Download or read book Arredondo written by Bradley Folsom and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this biography of Joaquín de Arredondo, historian Bradley Folsom brings to life one of the most influential and ruthless leaders in North American history. Arredondo (1776–1837), a Bourbon loyalist who governed Texas and the other interior provinces of northeastern New Spain during the Mexican War of Independence, contended with attacks by revolutionaries, U.S. citizens, generals who had served in Napoleon’s army, pirates, and various American Indian groups, all attempting to wrest control of the region. Often resorting to violence to deal with the provinces’ problems, Arredondo was for ten years the most powerful official in northeastern New Spain. Folsom’s lively account shows the challenges of governing a vast and inhospitable region and provides insight into nineteenth-century military tactics and Spanish viceregal realpolitik. When Arredondo and his army—which included Arredondo’s protégé, future president of Mexico Antonio López de Santa Anna—arrived in Nuevo Santander in 1811, they quickly suppressed a revolutionary upheaval. Arredondo went on to expel an army of revolutionaries and invaders from the United States who had taken over Texas and declared it an independent republic. In the Battle of Medina, the bloodiest battle ever fought in Texas, he crushed the insurgents and followed his victory with a purge that reduced Texas’s population by half. Over the following eight years, Arredondo faced fresh challenges to Spanish sovereignty ranging from Comanche and Apache raids to continued American incursion. In response, Arredondo ignored his superiors and ordered his soldiers to terrorize those who disagreed with him. Arredondo’s actions had dramatic repercussions in Texas, Mexico, and the United States. His decision to allow Moses Austin to colonize Texas with Americans would culminate in the defeat of Santa Anna in 1836, but not before Santa Anna had made good use of the lessons in brutality he had learned so well from his mentor.
Download or read book Mecca and Medina written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a history of the region and religion before Islam *Includes footnotes and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "There is no doubt in the sanctity of Mecca, but a donkey won't become a Hajj pilgrim by just going through the motions." - Rahman Baba "Whenever the Prophet...returned from a journey and observed the walls of Madinah, he would make his Mount go fast, and if he was on an animal (i.e. a horse), he would make it gallop because of his love for Madinah." - Sahih Bukhari - Book 30: Hadith 110 The reason for the existence of most of the world's cities is obvious to the student of geography. New York and Shanghai control deep ports and straddle great rivers bringing trade from the interior; Paris and London are at the crossing points of major cross-country rivers; Johannesburg sits atop a great mountain of gold ore; and Moscow and Madrid are at the heart of their great nations, easily able to control even the more distant corners of the land. Mecca is quite different, as the city exists solely because it is holy. Even centuries before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, the leaders of Mecca established that their city was the pre-eminent holy site in western Arabia and established a truce for pilgrims to the city. In the process, one effect of this was that Mecca became a center for might today be described as tourism, as even ancient visitors needed places for food, water, and sleep. At the same time, they could make offerings in the temples and leave with mementos of their time in Mecca. Many also found it convenient to bring their trade goods to the markets of Mecca, where they could find visitors bringing interesting wares from across the region, and the city also enjoyed the status of a trade center. Of course, Mecca is now best known for being Islam's holiest city, revered as the birthplace of Muhammad and the site where Allah first revealed the Qu'ran to him. Within Mecca is the Ka'aba, a building housed within the Al-Masjid al-Haram (Great Mosque) that is considered the holiest site, and wherever they are in the world, Muslims face in the direction of the Ka'aba while praying. A pilgrimage to Mecca is considered a necessity for devout Muslims at some point in their lives, and the city itself is off limits to non-Muslims. Indeed, Mecca is so integral to Islam that the name of the city has entered the English lexicon and is a commonplace reference to any area closely associated with something (such as Paris often being called the mecca of fashion). Mecca has always been central to the faith, but it has had a somewhat turbulent geopolitical history, both because of conflicts within Islam and among neighboring nations in the Middle East. As a result, its history is often overlooked, even as most people are quite familiar with the city. Even centuries before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, Jews settled in the area that became Medina to escape persecution at the hands of the Babylonians and Romans, meaning the area and its arid environment brought inhabitants precisely because it wasn't an attractive or resource rich area. In fact, the city fated to become the second holiest city in Islam earned that spot simply by straddling trade routes to the religious city of Mecca, which brought traders and pilgrims in large enough numbers to make it a trade center. While Mecca was Muhammad's birthplace, the Prophet spent a great deal of time in Medina, especially when he and his supporters found themselves in conflict with the Meccans. Using Medina as a base, Muhammad eventually took Mecca, and both cities became integral parts of the Caliphate that followed. This meant that even as history brought geopolitical changes, Medina remained a city of religious significance for all Muslims. Mecca and Medina: The History of Islam's Holiest Cities traces the history of the second most important cities in Islam.
