Download or read book Head Injury Simulation in Road Traffic Accidents written by Fábio A. O. Fernandes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work the development of a new geometrically detailed finite element head model is presented. Special attention is given to sulci and gyri modelling, making this model more geometrically accurate than others currently available. The model was validated against experimental data from impact tests on cadavers, specifically intracranial pressure and brain motion. Its potential is shown in an accident reconstruction case with injury evaluation by effectively combining multibody kinematics and finite element methodology.
Download or read book Prevention of Head Injuries to Car Occupants written by A. J. McLean and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Impact Response written by W. King and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predictive Validity of Driving simulator Assessments Following Traumatic Brain Injury a Preliminary Study written by H. L. Lew and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To evaluate whether driving simulator and road test evaluations can predict long-term driving performance, we conducted a prospective study on 11 patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Sixteen healthy subjects were also tested to provide normative values on the simulator at baseline.Method: At their initial evaluation (time-1), subjects' driving skills were measured during a 30-minute simulator trial using an automated 12-measure Simulator Performance Index (SPI), while a trained observer also rated their performance using a Driving Performance Inventory (DPI). In addition, patients were evaluated on the road by a certified driving evaluator. Ten months later (time-2), family members observed patients driving for at least 3?hours over 4 weeks and rated their driving performance using the DPI.Results: At time-1, patients were significantly impaired on automated SPI measures of driving skill, including: speed and steering control, accidents, and vigilance to a divided-attention task. These simulator indices significantly predicted the following aspects of observed driving performance at time-2: handling of automobile controls, regulation of vehicle speed and direction, higher-order judgment and self-control, as well as a trend-level association with car accidents. Automated measures of simulator skill (SPI) were more sensitive and accurate than observational measures of simulator skill (DPI) in predicting actual driving performance. To our surprise, the road test results at time-1 showed no significant relation to driving performance at time-2.Conclusion: Simulator-based assessment of patients with brain injuries can provide ecologically valid measures that, in some cases, may be more sensitive than a traditional road test as predictors of long-term driving performance in the community.
Download or read book Simulation of Head Impact Leading to Traumatic Brain Injury written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Brain written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 50,000 Americans die from brain injuries annually, with approximately half of all Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) being transportation-related. TBI is a critical and ever-evolving safety topic, with equally important components of injury prevention, consequences, and treatment. This book is part of a 3-volume set which presents a comprehensive look at recent head injury research and focuses on injury of the head’s contents and features 13 technical papers. These publications are primarily related to injuries to the brain, its surrounding membranes, and its blood supply. Editor Jeffrey A. Pike has selected the most relevant technical papers spanning the early 1990s through the beginning of 2011, including several older papers which provide an essential historical perspective. Each volume in the series also includes a table of references arranged by topic and a new chapter tying together anatomy, injury, and injury mechanism topics. Buy the Set and Save! Head Injury Biomechanics The three-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 1--The Skull Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 2--The Brain Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 3--Mitigation
Download or read book Mitigation written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 50,000 Americans die from brain injuries annually, with approximately half of all Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) being transportation-related. TBI is a critical and ever-evolving safety topic, with equally important components of injury prevention, consequences, and treatment. This book is part of a 3-volume set which presents a comprehensive look at recent head injury research and applies protective strategies to various injury scenarios, such as passenger vehicles, sports, and blast injuries, or to a particular demographic group, such as children or seniors. This volume features 14 technical papers. Editor Jeffrey A. Pike has selected the most relevant technical papers spanning the early 1990s through the beginning of 2011, including several older papers which provide an essential historical perspective. Each volume in the series also includes a table of references arranged by topic and a new chapter tying together anatomy, injury, and injury mechanism topics. Buy the Set and Save! Head Injury Biomechanics The three-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 1--The Skull Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 2--The Brain Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 3--Mitigation
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Reconstruction of Accidents written by John A. Bartz and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In depth Accident Investigation of Pedestrian Impact Dynamics and Development of Head Injury Risk Functions written by Yong Peng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pedestrians are regarded as an extremely vulnerable and high-risk group of road users since they are unprotected in vehicle impacts. More than 1.17 million people throughout the world are killed in road traffic accidents each year. Where, about 65% of deaths involve pedestrians. The head injuries in vehicle-pedestrian collisions accounted for about 30% of all reported injuries on different body regions, which often resulted in a fatal consequence. Such injuries can result in disabilities and long-term sequence, which lead to significant social costs. It is therefore important to study the characteristics of pedestrian accidents and understand the head injury mechanism of the pedestrian so as to improve vehicle design for pedestrian protection. The aim of this study is to investigate pedestrian dynamic response and develop head injury risk functions.In order to investigate the effect of pedestrian gait, vehicle front geometry and impact velocity on the dynamic responses of the head, the multi-body dynamic (MBD) models were used to simulate the head responses in vehicle to pedestrian collisions with different vehicle types in terms of head impact point measured with Wrap Around Distance (WAD), head relative velocity and impact angle. A simulation matrix is established using five vehicle types, and two mathematical models of the pedestrians represented a 50th male adult and a 6 year old child as well as seven pedestrian gaits based on typical postures in pedestrian accidents. In order to simulate a large range of impact conditions, four vehicle velocities (30 km/h, 40 km/h, 50 km/h and 60 km/h) are considered for each pedestrian position and vehicle type.A total of 43 passenger car versus pedestrian accidents were selected from In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accidents in Changsha, China (IVAC) and German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) database for simulation study. According to real-world accident investigation, accident reconstructions were conducted using multi-body system (MBS) pedestrian and car models under MADYMO simulation environment to calculate head impact conditions, in terms of head impact velocity, head position and head orientation. In order to study kinematics of adult pedestrian, relationship curves: head impact time, throw distance, head impact velocity and vehicle impact velocity, were computed and logistic regression models: head impact velocity, resultant angular velocity, HIC value, head contact force and head injuries, were developed based on the results from accident reconstructions.The automobile windshield, with which pedestrians come into frequent contact, has been identified as one of the main contact sources for pedestrian head injuries. In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of windshield laminated glass in the caseof pedestrian head impact, windshield FE models were set up using different combination for the modeling of glass and PVB, with various connection types and two mesh sizes (5 mm and 10 mm). Each windshield model was impacted with a standard adult headform impactor in an LS-DYNA simulation environment, and the results were compared with the experimental data reported in the literatures.In order to assess head injury risks of adult pedestrians, accident reconstructions were carried out by using Hybrid III head model based on the real-world pedestrian accidents. The impact conditions were obtained from the MBS simulation, including head impact velocity, head position and head orientation. They were used to set the initial conditions in a simulation of a Hybrid III FE head model striking a windshield FE model. Logistic regression models, Skull Fracture Correlate (SFC), head linear acceleration, Head Impact Power (HIP), HIC value, resultant angular acceleration and head injuries, were developed to study brain injury risk.{...].
