Download or read book Heritage Bridges of County Cork written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Encyclopaedia of World Bridges written by David McFetrich and published by Pen and Sword Transport. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges are one of the most important artefacts constructed by man, the structures having had an incalculable effect on the development of trade and civilisation throughout the world. Their construction has led to continuing advances in civil engineering technology, leading to bigger spans and the use of new materials. Their failures, too, whether from an inadequate understanding of engineering principles or as a result of natural catastrophes or warfare, have often caused immense hardship as a result of lost lives or broken communications. In this book, a sister publication to his earlier An Encyclopaedia of British Bridges (Pen & Sword 2019), David McFetrich gives brief descriptions of some 1200 bridges from more than 170 countries around the world. They represent a wide range of different types of structure (such as beam, cantilever, stayed and suspension bridges). Although some of the pictures are of extremely well-known structures, many are not so widely recognisable and a separate section of the book includes more than seventy lists of bridges with distinctly unusual characteristics in their design, usage and history.

Download or read book Ireland s Bridges written by Ronald Cox and published by Wolfhound Press (IE). This book was released on 2003 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that there are 30,000 bridges in Ireland. "Ireland's Bridges seeks to explore the design and construction of these bridges throughout Ireland's history and covers all areas of the Irish landscape.

Download or read book Eighteenth Century Ireland Georgian Ireland written by Desmond Keenan and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18th century tended to be neglected by Irish historians in the 20th century. Irish achievements in the 18th century were largely those of Protestants, so Catholics tended to disregard them. Catholic historians concentrated on the grievances of the Catholics and exaggerated them. The Penal Laws against Catholics were stressed regardless of the fact that most of them affected only a small number of rich Catholics, the Catholic landowners who had sufficient wealth to raise a regiment of infantry to fight for the Catholic Stuart pretenders. The practice of the Catholic religion was not made illegal. Catholic priests could live openly and have their own chapels and mass-houses. As was the law at the time, the ordinary workers, Catholic or Protestant, had no vote, and so were ignored by the political classes. Nor had they any ambitions in the direction of taking control of the state. If they had local grievances, and in many places they had, especially with regard to rents and tithes, they dealt with them locally, and often brutally, but they were not trying to overthrow the Government. If some of them looked for a French invasion it was in the hope that the French would bring guns and powder to assist them in their local disputes. It is a peculiarity, as yet unexplained, that most of the Catholic working classes, by the end of the century, had names that reflected their ancestry as minor local chiefs. The question remains where did the descendants of the former workers, the villeins and betaghs go? The answer seems to be that in times of war and famine the members of even the smallest chiefly family stood a better chance of surviving. This would explain the long-standing grievance of the Catholic peasants that they were unjustly deprived of their land. We will perhaps never know the answer to this question. Penal Laws against religious minorities were the norm in Europe. The religion of the state was decided by the king according to the adage cuius regio eius religio (each king decides the state religion for his own kingdom). At the end of the 17th century, the Catholic landowners fought hard for the Catholic James II. But in the 18th century they lost interest and preferred to come to terms with the actually reigning monarch, and became Protestants to retain their lands and influence. Unlike in Scotland, support for the Catholic Stuarts remained minimal. Nor was there any attempt to establish in independent kingdom or republic. When such an attempt was made at the very end of the century it was led by Protestant gentlemen in imitation of their American cousins. Ireland in the 18th century was not ruled by a foreign elite like the British raj in India. It was an aristocratic society, like all the other European societies at the time. Some of these were descendants of Gaelic chiefs; some were descendants of those who had received grants of confiscated land; some were descendants of the moneylenders who had lent money to improvident Gaelic chiefs. Together these formed the ruling aristocracy who controlled Parliament and made the Irish laws, controlled the army, the judiciary and the executive. Access to this elite was open to any gentleman who was willing to take the oath of allegiance and conform to the state church, the Established Church but not the nonconformists. British kings did not occupy Ireland and impose foreign rule. Ireland had her own Government and elected Parliament. By a decree of King John in the 12th century, the Lordship of Ireland was annexed to the person of the king of England. When not present in Ireland in person, and he rarely was, his powers were exercised by a Lord Lieutenant to whom considerable executive power was given. He presided over the Irish Privy Council which drew up the legislation to be presented to the Irish Parliament. One restraint was imposed on the Irish Parliament. By Poynings’ Law it was not allowed to pass legislation that infringed on the rights of the king or his English Privy Council. The British Parliament had no interest in the internal affairs of Ireland. The Irish Council were free to devise their own legislation and they did so. The events in Irish republican fantasy are examined in detail. The was no major rebellion against alleged British rule. The vast majority of Catholics and Protestants rallied to the support of their lawful Government. The were local uprisings easily suppressed by the local militias and yeomanry. Atrocities were not all on one side. Ireland at last enjoyed a century of peace with no wasteful and destructive wars within its bounds. No longer were its crops burned, its buildings destroyed, its cattle driven off, its population reduced by fever and famine. Its trade was resumed and gradually wealth accumulated and was no longer dispersed on local wars. Gentlemen, as in England, could afford to build great country and town houses. The arts flourished as never before. Skilled masons could build great houses. Stone cutters could carve sculptures. The most delicate mouldings could be applied to ceilings. The theatre flourished. While some gentlemen led the life of wastrels, others devoted themselves to the promotion of agriculture and industry. Everywhere mines were dug to exploit minerals. Ireland had not the same richness of minerals as England, but every effort was made to find and exploit them. Roads were improved, canals dug, rivers deepened, and ports developed. Market towns spread all over Ireland which provided local farmers with outlets for their produce and increased the wealth of the landlords. This wealth was however very unevenly spread. The population was ever increasing and the poor remained miserably poor. In a bad year, hundreds of thousands of the very poor could perish through cold and famine. But the numbers of the very poor kept on growing. Only among the Presbyterians in Ulster was there emigration on any scale. Even before the American Revolution they found a great freedom and greater opportunities in the American colonies. Catholics, were born, lived and died in the same parish. Altogether it was a century of great achievement.

