Download or read book Habitat Use and Activity Patterns of the Columbian White tailed Deer Along the Lower Columbia River written by Lowell H. Suring and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the life history, population dynamics, and ecological relationships of the Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiarius leucurus) was conducted on the Washington mainland, Columbian White-tailed Deer National Wildlife Refuge during 1972-1973 to provide information for management of this endangered subspecies. A total of 18,077 observations of deer recorded during 213 morning and evening periods along two observation routes provided information concerning use of plant communities, activity, group composition, and sex and age structure. Detailed behavior observations were recorded during 25 morning and evening periods. Vegetation on the study area was categorized into five major community groupings of rush, thistle, grass, horsetail, and forest Deer were observed most often in those communities that provided both cover and forage. Communities providing forage without cover were most used where cover was adjacent. The population on the study area during the winter was estimated between 200 and 230 deer or one, deer per 3.4-3.9 hectares (one deer per 8.5-9.8 acres). A buck:doe:fawn ratio of 34:100:35 was calculated for November. Average group size of deer while grazing was 2.2 animals The major classification of group size throughout, the year was of single deer. Numbers of individuals within groups were highest during winter. Overt aggression between individuals was observed infrequently. Frequency of aggressive behavior was greatest during cold weather. Bucks were always dominant over does and fawns, and does were always dominant over fawns. Grazing was numerically the major activity observed. Deer grazed more and rested less in summer than during winter. Copulations may occur primarily at night. Home ranges of bucks were 1arger than those of does, and home ranges of yearlings were larger than those of adults. Average home range size of the Columbian white-tailed deer was smaller than that reported for other subspecies. Deer avoided close association with cattle and used those areas where cattle densities were lowest or where cattle were not present. Deer showed preference for improved pasture prior to introduction of cattle for seasonal grazing.
Download or read book An Ecological Characterization of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Region Characterization atlas watershed unit descriptions written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ecological Characterization of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Region Characterization atlas regional synopsis written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ecological Characterization of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revised Columbian White tailed Deer Recovery Plan written by Columbian White-Tailed Deer Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ecological Characterization of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Region Data source appendix written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitat Selection by Columbian White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Leucurus Along the Lower Columbia River written by Jonathon David Heale and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revision of the Resource Management Plans of the Western Oregon Bureau of Land Management Districts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment and Management of Animal Damage in Pacific Northwest Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Influencing White tailed Deer Activity Patterns and Habitat Use written by Paul Beier and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book For a 4 d Rule for the Conservation of the Northern Spotted Owl on Non federal Lands Environmental Alternatives Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Management of White tailed Deer written by David G. Hewitt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Wildlife Society Outstanding Edited Book Award for 2013! Winner of the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Outstanding Book Award for 2011! Winner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Award for 2011! Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer organizes and presents information on the most studied large mammal species in the world. The book covers the evolutionary history of the species, its anatomy, physiology, and nutrition, population dynamics, and ecology across its vast range (from central Canada through northern South America). The book then discusses the history of management of white-tailed deer, beginning with early Native Americans and progressing through management by Europeans and examining population lows in the early 1900s, restocking efforts through the mid 1900s, and recent, overabundant populations that are becoming difficult to manage in many areas. Features: Co-published with the Quality Deer Management Association Compiles valuable information for white-tailed deer enthusiasts, managers, and biologists Written by an authoritative author team from diverse backgrounds Integrates white-tailed deer biology and management into a single volume Provides a thorough treatment of white-tailed deer antler biology Includes downloadable resources with color images The backbone of many state wildlife management agencies' policies and a featured hunting species through much of their range, white-tailed deer are an important species ecologically, socially, and scientifically in most areas of North America. Highly adaptable and now living in close proximity to humans in many areas, white-tailed deer are both the face of nature and the source of conflict with motorists, home-owners, and agricultural producers. Capturing the diverse aspects of white-tailed deer research, Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer is a reflection of the resources invested in the study of the species’ effects on ecosystems, predator-prey dynamics, population regulation, foraging behavior, and browser physiology.
Download or read book Threatened Deer written by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Survival Service Commission. Deer Specialist Group and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1978 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Influencing White tailed Deer Activity Patterns and Habitat Use written by Paul Beier and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitat Use by Columbian White tailed Deer written by Lowell H. Suring and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
