Download or read book High Energy Density Cathode Active Materials for Lithium ion Batteries written by Mehmet Nurullah Ates and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind and hydroelectric power are increasingly being developed as essential energy alternatives to alleviate the deleterious effects of greenhouse gases in the globe. Large scale energy storage is an indispensable component of renewable energy sources and in this context, Li-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their high energy and power densities and long cycle life, have spurred great interest. Current Li-ion battery technology employs lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO2, or one of its congeners, in which some of the Co is substituted with Ni and/or Mn as cathode active material. The deficiencies of LiCoO2 include: i-) low capacity with only 0.5 mole of Li+ is being reversibly used in the battery leading to 140 mAh/g discharge capacity at low to medium rates, ii-) high cost, and iii-) environmental concerns arising from the harmful physiological effects of Co metal. In order to overcome these deficiencies of LiCoO2, Li-rich layered metal dioxides, also known as layered-layered lithiated metal oxide composite compound, formulated as xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni or Co), have been proposed recently. This dissertation presents an account of investigations leading to advanced materials which overcome the deficiencies of this class of high energy density Li-ion battery cathodes. Chapter 1 discusses the fundamental aspects of generic battery systems and elaborates on the current state of the art of rechargeable Li batteries. Chapter 2 deals with the discovery of the material 0.3Li2MnO3.0.7LiNi0.5Co0.5O2 (LLNC) that allowed us to conclude which segment of the lithium rich layered composite metal oxide is responsible for structural transformation from the layered to spinel phase during charge/discharge cycling. The crystal structure and electrochemistry of this new cathode active material in Li cells have been compared to that of 0.3Li2MnO3.0.7LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2 (LLNMC). In LLNC, the removal of Mn from the LiMO2 (M=transition metal) segment allowed us to determine the identity of the manganese oxide moiety in it that triggers the layered to spinel conversion during cycling. The new material LLNC resists the layered to spinel structural transformation under conditions in which LLNMC does. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that both compounds, synthesized as approximately 300 nm crystals, have identical super lattice ordering attributed to Li2MnO3 existence. Using X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy we elucidated the oxidation states of the K edges of Ni and Mn in the two materials with respect to different charge and discharge states. The XAS data along with electrochemical results revealed that Mn atoms are not present in the LiMO2 structural segment in LLNC. Electrochemical cycling data from Li cells further revealed that the absence of Mn in the LiMO2 segment significantly improves the rate capabilities of LLNC with good capacity maintenance during long term cycling. Removing the Mn from the LiMO2 segment of lithium rich layered metal oxides appears to be a holistic strategy for improving the structural robustness and rate capabilities of these high capacity cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Chapter 3 examines the effect of alkali ion doping (Na+) into the cathode material of the composition 0.3Li2MnO3.0.7LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2 (LLNMC). The 5 wt. % Na doped material, formulated as 0.3Li2MnO3.0.7Li0.97Na0.03Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2, was compared to its counterpart without Na doping. The discharge rate capability of the LLNMC was greatly improved at both room temperature and 50 0C with the Na doping. The Na doped material exhibited significantly higher electronic conductivity than its un-doped analog as evidenced by dc electronic conductivity data and AC impedance of Li cells. Charge/discharge cycling results of Li cells containing these cathode materials at 50 0C indicated that the voltage decay of LLNMC, accompanied by a layer to spinel structural conversion, was mitigated with Na doping. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that ionic exchange of Na occurs upon contact of the cathode material with the electrolyte and produces a volume expansion of the crystal lattice which triggers a favorable metal (probably Ni) migration to Li depleted regions during electrochemical oxidation of Li2MnO3 in the first charge. X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) data showed that Na doped NMC has better Ni reduction efficiency to provide higher rate capability. Extended X-ray absorption fine spectra (EXAFS) data supported this conclusion by showing that in the case of Na doped LLNMC, the structure has a larger crystal cage allowing for better metal migration into the Li depleted regions located in the layered unit cell of C2/m space group. XANES of Mn K-edge supported by pre-edge analysis also revealed that during charging of the electrode, the Na doped NMC was oxidized to a higher Mn valence state compared to its undoped counterpart. The results of a comprehensive electrochemical and structural investigations of a wide range of lithium rich layered metal oxide cathode active materials, xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMnaNibCocO2 (where x, a, b and c vary) are reported in Chapter 4. In order to identify the cathode material having the optimum Li cell performance we first varied the ratio between Li2MnO3 and LiMO2 segments of the composite oxides while maintaining the same metal ratio residing within their LiMO2 segments. The materials with the overall composition 0.5Li2MnO3.0.5LiMO2 containing 0.5 mole of Li2MnO3 per mole of the composite metal oxide were found to be the optimum in terms of electrochemical performance. The electrochemical properties of these materials were further tuned by changing the relative amounts of Mn, Ni and Co in the LiMO2 segment to produce xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiMn0.50Ni0.35Co0.15O2 with enhanced capacities and rate capabilities. The rate capability of the lithium rich compound in which x=0.3 was further increased by preparing electrodes with about 2 weight-percent multiwall carbon nanotube in the electrode. Lithium cells prepared with such electrodes were cycled at the 4C