Download or read book Habitat Use of Calling Baleen Whales in the Southern California Current Ecosystem written by Elizabeth Tram Anh Vu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent to which temporal, spatial, environmental, and physiological factors influence baleen whale acoustic occurrence was investigated in the southern California Current Ecosystem, a highly productive, upwelling-driven ecosystem that hosts a large abundance of top predators. By combining data sets from ten years of passive acoustic monitoring and concurrent environmental sampling, this dissertation presents detailed intra-annual and mesoscale spatial patterns previously unknown. Analyses of temporal acoustic patterns revealed different acoustic occupancy by three species: blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), and fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). The temporal separation between blue whale feeding and breeding call types showed a shift between behavioral states throughout the year. The temporal separation between blue and humpback whale reproductive calls showed different displays of reproductive calling behavior despite their overlapping migratory and seasonal reproductive cycles. Spatial patterns revealed different onshore and offshore occupancy, dependent on season, for each species. The reconciliation between acoustic and visual seasonal abundance demonstrated an increase in individual-level acoustic reproductive display during or approaching the mating season of each species. Analyses of habitat factors on call types from each species identified association of seasonality, bathymetry, sea surface temperature, and mixed layer depth with calling behavior. Generalized additive mixed models of acoustic calling revealed significant responses to seasonality and bathymetry at three different spatial scales, indicating the importance of these factors in explaining baleen whale distribution at broad scales. Lastly, a possible physiological driver of acoustic behavior was investigated by quantifying seasonal hormone concentrations in humpback whale blubber. The results of this research advance scientific understanding of yearlong acoustic cetacean occurrence in a productive oceanographic habitat and provide additional insight into the reproduction and migration of these species.
Download or read book Impacts of Shipping on Marine Fauna written by Christine Erbe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
Download or read book Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Mysticetes written by Christopher W. Clark and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-02 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, an international team of leading marine mammal scientists, with a remarkably diverse set of backgrounds and areas of expertise, lead you through a synthesis of current knowledge on baleen whales. Baleen whales are the largest animals ever to have lived on this planet. They also have the lowest and most intense voices on Earth, most likely evolved to take advantage of ocean acoustic transmission conditions so as to be detectable across ocean basins. Some baleen whales can live to be 150-200 years old. They migrate many thousands of kilometers between feeding and breeding areas. They produce songs and calls that serve as behavioral foundations for establishing, maintaining and expanding their cultural identities. To conclude that we know the behavioral limits of these large brained, long-lived animals would be naïve. As baleen whale scientists, we are still beginning to comprehend the enormous complexities and natural histories of these remarkable animals. Today, the fact that whales sing is known throughout much of the world. This awareness started 50 years ago with the publication and popularization of a collection of humpback song recordings that motivated research into baleen whale behavioral ethology. In this book’s chapters, a reader’s experiences will stretch from learning about baleen whale laryngeal anatomy associated with their different voices to learning about the vast ocean areas over which their voices can be heard and the emerging complexities of their culturally defined societies. These are accompanied by chapters on the fundamental ethological contexts of socializing, migrating, and foraging. Two common themes permeate the book. One theme highlights the phenomenal increase in scientific knowledge achieved through technological advancements. The other theme recognizes the impacts of human-made activities on ocean acoustic environments and the resultant influences on the health and survival of individual whales and their populations. Although the book is intentionally ambitious in its scope, as scientists, we fully recognize that baleen whale science is still in its infancy. Many profound revelations await discovery by cohorts of young, multi-talented explorers, some of whom are stretching their wings in this volume and some of whom are reading these scientific stories for the first time.
Download or read book Identifying and Comparing Important Areas for Marine Sustainable Use and Conservation written by Sofie Van Parijs and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-24 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean is under increasing threat from the expansion of human activities. The combined impacts of these threats as well as the potential impacts of climate change and ocean acidification have placed thousands of species at risk of extinction, and have impaired the structure, function, productivity and resilience of marine ecosystems. Currently, some parts of the world's oceans are significantly impacted, yet are without any form of effective management. Only a small proportion of the oceans are within protected area systems. Globally, measures are being taken to increase protection and sustainable management, but application is uncoordinated and not always effective. In order to support effective policy action by countries and competent international and regional organizations, it is critical to build a sound understanding of the most ecologically and biologically important ocean areas that support healthy marine ecosystems so that the necessary steps to ensure the long-term function and resilience of these systems can be taken.
Download or read book Whales Seals Fish and Man written by A. Schytte Blix and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-06 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the major findings from the Norwegian research programme on whales and seals in Norwegian waters. A wide range of topics are covered, including physiological aspects, social organization, population dynamics, stock assessment and management. The book will be of great value to scientists and managers, as well as to members of the general public interested in environmental issues.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Antarctic Krill written by Volker Siegel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a unique insight into the current knowledge of krill population dynamics including distribution, biomass, production, recruitment, growth and mortality rates. Detailed analysis is provided on food and feeding, reproduction and krill behaviour. The volume provides an overview on the aspects of natural challenges to the species, which involve predation, parasites and the commercial exploitation of the resource and its management. A chapter on genetics shows the results of population subdivision and summarizes recent work on sequencing transcriptomes for studying gene function as part of the physiology of live krill. The focus of Chapter 4 is on physiological functions such as biochemical composition, metabolic activity and growth change with ontogeny and season; and will demonstrate which environmental factors are the main drivers for variability. Further discussed in this chapter are the bottle necks which occur in the annual life cycle of krill, and the mechanisms krill have adapted to cope with severe environmental condition.
