Download or read book Has the Legal Aid Punishment of Offenders and Sentencing Act restricted access to justice for the most needy and vulnerable written by M. T. and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: 72%, 13 Punkte, University of Hull (Law School), language: English, abstract: The aim of this essay is to work out the legal aid changes brought about by the LASPO and to discuss if they restricted access to justice for the most needy and vulnerable. First, this essay will explain the term ‘legal aid’, then the situation and the problems before the LASPO was enforced will be outlined. In the next section, the changes introduced by the LASPO will be illustrated, followed by an evaluation of the question of whether these changes have restricted access to justice for the most needy, concluding that they have not been denied access to justice in the cases that most merit it. Finally, the issue of whether or not access to legal advice and representation should be freely available to everyone will be discussed, reaching the conclusion that not everyone should be freely entitled to legal aid.
Download or read book Assessing the Post LASPO Effect on Legal Aid and the Number of Orders written by Konstantinos Kalliris and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article explores the effects of cuts to legal aid on access to justice. The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) introduced extensive cuts, including the exclusion of almost the entire area of private family law from its scope. We empirically assess the effects of this reform on access to justice, using formal statistical techniques. We find that the cuts had an adverse impact on the availability of legal aid and, consequently, access to justice. This adverse impact was mostly linked to areas where people need legal aid the most (due to high unemployment and low growth), thus undermining both equal access to justice and, arguably, equality of arms in the courtroom. We also find that the average of cost of legal aid per case is approximately £8,000, and, therefore, some cases could be funded at relatively low cost for the taxpayer. Given the failure of mediation to cover for the lack of access to family courts and the emergence of legal aid deserts, we raise the question whether the blanket removal of almost an entire are of law from LASPO's scope is a justifiable policy.
Download or read book Access to Justice written by Ellie Palmer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on a series of ESRC funded seminars, this edited collection of expert papers by academics and practitioners is concerned with access to civil and administrative justice in constitutional democracies, where, for the past decade governments have reassessed their priorities for funding legal services: embracing 'new technologies' that reconfigure the delivery and very concept of legal services; cutting legal aid budgets; and introducing putative cost-cutting measures for the administration of courts, tribunals and established systems for the delivery of legal advice and assistance. Without underplaying the future potential of technological innovation, or the need for a fair and rational system for the prioritisation and funding of legal services, the book questions whether the absolutist approach to the dictates of austerity and the promise of new technologies that have driven the Coalition Government's policy, can be squared with obligations to protect the fundamental right of access to justice, in the unwritten constitution of the United Kingdom.
Download or read book Invisible Punishment written by Meda Chesney-Lind and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a series of newly commissioned essays from the leading scholars and advocates in criminal justice, Invisible Punishment explores, for the first time, the far-reaching consequences of our current criminal justice policies. Adopted as part of “get tough on crime” attitudes that prevailed in the 1980s and '90s, a range of strategies, from “three strikes” and “a war on drugs,” to mandatory sentencing and prison privatization, have resulted in the mass incarceration of American citizens, and have had enormous effects not just on wrong-doers, but on their families and the communities they come from. This book looks at the consequences of these policies twenty years later.
Download or read book Guidelines Manual written by United States Sentencing Commission and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Attorneys Manual written by United States. Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post implementation Review of Part 2 of the Legal Aid Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 LASPO written by Great Britain. Ministry of Justice and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Austerity Bites written by Mary O'Hara and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since taking power in 2010, the Coalition Government in the United Kingdom has pushed through a drastic program of cuts to public spending, all in the name of austerity. The effects on large segments of the population, dependent on programs whose funding was slashed, have been devastating and will continue to be felt for generations. This timely book by journalist Mary O'Hara chronicles the real-world effects of austerity, removing it from the bland, technocratic language of politics and showing just what austerity means to ordinary lives. Drawing on hundreds of hours of first-person interviews with a wide range of people and, in the paperback edition, featuring an updated afterword by the author, the book explores the grim reality of living amid the biggest reduction of the welfare state in the postwar era and offers a compelling corrective to narratives of shared sacrifice.
Download or read book Against the Law written by David Renton and published by Watkins Media Limited. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Britain’s leading barristers argues for a world in which the law should play a smaller part in all our lives. Understanding the main political projects of our times, and their plans to expand or shrink the law, is the first step towards achieving greater equality and averting climate disaster. Since 2016, Britain has been ruled by populists, who promise to expand democracy and shrink the law by taking back power from the European Union. Yet what these populists have actually done in power is institute a vast increase in new laws, made by ministers and not Parliament, regulating every aspect of our lives. This move of promising less law while actually expanding it, has been characteristic of our lives for forty years, ever since the neoliberal counter-revolution. Every year, new criminal offences are created; new regulations are introduced. Renton’s book dares us to imagine a world in which workers are winning, and ecocide treated with the urgency that it deserves. These changes can only come about, he argues, if the movements of the oppressed choose to disengage from the law.