rate with little fade in capacity for over one hundred cycles. In Chapter 5, the results of a new synthesis technique, called self-ignition combustion (SIC), that dramatically enhanced the rate capabilities of a lithium rich layered metal oxide compound we prepared are discussed. In this chapter, we report a high rate Li-rich layered manganese nickel cobalt (MNC) cathode material of the composition 0.5Li2MnO3.0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.35Co 0.15O2, termed SIC-MNC cathode material for Li-ion batteries with discharge capacities of 200, 250, and 290 mAh/g at C, C/4 and C/20 rates, respectively. This high rate discharge performance combined with little capacity fade during long term cycling is unprecedented for this class of Li-ion cathode materials. The exceptional electrochemistry of the Li-rich SIC-MNC in Li-ion cells is attributed to its open porous morphology and high electronic conductivity. The structure of the material investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with electrochemical data revealed that the porous morphology was effective in allowing electrolyte penetration through the particle grains to provide high Li+ transport in tandem with high electronic conductivity for high rate discharge. Extended cycling behavior and structural phase transition of the new material were further examined through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), XRD, XAS and HRTEM. The new SIC-MNC cathode represents the long sought after next generation cathode material for Li-ion batteries with pecific energy exceeding 400 Wh/kg or energy density over 1000 Wh/l. The conclusion and future directions are presented in Chapter 6.
Download or read book High Energy Density Lithium Batteries written by Katerina E. Aifantis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Engineering for High Density Energy Storage provides first-hand knowledge about the design of safe and powerful batteries and the methods and approaches for enhancing the performance of next-generation batteries. The book explores how the innovative approaches currently employed, including thin films, nanoparticles and nanocomposites, are paving new ways to performance improvement. The topic's tremendous application potential will appeal to a broad audience, including materials scientists, physicists, electrochemists, libraries, and graduate students.
Download or read book Lithium Ion Batteries written by Xianxia Yuan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a group of top scientists and engineers in academic and industrial R&D, Lithium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Materials and Technologies gives a clear picture of the current status of these highly efficient batteries. Leading international specialists from universities, government laboratories, and the lithium-ion battery industry share their knowledge and insights on recent advances in the fundamental theories, experimental methods, and research achievements of lithium-ion battery technology. Along with coverage of state-of-the-art manufacturing processes, the book focuses on the technical progress and challenges of cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, and separators. It also presents numerical modeling and theoretical calculations, discusses the design of safe and powerful lithium-ion batteries, and describes approaches for enhancing the performance of next-generation lithium-ion battery technology. Due to their high energy density, high efficiency, superior rate capability, and long cycling life, lithium-ion batteries provide a solution to the increasing demands for both stationary and mobile power. With comprehensive and up-to-date information on lithium-ion battery principles, experimental research, numerical modeling, industrial manufacturing, and future prospects, this volume will help you not only select existing materials and technologies but also develop new ones to improve battery performance.
Download or read book Na ion Batteries written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes – with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes – is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.
Download or read book Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems and Applications written by Jürgen Garche and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety of Lithium Batteries describes how best to assure safety during all phases of the life of Lithium ion batteries (production, transport, use, and disposal). About 5 billion Li-ion cells are produced each year, predominantly for use in consumer electronics. This book describes how the high-energy density and outstanding performance of Li-ion batteries will result in a large increase in the production of Li-ion cells for electric drive train vehicle (xEV) and battery energy storage (BES or EES) purposes. The high-energy density of Li battery systems comes with special hazards related to the materials employed in these systems. The manufacturers of cells and batteries have strongly reduced the hazard probability by a number of measures. However, absolute safety of the Li system is not given as multiple incidents in consumer electronics have shown. Presents the relationship between chemical and structure material properties and cell safety Relates cell and battery design to safety as well as system operation parameters to safety Outlines the influences of abuses on safety and the relationship to battery testing Explores the limitations for transport and storage of cells and batteries Includes recycling, disposal and second use of lithium ion batteries
Download or read book Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lithium-ion battery comprises essentially three components: two intercalation compounds as positive and negative electrodes, separated by an ionic-electronic electrolyte. Each component is discussed in sufficient detail to give the practising engineer an understanding of the subject, providing guidance on the selection of suitable materials in actual applications. Each topic covered is written by an expert, reflecting many years of experience in research and applications. Each topic is provided with an extensive list of references, allowing easy access to further information. Readership: Research students and engineers seeking an expert review. Graduate courses in electrical drives can also be designed around the book by selecting sections for discussion. The coverage and treatment make the book indispensable for the lithium battery community.
