Download or read book High latitude climate change in a global coupled ocean atmosphere sea ice model with increased atmospheric CO2 written by W.M. WASHINGTON and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid Latitude Weather Patterns written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. The extent and thickness of sea ice is rapidly declining. Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region. Several hypotheses for how Arctic warming may be influencing mid-latitude weather patterns have been proposed recently. For example, Arctic warming could lead to a weakened jet stream resulting in more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Or Arctic sea ice loss could lead to an increase of snow on high-latitude land, which in turn impacts the jet stream resulting in cold Eurasian and North American winters. These and other potential connections between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather are the subject of active research. Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the National Research Council to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. A diverse array of experts examined linkages between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather patterns. The workshop included presentations from leading researchers representing a range of views on this topic. The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature. This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high-latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic-region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and/or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature/precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents.
Download or read book Impact of Atmospheric CO2 and Atlantic Arctic Gateway Evolution on Miocene Climate and Ocean Circulation Changes written by Akil Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Miocene (23.03-5.33 Ma) was a time period with a warmer climate than today. During this period, changes in ocean gateways and atmospheric CO2 levels largely control ocean circulation and climate changes. However, the underlying ocean processes and dynamics are poorly understood and it remains a challenge to simulate Miocene climate key characteristics such as pronounced polar warming and a reduced meridional temperature gradient. By applying state-of-the-art fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model approaches Miocene climate conditions at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations are simulated and thermohaline changes in response to the subsidence of Atlantic-Arctic gateways for various Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) and Fram Strait (FS) configurations are investigated. For a singular subsidence of the GSR, warming and a salinity increase in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean is detected. As convection sites shift to the north of Iceland, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is formed at cooler temperatures. The associated deep ocean cooling and upwelling of deep waters to the Southern Ocean surface can cause a cooling in the southern high latitudes. These characteristic responses to the GSR deepening are independent of the FS being shallow or deep. An isolated subsidence or widening of the FS gateway for a deep GSR shows less pronounced warming and salinity increase in the Nordic Seas. Arctic temperatures remain unaltered, but a stronger salinity increase is detected, which further increases the density of NADW. The increase in salinity enhances the contribution of NADW to the abyssal ocean at the expense of the colder southern source water component. These relative changes cause a negligible warming in the upwelling regions of the Southern Ocean. For a sill depth of ~1500 m, ventilation of the Arctic Ocean is achieved due to enhanced import of saline Atlantic water through a FS width of ~105 km. Moreover, at this width and depth, a modern-like three-layer stratification in the Arctic Ocean is detected. The exchange flow through FS is characterized by vertical separation of a low salinity cold outflow from the Arctic Ocean confined to a thin upper layer, an intermediate saline inflow from the Atlantic Ocean below and a cold bottom Arctic outflow. These characteristics are comparable to the present-day hydrography, in spite of significantly shallower and narrower FS configurations during the early Miocene, suggesting that the ventilation mechanisms and stratification in the Arctic Ocean have been similar. In simulations with different CO2 levels (280, 450 and 720 ppm) surface temperatures show the best fit to proxy reconstructions for atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 720 ppm, since in particular the high latitude cooling bias becomes least pronounced. For a CO2 increase from 280 to 450 ppm polar amplification is simulated in the northern high latitudes, which is stronger than for the same radiative CO2 forcing from 450 to 720 ppm. At higher CO2 levels the Miocene climate also shows a reduced climate sensitivity, since the warmest Miocene climate scenario with a CO2 level of 720 ppm is characterized by a seasonality breakdown in the Arctic Ocean. A pronounced warming in boreal winter is detected for a CO2 increase from 450 to 720 ppm, in contrast to a moderate boreal summer temperature increase. This change in the seasonal temperature signature is accompanied by a strong sea-ice concentration decline and enhanced moisture availability promotes cloud formation in the summer months. As a consequence the planetary albedo increases and dampens the temperature response to the CO2 forcing at a warmer Miocene background climate.
Download or read book The Regional Impacts of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Download or read book Arctic amplification Feedback process interactions and contributions written by Patrick Charles Taylor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global Cryosphere written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Arctic Basin written by Ivan E. Frolov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-25 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of authors from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St Petersburg, Russia, have all achieved individual doctoral theses on various aspects of Arctic and Antarctic research. This book is written by experienced group of researchers and authors.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Change written by Peter Lemke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: - Research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales - Representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models - Our understanding of the role of the Arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.
Download or read book Climate Change in the Polar Regions written by John Turner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions have experienced some remarkable environmental changes in recent decades, such as the Antarctic ozone hole, the loss of large amounts of sea ice from the Arctic Ocean and major warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. The polar regions are also predicted to warm more than any other region on Earth over the next century if greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise. Yet trying to separate natural climate variability from anthropogenic factors still presents many problems. This book presents a thorough review of how the polar climates have changed over the last million years and sets recent changes within a long term perspective. The approach taken is highly cross-disciplinary and the close links between the atmosphere, ocean and ice at high latitudes are stressed. The volume will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students in polar science, climatology, global change, meteorology, oceanography and glaciology.
Download or read book Decade to Century Scale Climate Variability and Change written by Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-08 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.
Download or read book Climate Change 2001 Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some issues addressed in this Working Group III volume are mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, managing biological carbon reservoirs, geo-engineering, costing methods, and decision-making frameworks.
Download or read book Entering America written by David B. Madsen and published by University of Utah Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides up-to-date information on the nature of environmental and cultural conditions in northeast Asia and Beringia (the Bering land bridge) immediately prior to the Last Glacial Maximum.
Download or read book Global Warming written by L. D. Danny Harvey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Warming: The Hard Science presents a comprehensive, qualitatively rigorous, and critical discussion of the science underlying the global warming issue. The major processes in the climate system needed to understand projected human-induced climatic change are presented in detail. Observational systems used to monitor changes in the climate system and the ways in which the raw data are analyzed in order to produce estimates of current trends are also critically reviewed. The author discusses the hierarchy of computer models used to project changes in the carbon cycle, in climate, and in sea level and examines the physical principles underlying the greenhouse effect and projected warming. The text also presents a detailed discussion of the carbon cycle, of climate sensitivity, and of projected patterns of climatic change through time. Sea level rise and issues of risk and potential surprises are also critically assessed. Emphasis is placed throughout on developing an intuitive understanding of those results that do not depend on the details of any one computer simulation model. A series of boxes illustrate the key points through step-by-step calculations.
Download or read book Observing Global Climate Change written by Kyrill Ya Kondratyev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collaborative book aims to offer a comprehensive introduction to global climate, the way it is currently changing, the role of earth, air and satellite observation and monitoring, and subsequent climate modelling. It focuses on the interaction between natural and anthropogenic human- made change factors. The book emphasizes the importance of capturing climatic data and the use of that data in computer-based climatic modelling.