Download or read book History of Makkah written by and published by Darussalam. This book was released on 2002 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mentions the different aspects of Makkah, and records the important historical events that have direct effect on the establishment and sacredness of Makkah as well as its religious weight. This book highlights the sites that are important whenever Makkah is mentioned like the Black Stone and Zamzarn Well.
Download or read book History of Medina County Texas written by and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Jewel of Medina written by Sherry Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This novel, banned shortly before publication in Sept '08 by Random House, attracting British and world-wide media attention, tells for the first time the moving but little known love story between Mohammed and his favoured wife Ai'sha. A wonderful fast-paced novel and an uplifting subject that readers from all religions will enjoy.
Download or read book The Walled Arab City in Literature Architecture and History written by Susan Slyomovics and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a multidisciplinary approach to the medina, the traditional walled Arab city of North Africa. The medina becomes a concrete case study for comparative explorations of general questions about the social use of urban space by opening up fields of research at the intersection of history, comparative cultural studies, architecture and anthropology. Essays by American, European and North African scholars demonstrate a variety of sources and theoretical approaches now being used in writing historical narratives framed within the city space. They shed light on recent studies by anthropologists regarding social praxis within the urban context, and analyze the urban experience of the medina and the casbah as they are represented in visual and material culture.
Download or read book Creating a New Medina written by Venkat Dhulipala and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the fundamental assumptions regarding the foundations of Pakistani nationalism during colonial rule in India.
Download or read book Historic Cities and Sacred Sites written by Ismail Serageldin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contributes to a better understanding of why historic cities and sacred sites are important, and how cultural roots may influence and improve urban futures. It emphasises the need to include social and cultural dimensions in economic development and offers cases of best practice.
Download or read book The Holy City of Medina written by Thomas Henry Robert Munt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the emergence of Medina as a holy city, focusing on the historical developments of the first three Islamic centuries.
Download or read book Cybernetic Revolutionaries written by Eden Medina and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical study of Chile's twin experiments with cybernetics and socialism, and what they tell us about the relationship of technology and politics. In Cybernetic Revolutionaries, Eden Medina tells the history of two intersecting utopian visions, one political and one technological. The first was Chile's experiment with peaceful socialist change under Salvador Allende; the second was the simultaneous attempt to build a computer system that would manage Chile's economy. Neither vision was fully realized—Allende's government ended with a violent military coup; the system, known as Project Cybersyn, was never completely implemented—but they hold lessons for today about the relationship between technology and politics. Drawing on extensive archival material and interviews, Medina examines the cybernetic system envisioned by the Chilean government—which was to feature holistic system design, decentralized management, human-computer interaction, a national telex network, near real-time control of the growing industrial sector, and modeling the behavior of dynamic systems. She also describes, and documents with photographs, the network's Star Trek-like operations room, which featured swivel chairs with armrest control panels, a wall of screens displaying data, and flashing red lights to indicate economic emergencies. Studying project Cybersyn today helps us understand not only the technological ambitions of a government in the midst of political change but also the limitations of the Chilean revolution. This history further shows how human attempts to combine the political and the technological with the goal of creating a more just society can open new technological, intellectual, and political possibilities. Technologies, Medina writes, are historical texts; when we read them we are reading history.
Download or read book Roads to the Battle of Medina written by Bruce Moses and published by Alamo Press. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ROADS TO THE BATTLE OF MEDINA presents in-depth research of the 1813 Battle of Medina that succinctly locates the rebel Republican forces and the Spanish Royalist forces in the days leading up to the battle and for the first time reveals the true location of the main battle site in southern Bexar County. Moses and Nickels rely on multiple historic maps and factual accounts of the days before and after the battle, and are able to separate fact from fiction to locate the lost battlefield of Texas.
