Download or read book A Poisonous Affair written by Joost R. Hiltermann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-18 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 1988, during the Iran-Iraq war, thousands were killed in a chemical attack in a remote town in Iraqi Kurdistan. In the aftermath of the horror, confusion reigned over who had carried it out, each side accusing the other in the ongoing bloodbath of the Iran-Iraq war. As the fog lifted, the responsibility of Saddam Hussein's regime was revealed, and with it the tacit support of Iraq's western allies. This book, by a veteran observer of human rights in the Middle East, tells the story of the gassing of Halabja. It shows how Iraq was able to develop ever-more sophisticated chemical weapons and target Iranian soldiers and Kurdish villagers as America looked the other way. Today, as Iraq disintegrates and the Middle East sinks further into turmoil, these policies are coming back to haunt America and the West.
Download or read book Ghosts of Halabja written by Michael J. Kelly and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-10-30 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saddam Hussein's execution for his crimes against Iraq's Shia not only brought an end to his reign of oppression, but also to the justice that was to be served to the Iraqi Kurds. The unspeakable atrocities visited by Saddam upon the Kurds of Iraq are explored here, together with the trials of Saddam by the Iraqi High Tribunal. However, this work is more than a litigation history. It is also an exploration of the motivations behind and the depths of organized evil in the context of a single, brutal despot at the helm of an artificially created multi-ethno/religious state lying atop massive oil wealth. Saddam's background and the context of his rule explain much about his actions, but not all. He remained an unpredictable tyrant to the end of his reign. The Kurds have continually been subject to adversity since the end of World War I, when they were denied their own homeland, splitting them among three countries: Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. During Saddam's 24-year reign, the Kurds of Iraq were frequently under the knife of injustice. Between 1987 and 1989, Saddam unleashed genocide, razing over 2,000 villages and murdering at least 50,000 Kurds. As his dictatorship came to an end, the Kurds long-awaited opportunity to hold Saddam responsible for the atrocities against them seemed to have come, only to be sidetracked by the Iraqi High Tribunal, the Iraqi government, and the U.S. government. While the Shia rejoiced in their victory, the Kurds continued to be left behind. Saddam's death freed him of the charges against him by the Kurds. The world had turned its back on the Kurds in their age of genocide, and now appeared to turn a blind eye to the justice that was denied. The unspeakable atrocities visited by Saddam upon the Kurds of Iraq are explored here together with the trials of Saddam by the Iraqi High Tribunal—both the completed prosecution for the Dujail massacre against the Shites and the incomplete one for the Anfal Campaigns against the Kurds. However, this work is more than a litigation history. It is also an exploration of the motivations behind and the depths of organized evil in the context of a single, brutal despot at the helm of an artificially created multi-ethno/religious state lying atop massive oil wealth, but situated in the most dangerous part of the world. Saddam's background and the context of his rule explain much about his actions, but not all. He remained an unpredictable tyrant to the end of his reign.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Religion Mass Atrocity and Genocide written by Sara E. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide explores the many and sometimes complicated ways in which religion, faith, doctrine, and practice intersect in societies where mass atrocity and genocide occur. This volume is intended as an entry point to questions about mass atrocity and genocide that are asked by and of people of faith and is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, historical events, and heated debates in this subject area. The 39 contributions to the handbook, by a team of international contributors, span five continents and cover four millennia. Each explores the intersection of religion, faith, and mainly state-sponsored mass atrocity and genocide, and draws from a variety of disciplines. This volume is divided into six core sections: Genocide in Antiquity and Holy Wars The Genocide of Indigenous Peoples Religion and the State The Role of Religion during Genocide Post Genocide Considerations Memory Culture Within these sections central issues, historical events, debates, and problems are examined, including the Crusades; Jihad and ISIS, colonialism, the Holocaust, desecration of ritual objects, politics of religion, Shinto nationalism, attacks on Rohingya Muslims; the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, responses to genocide; gender-based atrocities, ritualcide in Cambodia, burial sites and mass graves, transitional justice, forgiveness, documenting genocide, survivor memory narratives, post-conflict healing and memorialization. The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Genocide is essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in religion and genocide, religion and violence, and religion and politics. It will be of great interest to students of theology, philosophy, genocide studies, narrative studies, history, and international relations and those in related fields, such as cultural studies, area studies, sociology, and anthropology.