Download or read book Where Bridges Stand written by Antóin O'Callaghan and published by History Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people remember the flooding of Cork in 2009 and the tremendous damage that was caused. Less well-known is that this was not the first time this had happened. On 1 November 1853 another flood of immense proportions poured into the city from the west. On that occasion the main bridge in the city, St Patrick's Bridge, was swept away and with it the lives of between fifteen and twenty people. Where Bridges Stand: The River Lee Bridges of Cork City tells the story of how the city grew around, and in harmony with, the bridges that span the twin channels of the River Lee, the people and the historical contexts associated with the building projects that saw Cork grow from a medieval walled town to the thriving commercial port and modern city that it is today.

Download or read book The Heritage of Ireland written by Colin Rynne and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over sixty contributors examine Ireland's heritage from a management perspective: natural, man-made, and cultural heritage (archaeology, architecture, language, wildlife, etc.); conservation and interpretation (museology, archives, libraries, etc.);

Download or read book West Cork Through Time written by Kieran McCarthy and published by Amberley Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating selection of photographs traces some of the many ways in which West Cork has changed and developed over the last century.

Download or read book Bridges of Dublin written by Annette Black and published by Four Courts Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid history of Dublin unfolds in this exploration of more than 1,000 years of bridges over the river Liffey. From the time of the Vikings and their simple wooden bridge, through Dublin's late 17th-century expansion, when four new bridges were built within 14 years, to the iconic Ha'penny Bridge, the story of a city and its bridges is told. Dublin's bridges are not mere structures. They are monuments to heroes and heroines, celebrations of a great literary heritage, romantic reminders of gentler times, and futuristic style statements of a city's confidence in itself. They are portals to the city's past, revealing tales of bloody battles, political intrigue, innovative engineers and architects, dubious developers, and romantic liaisons. From the oldest surviving, Mellows Bridge of 1768, to the newest, the Rosie Hackett Bridge of 2014, all 24 bridges and those they replaced are eloquently described. Striking photographs, reproductions of old maps, and illustrations, along with suggested walking tours, complement the remarkable story of the bridges of Dublin. Lavishly illustrated, the book is essential for all those who are interested in this important part of Dublin's history. *** "This glorious volume, a perfect gift for all ages, will be treasured for generations. We only wish these bridges could talk!" -- Celtic Connection, August 2016 [Subject: History, Irish Studies, Architecture]