Download or read book History of Al Madinah Al Munawarah written by and published by Darussalam. This book was released on 2002 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mentions about the different aspects of Al-Madinah, and the important historical events are recorded that have direct effect on the establishment and sacredness of Al-Madinah as well as its religious weight. This book highlights the sites that are important whenever Al-Madinah is mentioned.
Download or read book 50 Events That Shaped Latino History 2 volumes written by Lilia Fernández and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which historical events were key to shaping Latino culture? This book provides coverage of the 50 most pivotal developments over 500 years that have shaped the Latino experience, offering primary sources, biographies of notable figures, and suggested readings for inquiry. Latinos—people of European, Indigenous, and African descent—have had a presence in North America long before the first British settlements arrived to the Eastern seaboard. The encounters between Spanish colonizers and the native peoples of the Americas initiated 500 years of a rich and vibrant history—an intermingled, cultural evolution that continues today in the 21st century. 50 Events that Shaped Latino History: An Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic is a valuable reference that provides a chronological overview of Latino/a history beginning with the indigenous populations of the Americas through the present day. It is divided into time period, such as Pre-Colonial Era to Spanish Empire, pre-1521–1810, and covers a variety of themes relevant to the time period, making it easy for the reader find information. The coverage offers readers background on critical events that have shaped Latino/a populations, revealed the conditions and experiences of Latinos, or highlighted their contributions to U.S. society. The text addresses events as varied as the U.S.-Mexican War to the rise of Latin jazz. The entries present a balance of political and cultural events, social developments, legal cases, and broader trends. Each entry has a chronology, a main narrative, biographies of notable figures, and suggested further readings, as well as one or more primary sources that offer additional context or information on the given event. These primary source materials offer readers additional insight via a first-hand account, original voices, or direct evidence on the subject matter.
Download or read book The 50 greatest events in the history of humankind written by Michael Wenkart and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of humankind is, ultimately, a story of advancement, progress and triumph. But it wasn’t achieved quickly nor in a straight upward line. There have been times when homo sapien has been on the verge of extinction. And times when it looked as if it might extinguish itself. We have come a long way in the fifteen millions years or so since our very distant ancestors decided that living on the ground looked like a better bet than an arboreal existence. The struggle in the early years was probably hard and threatened the existence of the species; but these very challenges are possibly what led to humanity differentiating itself from other primates and starting to develop along lines that would make it pre-eminent on the planet. The development of language was critical to this advance as were the abilities to think, analyse and plan in a more sophisticated way. These qualities have served us well and brought us the technically advanced world we now live in.
Download or read book Burn Baby Burn written by Meg Medina and published by Candlewick Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While violence runs rampant throughout New York, a teenage girl faces danger within her own home in Meg Medina's riveting coming-of-age novel. Nora Lopez is seventeen during the infamous New York summer of 1977, when the city is besieged by arson, a massive blackout, and a serial killer named Son of Sam who shoots young women on the streets. Nora’s family life isn’t going so well either: her bullying brother, Hector, is growing more threatening by the day, her mother is helpless and falling behind on the rent, and her father calls only on holidays. All Nora wants is to turn eighteen and be on her own. And while there is a cute new guy who started working with her at the deli, is dating even worth the risk when the killer likes picking off couples who stay out too late? Award-winning author Meg Medina transports us to a time when New York seemed balanced on a knife-edge, with tempers and temperatures running high, to share the story of a young woman who discovers that the greatest dangers are often closer than we like to admit — and the hardest to accept.
Download or read book Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 Volume 2 written by Yasser Mansour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medina Mayrit written by Ana Ruiz and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ana Ruiz traces the Celt-Iberian, Roman, and Visigoth roots of the capital of Spain and explores Moorish Madrid of yesterday and today. She recounts intriguing legends and highlights curiosities and special sites in Madrid as well as Toledo. She explains place-names and terms, and the ample illustrations make this an unusual street-by-street guide for travel buffs and everyone who enjoys the kaleidoscopic culture of Spain.