Download or read book Lithium Iron Phosphate A Promising Cathode Active Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries written by Gouri Cheruvally and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2008-04-26 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first development of lithium-ion batteries in the early 1990s, there have been tremendous advances in the science and technology of these electrochemical energy sources. At present, lithium batteries dominate the field of advanced power sources and have almost entirely replaced their bulkier and less energetic counterparts such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metalhydride batteries; especially in portable electronic devices. But lithium batteries are still the object of continuing intense research aimed at making further improvements in performance and safety, at lower cost, so as to make them suitable for higher-power and more demanding applications such as electric vehicles. The research and development of new electrode materials, particularly for cathodes, having an improved electrochemical performance has always been a matter of changing focus. Thus, olivine, lithium iron phosphate, has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a safe, environmentally friendly, extremely stable and very promising cathode material.
Download or read book Rechargeable Organic Batteries written by Yongzhu Fu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have reference on sustainable organic energy storage systems Organic electrode materials have the potential to overcome the intrinsic limitations of transition metal oxides as cathodes in rechargeable batteries. As promising alternatives to metal-based batteries, organic batteries are renewable, low-cost, and would enable a greener rechargeable world. Rechargeable Organic Batteries is an up-to-date reference and guide to the next generation of sustainable organic electrodes. Focused exclusively on organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries, this unique volume provides comprehensive coverage of the structures, advantages, properties, reaction mechanisms, and performance of various types of organic cathodes. In-depth chapters examine carbonyl-, organosulfur-, radical-, and organometallic complexes, as well as polymer-based active materials for electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. Throughout the book, possible application cases and potential challenges are discussed in detail. Presents advanced characterization methods for verifying redox mechanisms of organic materials Examines recent advances in carbonyl-based small-molecule cathode materials in battery systems including lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and aqueous zinc-ion batteries Introduces organosulfide-inorganic composite cathodes with high electrical conductivity and fast reaction kinetics Outlines research progress on radical electrode materials, polymer-based organic cathode materials, and the development of all-organic batteries Summarizes the synthesis processes, redox mechanisms, and electrochemical performance of different kinds of organic anode materials for metal-ion batteries Featuring a general introduction to organic batteries, including a discussion of their necessity and advantages, Rechargeable Organic Batteries is essential reading for electrochemists, materials scientists, organic chemists, physical chemists, and solid-state chemists working in the field.
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Alberto Berrueta and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-07-03 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to an in-depth look at the breakthroughs and challenges in the world of lithium batteries. This edited volume covers the history, current state, and future prospects of various aspects of lithium battery research. We explore the quest for higher energy and power density, better safety measures, and sustainable innovations driving the lithium battery revolution. The chapters address the challenges of anode materials, the crucial importance of safety, the specific needs of batteries for aerial electric vehicles, and advancements in lithium metal batteries. These chapters offer a thorough overview for enthusiasts, researchers, and industry experts. Key topics include nanostructuring, thermal runaway mitigation, 3D printing, and custom designs. This book provides insights into lithium battery technology and a roadmap towards sustainable, efficient, and innovative energy solutions. Discover the future of energy storage as we work together to advance lithium-ion battery technology.
Download or read book Handbook Of Solid State Batteries Second Edition written by Nancy J Dudney and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state batteries hold the promise of providing energy storage with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities at high power densities, yet with far less safety issues relative to those associated with conventional liquid or gel-based lithium-ion batteries. Solid-state batteries are envisioned to be useful for a broad spectrum of energy storage applications, including powering automobiles and portable electronic devices, as well as stationary storage and load-leveling of renewably generated energy. This comprehensive handbook covers a wide range of topics related to solid-state batteries, including advanced enabling characterization techniques, fundamentals of solid-state systems, novel solid electrolyte systems, interfaces, cell-level studies, and three-dimensional architectures. It is directed at physicists, chemists, materials scientists, electrochemists, electrical engineers, battery technologists, and evaluators of present and future generations of power sources. This handbook serves as a reference text providing state-of-the-art reviews on solid-state battery technologies, as well as providing insights into likely future developments in the field. It is extensively annotated with comprehensive references useful to the student and practitioners in the field.
