Download or read book High frequency Palaeoenvironmental Changes on a Shallow Carbonate Platform During a Marine Transgression Late Oxfordian Swiss Jura Mountains written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a well-established bio- and sequence-stratigraphic framework, a narrow time window in the Bimammatum ammonite zone (Late Oxfordian) is investigated in six Swiss Jura sections representing a shallow-water carbonate platform. From the detailed facies and microfacies analysis of oncoid-rich (Hauptmumienbank Member) and ooid-rich (Steinebach Member) limestones, a microfacies classification is established, depositional environments are interpreted, and a depositional model for the Swiss Jura platform is proposed. The sequence- and cyclostratigraphic interpretation has been performed for the transgressive part of the medium-scale sequence Ox6+, independently for each section, with a very high time resolution at the scale of elementary depositional sequences. The good correlation of the elementary and small-scale sequences between the six studied sections and the similar number of elementary sequences in all sections strongly suggest that allocyclic processes were involved in their formation. The hierarchically stacked depositional sequences (small-scale and elementary sequences) result from orbitally controlled sea-level changes with periodicities of 100 and 20 kyr, respectively. Thickness variations in the correlated small-scale and elementary sequences imply variable sedimentation rates, probably resulting from differential subsidence due to the activity of tectonic blocks. The tectonically controlled platform morphology contributed significantly to the general pattern of depositional environments and, combined with high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, created a complex facies distribution in time and space on the Swiss Jura carbonate platform.
Download or read book High frequency Palaeoenvironmental Changes in Mixed Carbonate siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems Late Oxfordian Switzerland France and Southern Germany written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this study is to monitor the highfrequency palaeoenvironmental changes occurring during a marine transgression in mixed carbonatesiliciclastic sedimentary systems. Based on a wellestablished bio- and sequence-stratigraphic framework, a narrow time window in the Bimammatum Zone of the Late Oxfordian is investigated. Seven shallow platform sections (Swiss Jura, Lorraine), two deep platform sections (Haute-Marne, Swabian Jura), and one basin section (SE France) have been logged and analysed in detail. Then, the deposits have been interpreted in terms of palaeoenvironments and sequence- and cyclostratigraphy with a high time resolution. Facies and microfacies analysis allows to propose depositional models for the Swiss Jura platform and the other studied areas. The highresolution sequence- and cyclostratigraphic analysis permits defining hierarchically stacked depositional sequences: medium-scale, small-scale, and elementary sequences, formed through orbitally controlled sealeve changes with periodicities of 400, 100, and 20 kyr, respectively. This study investigates deposits comprised in the first half of a medium-scale sequence, corresponding to two small-scale sequences, each composed of five elementary sequences. In the shallow platform sections, an elementary sequence generally consists of one to four beds including more or less developed marl intervals. In the deep platform sections, an elementary sequence generally consists of one or two limestone beds with a more or less developed marl interval. In the basin section, an elementary sequence is defined by one marl-limestone couplet. The good correlation of depositional sequences over long distances between the seven shallow platform sections and the similar number of elementary sequences in all sections are valuable arguments that allocyclic processes must have been involved in the formation of these depositional sequences. Additional factors such as the position on the platform and the pre-existi.
Download or read book Cyclostratigraphy and Astrochronology written by Michael Montenari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratigraphy and Time Scale, Volume Three in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Updated chapters include topics such as the Cyclostratigraphy of shallow-water carbonates – limitations and opportunities, Muschelkalk ramp cycles, Orbital Control on Paleozoic Source Rock Formation, and Cyclostratigraphy in different Jurassic carbonate ramps (Iberian Basin, NE Spain). Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica Through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at the fossil plant history of Antarctica and its relationship to the global record of environmental and climate change.
