Download or read book Heavy Metal Contaminants in Urban Gardens written by Tara Geiger and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many benefits of gardens are well-documented, with such spaces especially important in urban settings where gardening can play a critical role in food access and community-building. However, benefits of urban gardening must be balanced with potential risks of exposure to contaminants that can be present in urban soils, including heavy metals. This research assessed concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in gardens in Laramie, Wyoming, and evaluated gardeners’ knowledge and practices related to soil contamination. It also explored the effects of biochar, compost, and Miracle-Gro All Purpose Plant FoodTM on soil properties, availability of Pb in soil, and uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus, L.) using Pb-contaminated soil. Overall knowledge of soil contamination was low among gardeners. Sampled soils were below EPA Regional Screening Level maximums, however elevated Pb concentrations in residential gardens underscored the need for increased awareness. The greenhouse experiment showed biochar-amended soil reduced soil Pb availability and uptake by radish through effective sorption, but should be used in combination with other organic amendments to avoid soil nitrogen (N) deficiencies. A reduction in soil available Pb was also observed in compost-amended soil, likely attributable to plant uptake, as radishes grown with compost had significantly more Pb per plant than unamended and biochar-amended soils. Miracle-Gro increased both soil Pb availability and plant uptake. This study recommends that gardeners follow a set of formulated recommendations to minimize Pb exposure and reduce Pb uptake in plants used for human consumption.
Download or read book Growing Greens and Soiled Soil written by Jennifer Gorospe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As urban dwellers prioritize eating locally grown foods to reduce environmental impacts, benefit the local economy, and bring fresh produce to the table, urban gardening has emerged as a popular approach to improving food security. Researchers have shown previously that urban landscapes can accumulate environmental toxins at levels that may be unsafe for human health, with socioeconomically disadvantaged communities often shouldering an unequal burden of exposure. In order to identify and predict likely risk to gardeners, in this study, soil samples from 91 vegetable gardens in the city of San Francisco were analyzed for 16 heavy metals. A majority of the gardens exceeded the California Human Health Screening Level for arsenic (74%), cadmium (84%), and lead (62%), including nine gardens with lead levels above the hazardous toxic waste threshold for California. Cadmium and lead concentrations increased with home age, suggesting that older house paint is a major source of these metals. Contrary to findings in many other cities, the majority of gardens with hazardous lead levels in San Francisco were located in higher income and predominantly White neighborhoods, with no associations found with existing industrial contamination. Encouragingly, community gardens and raised beds had significantly lower average metal concentrations than backyard and in-ground gardens, respectively. Overall, the goal of this study is to illustrate the importance of providing access to soil testing and related education in order to support urban gardeners in their efforts to grow and consume healthy produce.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils written by Brian J. Alloway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the book has been completely re-written, providing a wider scope and enhanced coverage. It covers the general principles of the natural occurrence, pollution sources, chemical analysis, soil chemical behaviour and soil-plant-animal relationships of heavy metals and metalloids, followed by a detailed coverage of 21 individual elements, including: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, tin, tungsten, uranium, vanadium and zinc. The book is highly relevant for those involved in environmental science, soil science, geochemistry, agronomy, environmental health, and environmental engineering, including specialists responsible for the management and clean-up of contaminated land.
Download or read book Cities Farming for the Future written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN URBAN SOIL written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) are three common non-essential heavy metals found in urban soils and can prove toxic to animals, humans, and some plants at low concentrations. The main exposure pathways of heavy metals in humans are through ingestion and inhalation of soil particles and ingestion of contaminated food. When dealing with contaminated soil in urban environments, activities like urban gardening can increase the likelihood of these exposure pathways, so heavy metal toxicity from contaminated soil can become a greater risk with the increased interest in urban agriculture. The US EPA created target concentrations for these heavy metals in residential soil, industrial soil, and agricultural soil. If any of these soils exceed their designated concentration, the US EPA has deemed them hazardous to both human health and the surrounding ecosystem. Phytoextraction is being considered and tested as a method to remove heavy metal pollution in urban soils. Two popular forms of phytoextraction are 1) using hyperaccumulator plants and 2) chelate-assisted phytoextraction using metal tolerant species. Hyperaccumulating plants can bioaccumulate 100 to 1000 times the heavy metal concentration of non-hyperaccumulators but have low biomass production/growth rates and are heavy metal specific. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction has higher a growth rate and biomass production, but can be expensive, has a stronger potential for heavy metal trophic transfer, and can lead to leaching of heavy metals off of the contaminated site. Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating plant species may pose less risk and be suited for smaller sites with specific heavy metal pollution whereas chelate-assisted phytoextraction may be a better approach for large sites with time sensitive phytoextraction needs, but because this method posed may risks, it needs to be highly monitored.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a description of the various sources and factors influencing the contents of heavy metal pollution in post-catastrophic and agricultural soils, subsequent chapters examine soil enzymes and eggs as bio-monitors, lead adsorption, the effects of arsenic on microbial diversity, and the effects of Mediterranean grasslands on abandoned mines. A third section focuses on the adaptation strategies used by plants and bacteria, such as Pinus sylvestris in industrial areas, and the rhizosphere in contaminated tropical soils and soil treated with sewage sludge. Further topics addressed include strategies of bioremediation, e.g. using transgenic plants as tools for soil remediation. This new volume on heavy metals in soil will be of interest to researchers and scholars in microbial and plant biotechnology, agriculture, the environmental sciences and soil ecology.