Download or read book Heritage Houses of County Cork written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ireland written by Ronald C. Cox and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1998 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil Engineering Heritage: Ireland covers the areas of Ulster in the north through to Munster in the south, Leinster in the east and midlands and Connaught in the west. It describes some of the achievements of such famous names as Alexander Nimmo, William Barrington, Charles Langor and John Killaly and many others. This book is heavily illustrated and contains location maps for each chapter. The items have been selected in order to illustrate some aspect of the historic development of civil engineering skills or in the scope of activity undertaken by the civil engineering profession.

Download or read book Arch 01 written by C. Abdunur and published by Presses des Ponts. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les ponts en arc font actuellement face au double défi de protéger leur patrimoine et de rivaliser avec d'autres formes plus récentes de structures. La conservation des ponts en arc implique de multiples impératifs : une politique saine d'inspection et de suivi, des méthodes précises d'investigation, une évaluation fiable et un éventuel diagnostic, des moyens efficaces de maintenance, de réparation, de renforcement et d'élargissement. Pendant que des ouvrages existants sont réparés et revalorisés, de nouveaux ponts en arc, de -nies traditionnelles et à " l'échelle humaine ", continuent à se construire, en utilisant des matériaux et procédés améliorés et rentables, assurant longévité et respect de l'environnement. Au premier plan de cette continuité, les concepteurs des ponts en béton, dans les hémisphères Nord et Sud, s'efforcent avec succès de réaliser des portées en arc de plus en plus longues, frôlant les 400 mètres dans les années 1980. Récemment, sur d'autres sites spectaculaires, des records de portées ont été battus par trois ponts en arc respectivement en pierre, en béton, en tubes d'acier remplis de béton. Une telle avancée ne manquera pas d'inciter les ingénieurs à rechercher des formes d'arc encore plus audacieuses et élégantes. Sur le large éventail des thèmes proposés, de nombreux auteurs, de plus de vingt-cinq pays, ont apporté des contributions majeures rappelant que les ponts en arc n'ont rien perdu de leur actualité et que, malgré les leçons assimilées de leur prestigieux héritage, leur conception stimule toujours la créativité des ingénieurs et des architectes. Ces contributions sont réunies dans le présent volume édité à l'occasion de la Troisième Conférence internationale sur les Ponts en Arc, tenue à Paris en septembre 2001. Arch bridges face at present the double challenge of protecting their heritage and competing with other more recent structural forms. The conservation of the arch bridge heritage successively requires sound inspection and monitoring policies, accurate investigative methods, reliable assessment and eventual diagnosis, efficient means for maintenance, repair, strengthening and widening. While existing structures are being repaired and upgraded, new arch bridges, of traditional forms and on a "human scale", continue to be constructed, using improved and cost-effective materials and procedures, ensuring longevity and respect for the environment. In the forefront of this continuity, concrete bridge designers, in the northern and southern hemispheres, have successfully been striving for ever larger arch spans, closely approaching 400 m in the 1980's. Lately, at other spectacular sites, span records were beaten in three arch bridges respectively using stone, concrete and slender concrete-filled steel tubes. This breakthrough may encourage engineers to seek more daring and elegant forms of arch. On the broad spectrum of the suggested topics, numerous authors, from more than twenty-five countries, have recently offered major contributions, reminding that arch bridges have nothing lost of their appeal and that, for all the lessons learnt from their prestigious heritage, their design still simulates the creativity of engineers and architects. These contributions are put together in the present volume edited on the occasion of the Third International Arch Bridge Conference held in Paris in September 2001.