Download or read book Genocide in Iraq written by George Black and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1993 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PUK's last stand.
Download or read book Iraq s Crime of Genocide written by Human Rights Watch/Middle East and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1995 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Iraq's 1988 campaign of extermination against the Kurdish people living within its borders resulted in the death of at least 50,000 and as many as 100,000 people, many of them women and children. This book from Human Rights Watch investigates the so-called Anfal campaign and concludes that this campaign constituted genocide against the Kurds." "The book is the result of research by a team of Human Rights Watch/Middle East investigators who analyzed eighteen tons of captured Iraqi government documents (ten of these documents are reproduced in an appendix) and carried out field interviews with more than 350 witnesses, most of them survivors of the Anfal campaign. It confirms that the campaign was characterized by gross violations of human rights, including mass summary executions and disappearance of many tens of thousands of noncombatants; the widespread use of chemical weapons, among them mustard gas and nerve agents that killed thousands; the arbitrary jailing and warehousing of tens of thousands of women, children, and elderly people for months, in conditions of extreme deprivation and without judicial order; the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of villagers to barren resettlement camps after the demolition of their homes; and the wholesale destruction of some two thousand villages along with their schools, mosques, farms, and power stations. The book is a searing indictment of the Iraqi government's carefully planned and executed program to destroy a people, harrowing in its detailed and objective recounting of crimes against innocents."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book The Bloody Friday written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An inconvenient Atrocity written by Susan J. Schuurman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The CIA War in Kurdistan written by Sam Faddis and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A valuable history [and] a stark warning to Washington policy and strategy makers.” —James Stejskal, former US Army Special Forces and CIA officer In 2002, Sam Faddis was named to head a CIA team that would enter Iraq to facilitate the deployment of follow-on conventional military forces numbering over 40,000 American soldiers. This force, built around the 4th Infantry Division, would, in partnership with Kurdish forces and with the assistance of Turkey, engage Saddam’s army in the North as part of a coming invasion. Faddis expected to be on the ground in Iraq within weeks, the entire campaign likely to be over by summer. Over the course of the next year, virtually every aspect of that plan for the conduct of the war in northern Iraq fell apart. The 4th Infantry Division never arrived, nor did any other conventional forces in substantial number. The Turks not only refused to provide support, they worked overtime to prevent the United States from achieving success. And an Arab army that was to assist US forces fell apart before it ever made it to the field. Alone, hopelessly outnumbered, short on supplies, and threatened by Iraqi assassination teams and Islamic extremists, Faddis’s team, working with Kurdish peshmerga, miraculously paved the way for a brilliant and largely bloodless victory in the North and the fall of Saddam’s Iraq. That victory, handed over to Washington and the Department of Defense on a silver platter, was then squandered. The decisions that followed would lead to catastrophic consequences that continue to this day. This is the story of the brave and effective team of men and women who overcame massive odds to help end the nightmare of Saddam’s rule. It is also the story of how incompetence, bureaucracy, and ignorance threw that success away and condemned Iraq and the surrounding region to chaos
Download or read book One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare Research Deployment Consequences written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
Download or read book The Iran Iraq War written by Pierre Razoux and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1980 to 1988, Iran and Iraq fought the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. The tragedies included the slaughter of child soldiers, the use of chemical weapons, the striking of civilian shipping in the Gulf, and the destruction of cities. The Iran-Iraq War offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the region’s collective memory but little understood in the West. Pierre Razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding Middle Eastern geopolitics, from the deep-rooted distrust between Sunni and Shia Muslims, to Iran’s obsession with nuclear power, to the continuing struggles in Iraq. He provides invaluable keys to decipher Iran’s behavior and internal struggle today. Razoux’s account is based on unpublished military archives, oral histories, and interviews, as well as audio recordings seized by the U.S. Army detailing Saddam Hussein’s debates with his generals. Tracing the war’s shifting strategies and political dynamics—military operations, the jockeying of opposition forces within each regime, the impact on oil production so essential to both countries—Razoux also looks at the international picture. From the United States and Soviet Union to Israel, Europe, China, and the Arab powers, many nations meddled in this conflict, supporting one side or the other and sometimes switching allegiances. The Iran-Iraq War answers questions that have puzzled historians. Why did Saddam embark on this expensive, ultimately fruitless conflict? Why did the war last eight years when it could have ended in months? Who, if anyone, was the true winner when so much was lost?
