- and long-term peat accumulation processes and associated carbon sequestration. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of these autogenic and allogenic controls is of critical importance for documenting peatland development and assessing the peatland carbon-sink function, especially because climatically-induced changes in peatland hydrology and vegetation are likely to have considerable effects on peat-carbon fluxes. In my dissertation, I present a range of evidence from Alaska and Patagonia demonstrating that peatland-carbon dynamics are controlled by hierarchical interactions between regional climate dynamics, landscape morphology, and spatially-explicit local community structures.
Download or read book Peatlands written by Stephen T. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peatlands written by I.P. Martini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades there has been considerable work on global climatic change and its effect on the ecosphere, as well as on local and global environmental changes triggered by human activities. From the tropics to the Arctic, peatlands have developed under various geological conditions, and they provide good records of global and local changes since the Late Pleistocene.The objectives of the book are to analyze topics such as geological evolution of major peatlands basins; peatlands as self sustaining ecosystems; chemical environment of peatlands: water and peat chemistry; peatlands as archives of environmental changes; influence of peatlands on atmosphere: circular complex interactions; remote sensing studies of peatlands; peatlands as a resource; peatlands degradation, restoration, plus more. * Presents an interdisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on Earth Science, and addresses the need for intergration between subdisciplines and the developing of new approaches* Synthesizes the evolutionary, ecological, and chemical characteristics of major peatlands, as well as focuses on the environmental changes, from climate changes to surface ares changes due to human activities* Covers topical studies of worldwide interest and provides examples from many different countries
Download or read book Holocene Dynamics in Subarctic Peat Plateaus of West central Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Wetland Book written by C. Max Finlayson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wetland Book is a comprehensive resource aimed at supporting the trans- and multidisciplinary research and practice which is inherent to this field. Aware both that wetlands research is on the rise and that researchers and students are often working or learning across several disciplines, The Wetland Book is a readily accessible online and print reference which will be the first port of call on key concepts in wetlands science and management. This easy-to-follow reference will allow multidisciplinary teams and transdisciplinary individuals to look up terms, access further details, read overviews on key issues and navigate to key articles selected by experts.
Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Boreal Peatland Ecosystems written by R.K. Wieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first truly ecosystem-oriented book on peatlands. It adopts an ecosystems approach to understanding the world's boreal peatlands. The focus is on biogeochemical patterns and processes, production, decomposition, and peat accumulation, and it provides additional information on animal and fungal diversity. A recurring theme is the legacy of boreal peatlands as impressive accumulators of carbon as peat over millennia.
Download or read book Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in Europe written by Ioannis Manakos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land use and land cover (LULC) as well as its changes (LUCC) are an interplay between bio-geophysical characteristics of the landscape and climate as well as the complex human interaction including its different patterns of utilization superimposed on the natural vegetation. LULC is a core information layer for a variety of scientific and administrative tasks(e.g. hydrological modelling, climate models, land use planning).In particular in the context of climate change with its impacts on socio-economic, socio-ecologic systems as well as ecosystem services precise information on LULC and LUCC are mandatory baseline datasets required over large areas. Remote sensing can provide such information on different levels of detail and in a homogeneous and reliable way. Hence, LULC mapping can be regarded as a prototype for integrated approaches based on spaceborne and airborne remote sensing techniques combined with field observations. The book provides for the first time a comprehensive view of various LULC activities focusing on European initiatives, such as the LUCAS surveys, the CORINE land covers, the ESA/EU GMES program and its resulting Fast-Track- and Downstream Services, the EU JRC Global Land Cover, the ESA GlobCover project as well as the ESA initiative on Essential Climate Variables. All have and are producing highly appreciated land cover products. The book will cover the operational approaches, but also review current state-of-the-art scientific methodologies and recommendations for this field. It opens the view with best-practice examples that lead to a view that exceeds pure mapping, but to investigate into drivers and causes as well as future projections.