Download or read book A Monastic Landscape written by Dr Breda Lynch and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2010-11-05 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is primarily a study of the various aspects of the use and situation of the land held by the Cistercian order in medieval Leinster. A number of key topics form the central elements of this study. These include an examination of the physical landscape into which the Cistercian order settled and the changes that occurred within that landscape during the later medieval era. The book examines whether the location of the monasteries indicated any underlying nuances or if the monks were happy to settle wherever they were given land. The involvement of the Cistercian order in the agricultural and economic life of Leinster is also examined. A breakdown of the acreage and land type that the monasteries possessed is presented and, in the final section the state of the monasteries immediately prior to the dissolution of the religious houses in the period 1536-41 is determined. With regard to this final section the areas of interest are in relation to the physical remains of the monasteries, the productivity or otherwise of the associated lands, the organisation and location of that land and the general attitude of the Cistercian monks at that particular time in history. There are many different areas of study that were examined. These include the identification of the lands, the land type and trends or differences in this type when compared with other parts of the country. The organisation of the land and the uses of it in relation to the monastery are an essential aspect of the work and is possible to identify economic and social change by discussing the uses of that land. The identification of granges and grange buildings was not originally intended as part of this work, however, research has allowed some evidence to emerge in relation to these buildings and is included. In relation to the approach, a short chapter outlining the origins of monasticism and the emergence of the Cistercian Order is included. A brief outline of the governing rules of the Cistercians is included in chapter one as is a short discussion on the spread of the order up to its arrival in Ireland. The second chapter is merely intended to give an idea of the pattern of the distribution of the Cistercian monasteries in Ireland. Most of the information is in table form giving the monastery, its location, date of foundation and founder. From this a number of observations are be made. The principal area of study is Leinster, therefore chapter three deals with this territory, discussing its boundaries, both internal and external and the kingdoms that made up medieval Leinster. The fact that the monasteries of Leinster were situated in very well defined territories means that, although the study is of Leinster as a whole, these smaller, somewhat independent units were still an important element in both the landscape and the social framework of the period. As such, it was necessary to ensure that each of these units was represented in any category of study. The location of the monasteries is the focus of the second portion of chapter three. Both the natural and man-made features of the landscape are examined here. The proximity of road and route ways to the monasteries has been mapped and discussed and any trends or patterns commented upon. Chapter four deals with the monastic complex and the associated features. It discusses the way in which the monastery and its lands were organised and the reasons for this. This chapter deals more with the day-to-day requirements of the monks and indicates how both the land and the buildings within the complex were equally important and key elements in the functioning of the monasteries. Following from chapter four, and keeping earlier comments in mind, the next portion of the work deals with other land that particular monasteries may have held at any time from foundation up to the time when the extents of the monastic possessions were drawn up. Instead of looking

Download or read book An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Structures Within the Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor written by Gray Fitzsimons and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sweet Cork of Thee written by Robert Gibbings and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Old World Colony written by David Dickson and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a groundbreaking study of Cork's rise from insignificance to international importance as a city and port, and of South Munster's development from agricultural hinterland to one of early modern Ireland's wealthiest regions and a symbol of a new commercial order. Reconstructing the framework of a pre-modern regional society in a way never before attempted for Ireland, Old World Colony integrates social, economic, and political history across the heartlands of "the Hidden Ireland" from the seventeenth century's civil wars to Catholic emancipation in the 1820s. Dickson shows that colonization and commerce transformed the region, but at a price: even in South Munster's formative years, the problems of pre-Famine Ireland-gross income inequality and land scarcity-were already evident. Co-published with Cork University Press, Ireland Wisconsin edition for sale only in the U.S., its territories and possessions, and Canada. "A masterful account. . . . So finely nuanced and meticulously researched that it effectively raises the historiographical bar for Irish regional history."--James G. Patterson, H-Atlantic, H-Net Reviews

Download or read book Hawkeye Heritage written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Irish Stone Bridges written by Peter O'Keeffe and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original Notes: Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Appendum -- Index.