Download or read book High Resolution Optical Surface Metrology with the Slope Measuring Portable Optical Test System written by Alejandro V. Maldonado and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New optical designs strive to achieve extreme performance, and continually increase the complexity of prescribed optical shapes, which often require wide dynamic range and high resolution. SCOTS, or the Software Configurable Optical Test System, can measure a wide range of optical surfaces with high sensitivity using surface slope. This dissertation introduces a high resolution version of SCOTS called SPOTS, or the Slope measuring Portable Optical Test System. SPOTS improves the metrology of surface features on the order of sub-millimeter to decimeter spatial scales and nanometer to micrometer level height scales. Currently there is no optical surface metrology instrument with the same utility. SCOTS uses a computer controlled display (such as an LCD monitor) and camera to measure surface slopes over the entire surface of a mirror. SPOTS differs in that an additional lens is placed near the surface under test. A small prototype system is discussed in general, providing the support for the design of future SPOTS devices. Then the SCOTS instrument transfer function is addressed, which defines the way the system filters surface heights. Lastly, the calibration and performance of larger SPOTS device is analyzed with example measurements of the 8.4-m diameter aspheric Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's (LSST) primary mirror. In general optical systems have a transfer function, which filters data. In the case of optical imaging systems the instrument transfer function (ITF) follows the modulation transfer function (MTF), which causes a reduction of contrast as a function of increasing spatial frequency due to diffraction. In SCOTS, ITF is shown to decrease the measured height of surface features as their spatial frequency increases, and thus the SCOTS and SPOTS ITF is proportional to their camera system's MTF. Theory and simulations are supported by a SCOTS measurement of a test piece with a set of lithographically written sinusoidal surface topographies. In addition, an example of a simple inverse filtering technique is provided. The success of a small SPOTS proof of concept instrument paved the way for a new larger prototype system, which is intended to measure subaperture regions on large optical mirrors. On large optics, the prototype SPOTS is light weight and it rests on the surface being tested. One advantage of this SPOTS is stability over time in maintaining its calibration. Thus the optician can simply place SPOTS on the mirror, perform a simple alignment, collect measurement data, then pick the system up and repeat at a new location. The entire process takes approximately 5 to 10 minutes, of which 3 minutes is spent collecting data. SPOTS' simplicity of design, light weight, robustness, wide dynamic range, and high sensitivity make it a useful tool for optical shop use during the fabrication and testing process of large and small optics.
Download or read book Optical Measurement of Surface Topography written by Richard Leach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement and characterisation of surface topography is crucial to modern manufacturing industry. The control of areal surface structure allows a manufacturer to radically alter the functionality of a part. Examples include structuring to effect fluidics, optics, tribology, aerodynamics and biology. To control such manufacturing methods requires measurement strategies. There is now a large range of new optical techniques on the market, or being developed in academia, that can measure areal surface topography. Each method has its strong points and limitations. The book starts with introductory chapters on optical instruments, their common language, generic features and limitations, and their calibration. Each type of modern optical instrument is described (in a common format) by an expert in the field. The book is intended for both industrial and academic scientists and engineers, and will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.
Download or read book Metrics for High quality Specular Surfaces written by Lionel R. Baker and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book supplies the optical component and systems designer, and quality assurance engineers and managers with the definitions, measurement principles, and standard metrics used to characterize high-quality specular surfaces. The author covers both the traditional visual methods as well as newer (but not necessarily better) computer-aided techniques and describes the metrics adopted by the new ISO standards, including the setting of form and finish tolerances. Key issues of industry are raised, to help stimulate research and development of new methods and standards that blend the best of the old and new approaches to surface assessment.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Surface Metrology written by Michael Quinten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a genuinely practical introduction to the most commonly encountered optical and non-optical systems used for the metrology and characterization of surfaces, including guidance on best practice, calibration, advantages and disadvantages, and interpretation of results. It enables the user to select the best approach in a given context. Most methods in surface metrology are based upon the interaction of light or electromagnetic radiation (UV, NIR, IR), and different optical effects are utilized to get a certain optical response from the surface; some of them record only the intensity reflected or scattered by the surface, others use interference of EM waves to obtain a characteristic response from the surface. The book covers techniques ranging from microscopy (including confocal, SNOM and digital holographic microscopy) through interferometry (including white light, multi-wavelength, grazing incidence and shearing) to spectral reflectometry and ellipsometry. The non-optical methods comprise tactile methods (stylus tip, AFM) as well as capacitive and inductive methods (capacitive sensors, eddy current sensors). The book provides: Overview of the working principles Description of advantages and disadvantages Currently achievable numbers for resolutions, repeatability, and reproducibility Examples of real-world applications A final chapter discusses examples where the combination of different surface metrology techniques in a multi-sensor system can reasonably contribute to a better understanding of surface properties as well as a faster characterization of surfaces in industrial applications. The book is aimed at scientists and engineers who use such methods for the measurement and characterization of surfaces across a wide range of fields and industries, including electronics, energy, automotive and medical engineering.