Download or read book High frequency Palaeoenvironmental Changes in Mixed Carbonate siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems Late Oxfordian Switzerland France and Southern Germany written by Stéphanie Védrine and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory written by W. Schwarzacher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-08-24 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclostratigraphy is concerned primarily with measuring geological time and the time units used in this approach are sedimentary cycles. Milankovitch cycles mark time intervals of tens of thousands to several millions of years. Such cycles are the result of variations in the Earth's position in relation to the Sun and these in turn determine the climatic variations. The Milankovitch theory was resurrected in the 1960's when evidence from Pleistocene deep sea sediments linked orbital variations and climate. This monograph discusses sedimentary cycles and their use in measuring geologic time. There is considerable effort made to clarify the term "sedimentary cycle", in particular, the two opposing concepts of cyclic stratification and event stratification. The recognition of sedimentary cycles and of Milankovitch cycles specifically, is considered and care is taken with the question of relating sediment thickness to time. Several examples from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous are given to show how cyclostratigraphy can be applied to current geological problems. This volume should be of interest to geologists involved with stratigraphical analysis and basin analysis.
Download or read book Eustasy High Frequency Sea Level Cycles and Habitat Heterogeneity written by Mu Ramkumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eustatic High-Frequency Sea Level Cycles and Habitat Heterogeneity: Basinal-Regional-Global Implications presents the current understanding and future directions of the research on Cretaceous sea level cycles in a single source. This reference work is for beginners, graduates, and postgraduates who are interested in the subject and intend to venture into serious research. This hybrid text/reference is for beginners, academics, and professionals who intend to document sea level dynamics on long and short time scales and resultant habitat and paleobiodiversity changes. Presents new and important regional geological knowledge with regard to the sedimentary basins of India Provides a one-stop-shop on high-frequency sea level cycles and fluctuations, and the impact created by tectonics and climatic cycles Contains reviews on the current status, case studies, and a look at future trends
Download or read book High resolution Chronostratigraphy of Palaeoecologic and Isotopic Changes in Shallow marine Carbonates Deciphering the Completeness of the Aptian Record in the Apennine Carbonate Platform southernItaly written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyclostratigraphic Timing of Sedimentary Processes an Example from the Berriasian of the Swiss and French Jura Mountains written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Berriasian Pierre-Châtel Formation in the Swiss and French Jura Mountains is dominated by shallow-marine carbonates that overlie lacustrine and marginal-marine sediments with a major transgressive surface. Detailed facies analysis of five sections allows the definition of elementary and small-scale depositional sequences, which commonly exhibit deepening- hallowing trends. Benthic foraminifera and rare ammonites on the platform, as well as a sequence-stratigraphic correlation with a well-dated deeper-water section, furnish the biostratigraphic framework. Thus, the large-scale sequence boundaries below and at the top of the Pierre-Châtel Formation can be correlated with dated boundaries in other European basins. This time constraint and the hierarchical stacking pattern on the platform as well as in the basin suggest that the sea-level fluctuations influencing the formation of the depositional sequences were controlled, at least partly, by Milankovitch cycles. The elementary sequences correspond to the 20 ky precession cycle, and the small-scale sequences to the 100 ky eccentricity cycle. Uncertainties in the definition of sequences exist if facies contrasts are too low to develop clearly marked sequence boundaries or maximum-flooding intervals. Nevertheless, a best-fit solution for the correlation of the small-scale sequences between the studied sections can be proposed. The lowermost three small-scale sequences of the Pierre-Châtel Formation are analyzed in detail. They are decompacted and correlated on the level of the elementary sequences. Within this relatively precise time frame, the flooding of the Jura platform (following the early Berriasian sea-level lowstand) can be monitored. It is seen that the transgression occurred stepwise: every 20 ky, a transgressive pulse established marine facies farther towards the platform interior. This study demonstrates that the cyclostratigraphical approach makes it possible to construct a narrow time frame, within which.