Download or read book Handbook on Women and Imprisonment written by Tomris Atabay and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook aims to assist legislators, policymakers, prison managers, staff and non-governmental organizations in implementing international standards and norms related to the gender-specific needs of women prisoners, in particular the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Offenders and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders ('the Bangkok Rules'). It further aims to increase awareness about the profile of female offenders and to suggest ways in which to reduce their unnecessary imprisonment, including by rationalizing legislation and criminal justice policies, and by providing a wide range of alternatives to prison at all stages of the criminal justice process. The handbook forms part of a series of tools developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to support countries in implementing the rule of law and the development of criminal justice reform.
Download or read book Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes written by Yvon Dandurand and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present handbook offers, in a quick reference format, an overview of key considerations in the implementation of participatory responses to crime based on a restorative justice approach. Its focus is on a range of measures and programmes, inspired by restorative justice values, that are flexible in their adaptation to criminal justice systems and that complement them while taking into account varying legal, social and cultural circumstances. It was prepared for the use of criminal justice officials, non-governmental organizations and community groups who are working together to improve current responses to crime and conflict in their community
Download or read book Women offenders written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee and published by Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government plans to introduce payment-by-results in probation services need to be redesigned in respect of women offenders-who are often classified as presenting a lower risk of reoffending-so that they receive the intensive tailored support they need. The Government's strategic priorities for women offenders lack substance and in particular must take a broader approach to supporting women at risk of reoffending and addressing the inter-generational nature of crime. The Committee welcomes the Government's extension of through the gate statutory support to prisoners sentenced to less than 12 months, likely to benefit many women offenders. However, potential providers of rehabilitative services need to recognise that levels of risk posed by women may not reflect the level of support such women require. Although progress has been made since the Corston recommendations, a number of concerns remain: the women's prison population has not fallen sufficiently fast; over half of women offenders continue to receive ineffective short-custodial sentences; mental health and substance misuse treatment which could reduce use of custody remains unavailable to Courts in sufficient volume. Maintaining a network of women's centres and using residential alternatives to custody are likely to be more effective and cheaper in the long run than short custodial sentences. The Committee does not recommend substantive changes to the overall sentencing framework, but argues instead for more emphasis to be placed on ensuring courts are provided with robust alternatives to custody specifically appropriate to women
Download or read book Handbook of Basic Principles and Promising Practices on Alternatives to Imprisonment written by Dirk Van Zyl Smit and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to the basic principles central to understanding alternatives to imprisonment as well as descriptions of promising practices implemented throughout the world. This handbook offers information about alternatives to imprisonment at various stages of the criminal justice process.
Download or read book The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society written by United States. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice -- established by President Lyndon Johnson on July 23, 1965 -- addresses the causes of crime and delinquency and recommends how to prevent crime and delinquency and improve law enforcement and the administration of criminal justice. In developing its findings and recommendations, the Commission held three national conferences, conducted five national surveys, held hundreds of meetings, and interviewed tens of thousands of individuals. Separate chapters of this report discuss crime in America, juvenile delinquency, the police, the courts, corrections, organized crime, narcotics and drug abuse, drunkenness offenses, gun control, science and technology, and research as an instrument for reform. Significant data were generated by the Commission's National Survey of Criminal Victims, the first of its kind conducted on such a scope. The survey found that not only do Americans experience far more crime than they report to the police, but they talk about crime and the reports of crime engender such fear among citizens that the basic quality of life of many Americans has eroded. The core conclusion of the Commission, however, is that a significant reduction in crime can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations (some 200) are implemented. The recommendations call for a cooperative attack on crime by the Federal Government, the States, the counties, the cities, civic organizations, religious institutions, business groups, and individual citizens. They propose basic changes in the operations of police, schools, prosecutors, employment agencies, defenders, social workers, prisons, housing authorities, and probation and parole officers.
Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Download or read book Economic Perspectives on Incarceration and the Criminal Justice System written by Executive Office Executive Office of the President and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calls for criminal justice reform have been mounting in recent years, in large part due to the extraordinarily high levels of incarceration in the United States. Today, the incarcerated population is 4.5 times larger than in 1980, with approximately 2.2 million people in the United States behind bars, including individuals in Federal and State prisons as well as local jails. The push for reform comes from many angles, from the high financial cost of maintaining current levels of incarceration to the humanitarian consequences of detaining more individuals than any other country. Economic analysis is a useful lens for understanding the costs, benefits, and consequences of incarceration and other criminal justice policies. In this report, we first examine historical growth in criminal justice enforcement and incarceration along with its causes. We then develop a general framework for evaluating criminal justice policy, weighing its crime-reducing benefits against its direct government costs and indirect costs for individuals, families, and communities. Finally, we describe the Administration's holistic approach to criminal justice reform through policies that impact the community, the cell block, and the courtroom.
Download or read book The Parliamentary Debates Hansard written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