Download or read book Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants written by N. W. Lepp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace metals occur as natural constituents of the earth's crust, and are ever present constituents of soils, natural waters and living matter. The biological significance of this disparate assemblage of elements has gradually been uncovered during the twentieth century; the resultant picture is one of ever-increasing complexity. Several of these elements have been demonstrated to be essential to the functions of living organisms, others appear to only interact with living matter in a toxic manner, whilst an ever-decreasing number do not fall conveniently into either category. When the interactions between trace metals and plants are considered, one must take full account of the known chemical properties of each element. Consideration must be given to differences in chemical reactivity, solubility and to interactions with other inorganic and organic molecules. A clear understanding of the basic chemical properties of an element of interest is an essential pre-requisite to any subsequent consideration of its biological significance. Due consideration to basic chemical considerations is a theme which runs through the collection of chapters in both volumes.
Download or read book Description and Sampling of Contaminated Soils written by J. Russell Boulding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of EPA's bestselling book, Description and Sampling of Contaminated Soils: A Field Guide, Second Edition, has been revised and significantly expanded over the original edition. An ideal reference for anyone involved in site investigations, this guide describes how to determine the amount and extent of soil contamination and potential for movement of contaminants in the soil and groundwater. It contains checklists, tables, and step-by-step descriptions of methods and procedures for: Cost-effective, detailed site investigations for evaluating the potential for contaminant transport Field collection of information on soil engineering properties required for remediation selection and design This guide also features an adaptation of soil description procedures used by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) for investigating contaminated sites. The SCS soil description and classification procedures, when used in combination with the Unified Soil Classification System currently used by geologists and engineers, greatly improves contaminated site assessments.
Download or read book Contaminated Urban Soils written by Helmut Meuser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 50% of the world’s population already living in towns and cities, migration from rural areas continuing at an alarming rate in developing countries and suburbanisation using more and more land in developed countries, the urban environment has become supremely important with regard to human health and wellbeing. For centuries, urbanisation has caused relatively low level soil conta- nation mainly by various wastes. However, from the time of the Industrial Revolution onwards, both the scale of urban development and the degree of soil contamination rapidly increased and involved an ever widening spectrum of c- taminants. With constraints on the supply of land for new urban development in many countries, it is becoming increasingly necessary to re-use previously dev- oped (brownfield) sites and to deal with their accompanying suites of contaminants. It is therefore essential to fully understand the diversity and properties of urban soils, to assess the possible risks from the contaminants they contain and devise ways of cleaning up sites and/or minimizing hazards. The author, Helmut Meuser, is Professor of Soil Protection and Soil Clean-up at the University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück and is one of Europe’s foremost experts on contamination from technogenic materials in urban soils. He has many years’ experience of research in Berlin, Essen, Osnabrück, other regions of Germany, and several other countries.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil written by Elham Asrari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource
Download or read book Trace Elements in Soils written by Peter Hooda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-13 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace elements occur naturally in soils and some are essential nutrients for plant growth as well as human and animal health. However, at elevated levels, all trace elements become potentially toxic. Anthropogenic input of trace elements into the natural environment therefore poses a range of ecological and health problems. As a result of their persistence and potential toxicity, trace elements continue to receive widespread scientific and legislative attention. Trace Elements in Soils reviews the latest research in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, analysis, fate and regulation of trace elements in soils, as well as remediation strategies for contaminated soil. The book is divided into four sections: • Basic principles, processes, sampling and analytical aspects: presents an overview including general soil chemistry, soil sampling, analysis, fractionation and speciation. • Long-term issues, impacts and predictive modelling: reviews major sources of metal inputs, the impact on soil ecology, trace element deficient soils and chemical speciation modelling. • Bioavailability, risk assessment and remediation: discusses bioavailability, regulatory limits and cleanup technology for contaminated soils including phytoremediation and trace element immobilization. • Characteristics and behaviour of individual elements Written as an authoritative guide for scientists working in soil science, geochemistry, environmental science and analytical chemistry, the book is also a valuable resource for professionals involved in land management, environmental planning, protection and regulation.