Download or read book Whales Whaling and Ocean Ecosystems written by James A. Estes and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A must read for anyone interested in the ecology of whales, this timely and creative volume is sure to stimulate new research for years to come."—Annalisa Berta, San Diego State University
Download or read book Whales and climate written by Jan-Olaf Meynecke and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book North Pacific Right Whale Calling Behavior and Habitat Characterization in the Southeastern Bering Sea written by Lisa Marie Munger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) are critically endangered due to intensive commercial whaling in the 1800s and illegal whaling in the 1960s. Currently the eastern subpopulation probably numbers in the dozens of animals, and little is known about their behavioral ecology. The majority of sightings within the past 50 years have been in the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS), in shallow waters ( 200 m) over the continental shelf. Moored, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the SEBS in 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2005 to monitor the middle shelf for right whale calls and recorded for 2 - 11 months per instrument. Deployments were at or near subsurface moorings that recorded oceanographic data including temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Techniques were developed for efficiently detecting right whale calls in a large data set, and calling behavior was investigated on daily and seasonal scales. Acoustic properties of right whale calls and their propagation on the SEBS shelf were estimated and temporal patterns in right whale calling were examined in relation to oceanographic variables. Automated call detection was useful at guiding analysts to bouts of right whale calling and additional calls were found by manually searching. Right whales occurred in the SEBS as early as May and as late as December. Calling rates were significantly higher during darkness than during daylight, suggesting a relationship to behavior that may vary diurnally, such as foraging. Right whale call source levels were within ranges reported for other balaenid whale species, and calls propagated for long distances (100 km) on the SEBS middle shelf. Right whales were detected earlier in years with early ice retreat and a late spring bloom and intermittently throughout summer and fall in all years with recording effort. Peak right whale calling rates and the most days per month with calls were in late summer. We hypothesize that right whale occurrence is linked to environmental variables via bottom-up control on production and distribution of copepods, their primary prey. These results are relevant to conservation and form the basis for future investigations of right whale calling behavior and its relationship to habitat use"--Leaves xvi-xvii.
Download or read book Sensory Systems of Aquatic Mammals written by Ronald A. Kastelein and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Behavior Habitat Use and Interspecific Interactions of Southern Right Whale Eubalaena Australis Mother calf Pairs written by Peter Owen Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cetacean Societies written by Janet Mann and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2000-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world."—from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham.
Download or read book The Sounds of Whales and Their Food written by Malene Juul Simon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas for Whales Dolphins and Porpoises written by Erich Hoyt and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Erich Hoyt's handbook is an admirable, timely and highly welcome contribution.'Michael Stachowitsch, Marine EcologyWhat does it mean to save the whales if their habitat is left unprotected? Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises is the definitive handbook on this pressing issue and the first to bridge the gap between the disciplines of marine protected areas and cetacean conservation. It launches a new chapter in cetacean conservation with its investigation into the crucial habitat needs and protection requirements of some 84 species.The author, one of the world's foremost experts in this field, takes you around the world to investigate the promising results of the latest conservation research and the strategies for obtaining marine protected areas in coastal waters and on the high seas, using national legislation and regional and international conventions. This is an essential introduction, guide and reference work for those working to ensure a future for whales and dolphins.
Download or read book Blue Whale Ecology and Behavior in a Human impacted Marine Ecosystem written by Angela Renee Szesciorka and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To avoid missing peak prey abundances, blue whales must detect available environmental cues and time migration by shifting arrival or departure dates to/from feeding grounds and balancing the time they spend foraging versus breeding. Blue whale feeding habitat overlaps with dense vessel traffic, making them vulnerable to vessel strikes--the leading cause of human mortality for blue whales off Southern California. Any changes to migration timing that increase residence time on the feeding grounds may increase vessel strike risk. The contextual factors influencing vessel strike risk are poorly understood and uncertainty remains about whale behavioral response to vessels. Understanding those interactions is important in preventing vessel strikes. Here, I investigated the timing and drivers of blue whale migration and blue whale-vessel interactions using seafloor- and animal-mounted acoustic devices. This allowed me to (a) examine the relationship among migration timing (inferred from blue whale "D" and "B" calls), environmental indices (e.g., sea surface temperature anomalies), and prey (spring krill biomass from annual net tow surveys) during a 10 year period (2008-2017) off Southern California and (b) assess vessel, environmental, and whale contextual variables associated with 216 close passages (2 km) between 174 vessels and 35 tagged whales and look for differences and uniqueness in dive behavior resulting from close passages. Colder sea surface temperature anomalies the previous season were correlated with greater krill biomass the following year, and earlier arrival by blue whales, demonstrating a plastic response of whales to interannual variability and the importance of krill as a driving force behind migration timing. By the end of the 10-year period, whales were arriving at the feeding grounds more than one month earlier, suggesting climate change has led to blue whales extending their overall time in Southern California. None of the contextual variables showed any relationship with close passage distance with vessels. Whales did not leave the area, even when passages were chronic (5/day), and we found no evidence of behavioral response. With no evidence of behavioral responses to close vessel passages, we need to continue managing vessel traffic under the assumption that whales do not avoid vessels.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