Download or read book Fringe 2009 written by Wolfgang Osten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-28 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21 years ago it was a joint idea with Hans Rottenkolber to organize a workshop dedicated to the discussion of the latest results in the automatic processing of fringe patterns. This idea was promoted by the insight that automatic and high precision phase measurement techniques will play a key role in all future industrial and scientific applications of optical metrology. A couple of months later more than 50 specialists from East and West met in East Berlin, the capital of the former GDR, to spend 3 days with the discussion of new principles of fringe processing. In the stimulating atmoshere the idea was born to repeat the workshop and to organize the meeting in an olympic schedule. And thus meanwhile 20 years have been passed and we have today Fringe number six. However, such a workshop takes place in a dynamic environment. Therefore the main topics of the previous events were always adapted to the most interesting subjects of the new period. In 1993 the workshop took place in Bremen and was dedicated to new principles of optical shape measurement, setup calibration, phase unwrapping and nondestructive testing, while in 1997 new approaches in multi-sensor metrology, active measurement strategies and hybrid processing technologies played a central role. 2001, the first meeting in the 21st century, was focused to optical methods for micromeasurements, hybrid measurement technologies and new sensor solutions for industrial inspection.
Download or read book Asphercial Metrology for Non Specular Surfaces with the Scanning Long Wave Optical Test System written by Tianquan Su and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aspherical optics are increasingly used these days. The application of aspherical surfaces on large, astronomical telescope mirrors brings challenge to the fabrication. Since the surface radius of curvature varies across the surface, the grinding/polishing tool needs to change its shape when working on different parts of the surface, making surface error more easily embedded into the surface. Therefore, a tighter test-fab loop is needed to guide the fabrication process. To maximize the accuracy during the grinding of the surface and to minimize the working time in the polishing stage, a better metrology device that can measure rough surface is needed to guide the grinding process. Scanning long-wave optical test system (SLOTS) is designed to meet this demand by providing accurate, fast, large dynamic range, and high spatial resolution measurements on rough optical surfaces (surface rms roughness
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Dimensional Metrology written by Kevin Harding and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their speed, data density, and versatility, optical metrology tools play important roles in today's high-speed industrial manufacturing applications. Handbook of Optical Dimensional Metrology provides useful background information and practical examples to help readers understand and effectively use state-of-the-art optical metrology methods
Download or read book Optical Metrology for Fluids Combustion and Solids written by Carolyn Mercer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Metrology for Fluids, Combustion and Solids is the first practical handbook that presents the assemblage of the techniques necessary to provide a basic understanding of optical measurement for fluids, combustion, and solids. The use of light as a measurement tool has grown over the past twenty years from a narrowly specialized activity to a mainstay of modern research today. Until recently, the knowledge that could be extracted from the light interaction of light with physical objects was limited to specialized activities. The invention of the laser, the computer and microelectronics has enabled a measurement revolution such that virtually every parameter of engineering interest can be measured using the minimally intrusive properties of light. The authors of this book's chapters are leaders in this revolution. They work on the front lines of research in government, industry, and universities, inventing yet more ways to harness the power of light for the generation of knowledge.