Download or read book Paleoenvironmental Evolution of the Helvetic Shallow water Carbonate Platform Near the Barremian Aptian Boundary and Its Relationship with Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatic Change in the Tethys written by Melody Stein and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Concise Geologic Time Scale written by J.G. Ogg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016 presents a summary of Earth's history over the past 4.5 billion years, as well as a brief overview of contemporaneous events on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs. Presents a summary of Earth's history over the past 4.5 billion years Includes a brief overview of contemporaneous events on the Moon, Mars, and Venus Includes full-color figures including charts, stratigraphic profiles, and photographs to enhance understanding of each geologic period Correlates regional geologic stages to the standard definitions approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy Offers an explanation of the methods used to create the time scale 2017 PROSE Award Finalist in Earth Science
Download or read book The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region written by A. H. F. Robertson and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1990 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of an International Discussion Meeting held at the Royal Society of Edinburgh form March 29-31st, 1988, sponsored by the Geological Society of London and Amoco Production Company (International)
Download or read book Ichnology written by Luis A. Buatois and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ichnology is the study of traces created in the substrate by living organisms. This is the first book to systematically cover basic concepts and applications in both paleobiology and sedimentology, bridging the gap between the two main facets of the field. It emphasizes the importance of understanding ecologic controls on benthic fauna distribution and the role of burrowing organisms in changing their environments. A detailed analysis of the ichnology of a range of depositional environments is presented using examples from the Precambrian to the recent, and the use of trace fossils in facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy is discussed. The potential for biogenic structures to provide valuable information and solve problems in a wide range of fields is also highlighted. An invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students in paleontology, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, this book will also be of interest to industry professionals working in petroleum geoscience.
Download or read book The Geology of Central Europe Precambrian and Palaeozoic written by Tom McCann and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishers Weekly Top 10 Best of the Year In her new collection, Story Prize finalist Maureen F. McHugh delves into the dark heart of contemporary life and life five minutes from now and how easy it is to mix up one with the other. Her stories are post-bird flu, in the middle of medical trials, wondering if our computers are smarter than us, wondering when our jobs are going to be outsourced overseas, wondering if we are who we say we are, and not sure what we'd do to survive the coming zombie plague. Praise for Maureen F. McHugh: "Gorgeously crafted stories."—Nancy Pearl, NPR "Hauntingly beautiful."—Booklist "Unpredictable and poetic work."—The Plain Dealer Maureen F. McHugh has lived in New York; Shijiazhuang, China; Ohio; Austin, Texas; and now lives in Los Angeles, California. She is the author of a Story Prize finalist collection, Mothers & Other Monsters, and four novels, including Tiptree Award-winner China Mountain Zhang and New York Times editor's choice Nekropolis. McHugh has also worked on alternate reality games for Halo 2, The Watchmen, and Nine Inch Nails, among others. io9 Best SF&F Books of 2011 Tiptree Award Honor List Philip K. Dick Award finalist Story Prize Notable Book
Download or read book The Coupled Evolution of the Biosphere and Global Marine Redox Conditions in the Late Silurian written by Chelsie Nicole Bowman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Silurian was a dynamic time of climatic transition punctuated by multiple biotic crises and global carbon cycle perturbations. The most severe of these biotic crises was the late Silurian (Ludfordian) Lau/Kozlowskii extinction event (LKE; 425 Ma), with a loss of ~23% of marine genera and a resurgence of abiotic and microbially-mediated carbonate facies. The LKE has been recognized as asynchronous for more than a decade, with benthic and nektonic fauna experiencing earlier extinctions than planktic fauna. The LKE preceded and partially coincided with an associated positive carbon isotope excursion, the Lau CIE, which is the highest-magnitude CIE in the Phanerozoic with average peak excursion values between +5 and +8‰. It has been suggested, but not directly tested, that both the Lau CIE and the LKE were the result of an expansion of reducing conditions in the Ludfordian global oceans. The mechanisms behind the temporal offset between the extinction and the CIE and the asynchronous nature of the extinction have also not been previously constrained. New records of the extinction and local and global marine paleo-redox change are presented herein from Ludfordian carbonate- and siliciclastic-dominated