Download or read book Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World written by Ernest K. Yanful and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first edited compilation of selected, refereed papers submitted to ERTEP 2007. The selected papers either dealt with technologies or scientific work and policy findings that address specific environmental problems affecting humanity in general, but more specifically, people and ecosystems in developing countries. It was not necessary for the work to have been done in a developing country, but the findings and results must be appropriate or applicable to a developing country setting. It is acknowledged that environmental research, technology applications and policy implementation have been demonstrated to improve environmental sustainability and protection in several developed economies. The main argument of the book is that similar gains can be achieved in developing economies and economies in transition. The book is organized into six chapters along some of the key themes discussed at the conference: Environmental Health Management, Sustainable Energy and Fuel, Water Treatment, Purification and Protection, Mining and Environment, Soil Stabilization, and Environmental Monitoring. It is hoped that the contents of the book will provide an insight into some of the environmental and health mana- ment challenges confronting the developing world and the steps being taken to address them.
Download or read book Urban Soils written by Phillip J. Craul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soil which is found in large cities offer distinctive challenges to the landscape architect or horticulturist responsible for maintaining these urban plantings. Often compacted, contaminated, or otherwise unsuitable for use in major landscape projects, these soils require practical methods which can insure a successful outcome of a landscape project. This applications-oriented, introductory reference addresses numerous topics in the field of urban soil science.
Download or read book Background Concentrations of Selected Trace Elements in Canterbury Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants written by Pushpika Freitas and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil, one of the most important natural resources, is becoming degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, agricultural activities, sewage sludge, fossil fuel combustion, metallurgical and chemical industries and electronics. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This series of technical notes examines the urban activities that cause soil degradation, and the management practices that protect the functions urban societies demand from soil. This technical note focuses on heavy metal soil contamination. Mining, manufacturing, and the use of synthetic products e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge can result in heavy metal contamination of urban and agricultural soils. Heavy metals also occur naturally, but rarely at toxic levels.
Download or read book Urban Soils written by Andrew W. Rate and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook addresses the increasing trend in urbanization of the world’s population and its relation with urban soils. Written by active practitioners of university level teaching and research, this book is designed primarily as an educational text, while it also provides readers with an authoritative gateway to the primary literature. It includes explicit coverage of spatial and statistical (multivariate) techniques and case studies to illustrate key concept, and to support practical guidance in issues such as data collection and analysis. The authors reflect current developments in research and urban trends. In China, for example, the proportion of the population living in cities increased from 13% in 1950 to 45% in 2010 (World Bank data). Australia is one of the world's top ten urbanised countries with population greater than ten million, with approximately 90% of its population living in cities, mainly along Australia's coast. The most rapidly urbanising populations are currently in nations of the African continent. Soils in urban areas have multiple functions which are becoming more valued by urban communities: soils supply water, nutrients and physical support for urban plant and animal communities (parks, reserves, gardens), and are becoming increasingly valued for growing food. Soils may be used for building foundations, or as building materials themselves. Urban hydrology relies on the existence of unsealed soils for aquifer protection and flood control. This volume presents the importance of urban ecosystems and the impacts of global change. It examines pedogenesis of urban soils: natural materials affected by urban phenomena, and natural processes acting on urban materials, including an examination of different climatic zones. There is a focus on soils formed on landfill, reclaimed land, dredge spoils as well as soil-related changes in urban geomorphology. There is plenty of discussion on urban soil as a source and sink as well as soil geochemistry and health. The book is intended primarily as a text for upper-level undergraduate, and postgraduate (Masters) students. It will also be invaluable as a resource for professionals such as researchers, environmental regulators, and environmental consultants.
Download or read book Symposium on Heavy Metals in Urban Gardens written by District of Columbia. Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1982* with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