Download or read book Batteries in a Portable World written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lithium Ion Batteries written by Masataka Wakihara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rechargeable Batteries with high energy density are in great demand as energy sources for various purposes, e.g. handies, zero emission electric vehicles, or load leveling in electric power. Lithium batteries are the most promising to fulfill such needs because of their intrinsic discharbe voltage with relatively light weight. This volume has been conceived keeping in mind selected fundamental topics together with the characteristics of the lithium ion battery on the market. It is thus a comprehensive overview of the new challenges facing the further development of lithium ion batteries from the standpoint of both materials science and technology. It will be useful for any scientist involved in the research and development of batteries in academia and industry, and also for graduate students entering the field, since it covers important topics from both fundamental and application points of view.
Download or read book Rechargeable Lithium Batteries written by Alejandro Franco and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: From Fundamentals to Application provides an overview of rechargeable lithium batteries, from fundamental materials, though characterization and modeling, to applications. The market share of lithium ion batteries is fast increasing due to their high energy density and low maintenance requirements. Lithium air batteries have the potential for even higher energy densities, a requirement for the development of electric vehicles, and other types of rechargeable lithium battery are also in development. After an introductory chapter providing an overview of the main scientific and technological challenges posed by rechargeable Li batteries, Part One of this book reviews materials and characterization of rechargeable lithium batteries. Part Two covers performance and applications, discussing essential aspects such as battery management, battery safety and emerging rechargeable lithium battery technologies as well as medical and aerospace applications. Expert overview of the main scientific and technological challenges posed by rechargeable lithium batteries Address the important topics of analysis, characterization, and modeling in rechargeable lithium batteries Key analysis of essential aspects such as battery management, battery safety, and emerging rechargeable lithium battery technologies
Download or read book Advanced Battery Materials written by Chunwen Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the latest R&D in electrochemical energy storage technologies for portable electronics and electric vehicle applications. During the past three decades, great progress has been made in R & D of various batteries in terms of energy density increase and cost reduction. One of the biggest challenges is increasing the energy density to achieve longer endurance time. In this book, recent research and development in advanced electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices is covered. Topics covered in this important book include: Carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries Lithium titanate-based lithium-ion batteries Rational material design and performance optimization of transition metal oxide-based lithium ion battery anodes Effects of graphene on the electrochemical properties of the electrode of lithium ion batteries Silicon-based lithium-ion battery anodes Mo-based anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries Lithium-sulfur batteries Graphene in Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Graphene-ionic liquid supercapacitors Battery electrodes based on carbon species and conducting polymers Doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage systems Processing of graphene oxide for enhanced electrical properties
Download or read book Potassium ion Batteries written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Potassium-ion batteries were first introduced to the world for energy storage in 2004, over two decades after the invention of lithium-ion batteries. Potassium-ion (or “K-ion”) batteries have many advantages, including low cost, long cycle life, high energy density, safety, and reliability. Potassium-ion batteries are the potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries, fueling a new direction of energy storage research in many applications and across industries. Potassium-ion Batteries: Materials and Applications explores the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of the next-generation energy technology of potassium-ion batteries. Also included is an in-depth overview of energy storage materials and electrolytes. This is the first book on this technology and serves as a reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, research scholars, faculty, and R&D professionals who are working in electrochemistry, solid-state science, material science, ionics, power sources, and renewable energy storage fields.
Download or read book Lithium Ion Batteries written by Masaki Yoshio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-17 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here in a single source is an up-to-date description of the technology associated with the Li-Ion battery industry. It will be useful as a text for researchers interested in energy conversion for the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy.
Download or read book Lithium Ion Batteries written by Yoshiaki Kato and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance secondary batteries, also called rechargeable or storage batteries, are a key component of electric automobiles, power storage for renewable energies, load levellers of electric power lines, base stations for mobile phones, and emergency power supply in hospitals, in addition to having application in energy security and realization of a low-carbon and resilient society. A detailed understanding of the physics and chemistry that occur in secondary batteries is required for developing next-generation secondary batteries with improved performance. Among various types of secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries are most widely used because of their high energy density, small memory effect, and low self-discharge rate. This book introduces lithium-ion batteries, with an emphasis on their overview, roadmaps, and simulations. It also provides extensive descriptions of ion beam analysis and prospects for in situ diagnostics of lithium-ion batteries. The chapters are written by specialists in cutting-edge research on lithium-ion batteries and related subjects. The book will be a great reference for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students, researchers, and engineers in electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and diagnostic methods and instruments.