Download or read book Head Injury in Fatal Motor Vehicle Accidents written by Razuin Rahimi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road traffic accident related deaths contributed 25 to 35% of all autopsies between 2003 and 2006 at the National Institute of Forensic Medicine (NIFM), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Head injury, by far, was the most common cause of death recorded by the Institute. The objectives of the study were to determine: (a) the demographic characteristics of fatal motor vehicle accident (MVA) victims; (b) category of road users involved in such events; and (c) the causes of death, types of brain damage as well as presence of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in the study subjects. Methodology: Thirty seven MVA victims were included.Brain samples were collected and analysed histopathologically by Haematoxylin & Eosin and Bielchowsky silver stains. Findings: Malays were the predominant group (46%). Males constituted 95% with 20-30 year-olds being the highest affected age group (46%). Motorcyclists contributed 67.6% of the cases. All the victims showed presence of head injury, ranging from cerebral oedema to extensive brain lacerations. Cranio-cerebral injuries were the sole cause of death in 37.8% of the subjects.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation in Traffic related Brain Injuries written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomechanical Engineering Analyses of Head and Spine Impact Injury Risk Via Experimentation and Computational Simulation written by Adam Jesse Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head and spine injuries, such as traumatic brain injury, skull fracture, concussion and osteoligamentous cervical spine injury continue to be prevalent in motor vehicle crashes, athletics and the military. Automotive safety systems, athletic safety equipment and military personal protective paraphernalia designs have generally focused on protection discretely designed on a component basis head or spine but not a systems basis, considering the head-spine linkage simultaneously. But since the cervical spine acts as the attachment point for the head, the boundary conditions applied to the cervical spine influence the behavior of the head. Hence, in analyzing injury risk for the head and the spine, each structure composes one portion of an intrinsically linked osteoligamentous system; thus injury risk for the head and the cervical spine might be more appropriately considered concurrently as opposed to individually. Historically, component-based injury protection designs have utilized head and cervical spine injury risk criteria developed from human, animal and anthropomorphic surrogate studies. While a plethora of these prior studies separately analyzed head injury risk via linear acceleration, Head Injury Criterion (HIC) or Gadd Severity Index (GSI), or cervical spine injury risk via axial/shear forces, bending moments or the Neck Injury Criterion (Nij), relatively few of these studies employed a systems-based approach to understand coupled head-cervical spine injury risk behavior. Thus, designing for optimal head and cervical spine injury protection may not be as trivial as separate consideration of head or spine component injury thresholds. Therefore, through a series of six biomechanical engineering studies that comprised the chapters of this dissertation, the work presented here broadly investigated head and cervical spine injury protection on a systems-based approach considering head and cervical spine injury risk simultaneously. In Chapter 1, injury risk in inertial loading during real-world low energy minor rear car crashes was analyzed. In Chapter 2, these minor crashes from Chapter 1 were further investigated via use of numerical simulation in MADYMO. While Chapters 1 and 2 explored low energy car crash loading, Chapter 3 explored multivariate head and cervical spine injury implications from direct head loading during frontal airbag inflation in high energy experimental car crashes. Chapter 4 expanded the direct frontal head impact loading analyzed in Chapter 3 to include oblique and lateral impact loading during impact experiments with a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device. The low- and high-energy injury analysis methods developed in Chapters 1 through 4 helped drive the study of multivariate injury risk in response to experimental omnidirectional athletic head impacts in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 further built on the high-energy athletic impacts from Chapter 5 via Matlab and Simulink simulation of helmeted impacts using a systems dynamics approach. Finally, Chapter 7 analyzed development of an impact pendulum, pilot cadaveric injury response to direct head impact and analysis of similar impacts in a helmeted human surrogate. The results of all of these related studies indicated that head and cervical spine injury risk were interrelated during direct or inertial car crash and athletic impacts.
Download or read book The Car pedestrian Collision Injury Reduction Accident Reconstruction Mathematical and Experimental Simulation Head Injuries in Two Wheeler Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Head Injury in Road Traffic Accidents a Prospective Study in Trondelag Norway 1979 1980 written by T. H. Edna and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Head Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents written by Jolyon Alexander Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact Head Injury written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Aerospace Medical Panel. Specialists' Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