successions of multiple paleocontinents. For the first time biotic records of well-studied taxonomic groups affected by the LKE are compiled, highlighting the stepwise nature of the extinction. Global paleo-redox dynamics are first examined using a novel approach combining analyses of the stable isotopes of carbon, sulfur, and thallium. A positive excursion in thallium isotopes in the deep-water shales of the Baltic Basin (modern Scandinavia) records the earliest onset of global marine deoxygenation in the Ludfordian, which was coincident with the earliest extinction stages of the LKE and prior to the enhancement of organic carbon burial that fueled the Lau CIE. A large positive excursion in sulfur isotopes in the shallow water carbonates of the Baltic Basin was recorded parallel to the CIE as pyrite burial increased globally. This suggests an expansion of euxinia (anoxic and sulfidic water column) in the global oceans following the initial deoxygenation and concurrent with the later extinction stages of the LKE. Support for the expansion of reducing conditions in the late Silurian global oceans comes from the study of carbonate successions along the southern and western margins of the paleocontinent Laurentia (modern North America) where paired positive excursions in carbon and sulfur isotopes lend further evidence for the global enhancement of organic carbon and pyrite burial. Variability in local and regional paleo-redox dynamics in the Ludfordian have been explored along the southern Laurentian margin and in the Baltic and Prague basins. Low I/Ca ratios from the carbonates of southern Laurentia and the shallow shelf of the Baltic Basin indicate proximity to local/regional oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) concurrent with the global expansion of reducing conditions. High pyrite content in the carbonate strata of southern Laurentia and the Prague Basin (peri-Gondwanan terrane; modern Czech Republic) suggest that sulfidic sediment porewaters were common. Comparison of iron geochemistry and trace metal enrichments in the deep shelf of the Baltic Basin to that of modern OMZs imply that the basin may have been dominated by a nitrogenous OMZ throughout most of the Ludfordian. There is also a possible overprint of a global trace metal drawdown in the stratigraphic trends of trace metal enrichments from this locality that would have been coeval with the enhancement of pyrite burial and the expansion of euxinic conditions in the global oceans. Dynamics of the LKE event have been further explored through microfacies analyses and accounts of previously unreported microbially-mediated facies in Ludfordian carbonate successions. The LKE event is recorded in southern Laurentia as notable biotic reorganizations during the interval of the mid-Ludfordian when reducing conditions would have been the most prevalent in the global ocean. Flat-pebble conglomerate facies and possible microbial mats are reported from the carbonate strata of western Laurentia and the Prague Basin, ooids and micro-oncoids from southern Laurentia. The variety and pervasiveness of microbially-mediated carbonate facies associated with the LKE hint at the severity of the extinction and the restructuring of faunal communities that took place within carbonate platforms during the Ludfordian. Altogether, the geochemical, biotic, and lithologic data presented here represent the first proxy evidence linking the LKE event to the Lau CIE through the progressive expansion of anoxia, and later euxinia, across portions of the late Silurian oceans. This multi-proxy, multi-lithology approach provides a previously unmatched, holistic view of the dramatic changes in the late Silurian marine biosphere and global marine redox conditions.
Download or read book Impacts of Pliensbachian Toarcian Paleoenvironmental Changes on Shallow water Carbonate Environments in the NW Tethys written by Francois-Nicolas Krencker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geology of Iberia A Geodynamic Approach written by Cecilio Quesada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a new global approach, this unique book provides an updated review of the geology of Iberia and its continental margins from a geodynamic perspective. Owing to its location close to successive plate margins, Iberia has played a pivotal role in the geodynamic evolution of the Gondwanan, Rheic, Pangea, Tethys s.l. and Eurasian plates over the last 600 Ma of Earth's history. The geological record starts with the amalgamation of Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic succeeded by the rifting and spreading of the Rheic ocean; its demise, which led to the amalgamation of Pangea in the late Paleozoic; the rifting and spreading of several arms of the Neotethys ocean in the Mesozoic Era and their ongoing closure, which was responsible for the Alpine orogeny. The significant advances in the last 20 years have attracted international research interest in the geology of the Iberian Peninsula. This volume presents the most comprehensive, and updated description of the Alpine cycle in Iberia. This volume focuses in the different geological events during the Alpine orogeny as well as the lithological succession . This book is of interest not only for scientists of Portugal and Spain but also for geoscientists searching for analogies for oil and gas as well as tourists visiting the main mountain ridges of Iberia such as the Pyrenees.
