Download or read book High Precision Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gases Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy written by Michael Brian Esler and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Trace Gas Measurements Using Fourier Transform Infrared Solar Absorption Spectroscopy at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory written by Aldona Wiacek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic study showed that the effect of several different layering schemes (implicit retrieval constraints) on the retrieved vertical profile is less than 5% for N2O and HF, and less than 2% for NO, NO 2, CH4 and HCl; however, retrieved profiles of H2O showed differences up to 13% when the layering scheme was varied. A maximum tropospheric layer thickness of 0.8 km is inferred for accurate H2O retrievals. A new high-resolution (0.004 cm-1) research-grade Fourier transform spectrometer was installed at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO), and commissioned in October 2001. TAO fills a coverage gap in North America in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), and was accepted as a Complementary Station in March 2004 as a direct result of work presented in this thesis. Finally, the usefulness of Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) observations for studying different regions of the atmosphere was demonstrated by (1) documenting a limited sensitivity of ground-based measurements to mesospheric-lower thermospheric concentrations of NO, (2) correlating anomalously high stratospheric HCl, HF and O3 concentrations derived at TAO with the passage of a polar air filament above Toronto, and (3) showing very good agreement between monthly mean abundances of tropospheric CO between January 2002--September 2003 and spatially coincident MOPITT satellite measurements. Trace gas concentrations are derived using an existing Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) retrieval algorithm implemented at TAO as part of this work. A set of prior constraints necessary for retrievals of vertical profiles of trace gases using the OEM approach was optimized, and includes a priori volume mixing ratio profiles suited to TAO's location, and the prior and measurement noise covariances. A three-year time series of O3, NO. NO2, HCl, HF, N2O and CH4 (exhibiting the known seasonal cycles) was submitted to the NDACC database for long-terra monitoring, trend detection, and satellite validation purposes. A quantitative retrieval characterization was performed whereby the averaging kernels, weighting functions, measurement, smoothing and temperature error covariances of the retrievals of these seven gases were calculated. The degrees of freedom for signal ranged from 1.10 for NO2 to 4.12 for N2O.
Download or read book Atmospheric measurements of trace pollutants written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at Elevated Temperatures written by Mark P. Esplin and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although both Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide are minor constituents of the terrestrial atmosphere, they play leading roles in several current atmospheric problems. Both CO2 and N2O are greenhouse gases, and while it is known that the atmospheric concentrations of both gases is increasing, the impact of these trends on global temperature is not yet adequately understood. In addition to being a greenhouse gas, N2O plays an indirect part in ozone chemistry. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. Heating a molecule makes possible the observations of molecular transitions originating from highly excited rotation-vibration states. These observations can then be used to characterize the shape of the molecular potential function at increasing distances from the minimum of the potential function. The infrared spectra of linear molecules like CO2 and N2O are composed of vibration bands made up of a number of nearly equally spaced rotation lines. A Fourier Spectrometer is ideally suited to the study of high temperature gases since it meets both of these needs by providing high resolution over a wide spectral region.
Download or read book Technical Support for the Measurements of Atmospheric Gas Constituents Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements written by Thomas Foken and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 1761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Download or read book Handbook of High Resolution Infrared Laboratory Spectra of Atmospheric Interest 1981 written by Aaron Goldman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook presents spectra to be utilized for the detection and measurement of new constituents in the earth's atmosphere and to obtain data for common minor species with large gas amounts in the absorption cell (such as CH/sub 4/ and N/sub 2/O). These results can be applied in the identification of absorption features in atmospheric spectra determined over long atmospheric paths. The spectra were recorded with Fourier Transform Spectrometers which are more precise than grating spectrometers. Each molecule spectrum was plotted on two scales: a condensed scale covering the range from 75 to 300/cm in one frame, and an expanded view covering 20 or 10/cm per frame. Each plot contains the name of the molecule, chemical formula, the gas pressure, cell length, and estimated resolution of the spectrum.
Download or read book Biogenic Trace Gases written by P. A. Matson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace gases are those that are present in the atmosphere at relatively low concentrations. Small changes in their concentrations can have profound implications for major atmospheric fluxes, and thereore, can be used as indicators in studies of global change, global biogeochemical cycling and global warming. This new how-to guide will detail the concepts and techniques involved in the detection and measurement of trace gases, and the impact they have on ecological studies. Introductory chapters look at the role of trace gases in global cycles, while later chapters go on to consider techniques for the measurement of gases in various environments and at a range of scales. A how-to guide for measuring atmospheric trace gases. Techniques described are of value in addressing current concerns over global climate change.