Download or read book Optical Metrology for Precision Engineering written by Wei Gao and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers the fundamentals of optical metrology for precision engineering. The next-generation measurement technologies based on ultrashort pulse laser and optical frequency comb are also presented, making it an essential reference book for various engineering fields. • Introduces fundamental theories and techniques • Combines theories with practical applications • Presents technologies in an easy-to-understand way
Download or read book Advances in Optical Surface Texture Metrology written by Richard Leach and published by Myprint. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Optical Surface Texture Metrology written by Richard Leach and published by IOP Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Optical Surface Texture Metrology covers the latest advances in the development of optical surface texture measuring instruments. Rather than concentrate on the basic principles of the optical measurement methods, this book takes a deeper dive into the operation of the instruments and the new application areas where they can be applied, with an emphasis on advanced manufacturing. Latest advances discussed will include the drive towards faster instruments for in-process applications, the ability to measure highly complex surfaces (in e.g. additive manufacturing) and advances in the use of machine learning to enhance data analysis. Key Features Cutting-edge advances in the field New ISO framework for calibration Includes advances in artificial intelligence Includes advances in in-process measurement
Download or read book Optical Metrology Roadmap for the Semiconductor Optical and Data Storage Industries written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Metrology written by Olivério D.D. Soares and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-06-30 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Viana do Castelo, Portugal, July 16-27, 1984
Download or read book Surface Metrology for Micro and Nanofabrication written by Wei Gao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Metrology for Micro- and Nanofabrication presents state-of-the-art measurement technologies for surface metrology in fabrication of micro- and nanodevices or components. This includes the newest general-purpose scanning probe microscopes, and both contact and non-contact surface profilers. In addition, the book outlines characterization and calibration techniques, as well as in-situ, on-machine, and in-process measurements for micro- and nanofabrication. Provides materials scientists and engineers with an informed overview of the state-of-the-art in surface metrology Helps readers select and design the optimized surface metrology systems and carry out proper surface metrology practices in the fabrication of micro/nano-devices and components Assesses the best techniques for repairing micro-defects
Download or read book Selected Papers on Optical Methods in Surface Metrology written by David J. Whitehouse and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1996 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in this volume include: comparison of interferometric contouring techniques; comparison of visibility of standard scratches; and near-grazing illumination and shadowing of rough surfaces.
Download or read book Optical Metrology for Transmission Interferometric Testing written by Kibyung Seong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degree of sophistication and customization available in optical components has been driven by advances in lens design and fabrication. The optical testing of these components remains a challenge. In particular, the precision measurement of the properties of transmissive optics such as transmitted wavefront, surface figure, and index of refraction continues to require new methodology tools. A method of surface figure measurement is described based on the transmitted wavefront of an optical element obtained from a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Given known values for the refractive index and center thickness, along with the sample's transmitted wavefront, the unknown surface profile is reconstructed in a deterministic way. The technique relies on knowledge of one of the surfaces of the element, such as an easy to measure plano or spherical surface, and is well-suited for testing aspheric surfaces. Additionally, this method has the advantage of making measurements on multiplexed surfaces, such as a lenslet array. Since the index of refraction of materials varies with wavelength, the test sample undergoes chromatic effects with wavelength. Chromatic aberration is an important concern whenever optics are designed for use in the visible spectrum. A method has been presented for obtaining the longitudinal chromatic aberration of a test part from the transmitted wavefronts at 5 different wavelengths. The longitudinal chromatic aberration measurements on a plano-convex lens and an achromat are presented. Injection molding is becoming a popular manufacturing method for optical plastic elements because of low cost and mass production. During injection molding, the plastic lenses undergo large pressure and temperature changes so that the resulting lens has a spatially-varying index. Since the index is assumed to be a single number in the design stage, except for index-gradient lenses, an inhomogeneous index of the sample can cause a decrease in optical performance. The surface reconstruction algorithm can be modified to find two dimensional index values over the test aperture. In this case, both surfaces are measured by an external interferometer and one unknown parameter is the index value.
Download or read book Optical Metrology written by Kjell J. Gåsvik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-11 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New material on computerized optical processes, computerized ray tracing, and the fast Fourier transform, Bibre-Bragg sensors, and temporal phase unwrapping. * New introductory sections to all chapters. * Detailed discussion on lasers and laser principles, including an introduction to radiometry and photometry. * Thorough coverage of the CCD camera.