Download or read book Halabja Chemical Attack in March 1988 and the Anfal Genocide Campaign written by Yasin Mahmoud Aziz and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-31 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short stories of the use of WMD, chemical attack on Kurdish Civilians of Halabja, when Iranian forces occupied Halabja during Iran / Iraq war, and civilians were detained by Iranian forces to face a mass slaughter, and the Anfal Genocide campaign when 182000 civilians were shot dead or buried alive in deserts of South Iraq between 1975 - 1988
Download or read book Black Wind from the Kurdish Hills written by Hama Dostan and published by Janus Publishing Company Lim. This book was released on 2005 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This poignant tale follows the lives of three friends—Ahmad, Kadir, and Raza—growing up in Halabja, Iraq, as they struggle to survive in the tumultuous region also known as Kurdistan. Narrated by members of Kadir’s family, this intimate portrait details the boys’ move from a carefree childhood in a Kurdish community in the 1960s to a period of domestic unrest and fear, first with the onset of the Peshmerga war, and later with the rise of Saddam Hussein. As the years pass, these boyhood friends are forced to face the tragedies of war and are eventually drawn into the conflict that, by virtue of their birth, they cannot escape.
Download or read book Iraq and the Crimes of Aggressive War written by John Hagan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible account of the war in Iraq argues that US military actions constituted a criminal war of aggression.
Download or read book The New Iraq an Iranian Nuclear Bomb written by Mohamed Siddig and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2003 the U.S. invaded Iraq under the fallacious precept of finding and destroying weapons of mass destruction. The Iraqi government was toppled and its president Saddam Hussein was captured and put on trial. No weapons of mass destruction were found and the American occupation served to inflame a historic dispute between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. The American invasion of Iraq turned into a victory for Iran without loss of Iranian money or blood. The New Iraq, An Iranian Nuclear Bomb! describes the Iraqi situation as of early 2007 and reveals facts suppressed by the American administration about the influence of Iran on the U.S.-occupied territory. The trial of the former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein is described as a politically expedient farce which culminated in a barbaric execution a joint work of America and Iran. The conduct of the trial, the assassination of two defense lawyers, and the political pressure that impelled the first judge to resign from the court are outlined. The role of America in the history of Saddam Hussein's regime is reviewed and a rationale is provided for the evident submission of the Bush administration to Iran's influence in Iraq.
Download or read book Iraq written by Geoff Hann and published by Bradt Travel Guides. This book was released on 2015-08-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Iraq is under threat from every quarter. Politics play havoc with ordinary lives; sanctions cut deep. However, today's rare visitors are met with a broad hospitality that belies years of deprivation
Download or read book Butterfly Valley written by Sherko Bekas and published by ARC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late 1980s witnessed two devastating chemical attacks by the Saddam régime on Iraqi Kurdistan. Butterfly Valley is Sherko Bekes' response to these atrocities. Stunned by the world's silence in the face of this genocide, Bekes - in exile in Sweden at the time - longs to go home and mourn the victims. This is an immensely powerful poem.
Download or read book Chemical Weapons Use in Kurdistan written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