Download or read book Infrared Methods for Gaseous Measurements written by Wormhoudt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-06-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume is an excellent resource for anyone who wants an in-depth understanding of current and emerging trends in gaseous measurement techniques. It provides both qualitative and quantitative introductions to the physics involved in using remote observations to collect data, and offers numerous examples that encourage new applications of existing technologies. Compiled by an authority on spectroscopy, chemical kinetics and infrared emissions from combustible sources, this volume compares burnoff flare and stack plume emission spectra with parametric calculations performed with equally high spectral resolution ... discusses sensitivity of spectra to source temperature, and behavior of emission and absorption linewidths with temperature ... reviews the emission-absorption techniques for determining temperature and species concentration profiles ... and much more. Infrared Methods for Gaseous Measurements is a vital research tool for photo-optical instrumentation engineers; electro-optical engineers; chemical, aerospace, automotive, combustion, environmental, and mechanical engineers; and technologists involved in radiation, infrared or laser research. The book also serves as an excellent resource for graduate molecular spectroscopy courses and postgraduate infrared technology seminars. Book jacket.
Download or read book Fourier Transform Infrared FT IR Spectroscopy of Trace Gases HCL and No of Relevance to Atmospheric Phenomena written by Abdullahi Hagi-Mohamud Aw-Musse and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations of Atmospheric Gases Using Fourier Transform Spectrometers written by Dejian Fu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing of atmospheric gases improves our understanding of the state and evolution of the Earth's environment. At the beginning of the thesis, the basic principles for the retrieval of concentrations of atmospheric gases from spectra are presented with a focus on ground-based observations. An overview of the characteristic features of different platforms, viewing geometries, measurement sites, and Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTSs) used in the measurements are provided. The thesis covers four main projects.
Download or read book Measurement of Climate relevant Trace Gases Via Infrared Spectroscopy written by Marc Christoph Geibel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work introduces a new fully automated FTIR system for ground-based total column measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gases. It is part of the Total Carbon Column Observation Network (TCCON), which has the main role to provide data for calibration and validation of satellite based measurements of greenhouse gases. This work describes the development of the system in three parts: design and setup, calibration, and testing. Chapter 2 describes the principal components and the design concept of the system. The focus lies on reliability and low maintenance effort to facilitate operation at remote sites. This is realized through the interaction of independent subsystems that are kept as simple as possible. Critical components are redundant as much as possible. To monitor the instrument's stability, the instrumental line shape of the FTIR is determined from HCl cell measurements. These measurements show that during a period of six months this ILS changes only slightly. From these results one can expect that -once aligned- the instrument will be very stable over long time periods. During the installation phase at Jena, Germany, the instrument measured columnaveraged XCO2 , XCO and XCH4 . Compared to ground-based in-situ CO2 VMR measurements, the FTIR total column XCO2 show an expected offset in the morning which mostly disappeared with the breakup of the nighttime planetary boundary layer. This effect demonstrates the reduced sensitivity of XCO2 measurements to mixing processes in the planetary boundary layer and confirms results of model simulations. Otherwise, the XCO2 measurements show a distinct diurnal cycle...
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Trace Gas Observations from the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory written by Jeffrey Ryan Taylor and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurement written by Dwayne Heard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all of the breakthroughs in understanding the atmospherehave been initiated by field observations, using a range ofinstrumental techniques. Developing or deploying instruments tomake further observations demands a thorough understanding of thechemical and spectroscopic principles on which such measurementsdepend. Written as an authoritative guide to the techniques of instrumentalmeasurement for the atmospheric scientist, research student orundergraduate, Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurementfocuses on the instruments used to make real time measurements ofatmospheric gas and aerosol composition. Topics covered include howthey work, their strengths and weaknesses for a particular task,the platforms on which they have been deployed and how they arecalibrated. It explains the fundamental principles upon which theinstrumental techniques are based (ie what property of a moleculecan be exploited to enable its detection), what limits instrumentalsensitivity and accuracy, and the information that can be gainedfrom their use.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Trace Gases by Ground Based Solar Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy written by Clare Paton-Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collaborative Study of Analysis of High Resolution Infrared Atmospheric Spectra Between NASA Langley Research Center and the University of Denver written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Langley-D.U. collaboration on the analysis of high resolution infrared atmospheric spectra covered a number of important studies of trace gases identification and quantification from field spectra, and spectral line parameters analysis. The collaborative work included: Quantification and monitoring of trace gases from ground-based spectra available from various locations and seasons and from balloon flights. Studies toward identification and quantification of isotopic species, mostly oxygen and Sulfur isotopes. Search for new species on the available spectra. Update of spectroscopic line parameters, by combining laboratory and atmospheric spectra with theoretical spectroscopy methods. Study of trends of atmosphere trace constituents. Algorithms developments, retrievals intercomparisons and automatization of the analysis of NDSC spectra, for both column amounts and vertical profiles. Goldman, Aaron Langley Research Center
