Download or read book Guidance for Creating Annual On road Mobile Source Emission Inventories for PM2 5 Nonattainment Areas for Use in SIPs and Conformity written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance document describes how state and local agencies should prepare annual inventories for PM2.5 SIPs or regional conformity analyses. It provides a range of methods for producing those inventories and guidance on how to decide which method is most appropriate. For state and local agencies currently preparing a regional conformity analysis before a SIP is developed, this guidance provides the option of using a simpler inventory approach than what they might eventually use in the SIP. This document also addresses the possible use of the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) in SIPs and conformity analyses.
Download or read book Guidance for Creating Annual On road Mobile Source Emission Inventories for PM2 5 Nonattainment Areas for Use in SIPs and Conformity written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance document describes how state and local agencies should prepare annual inventories for PM2.5 SIPs or regional conformity analyses. It provides a range of methods for producing those inventories and guidance on how to decide which method is most appropriate. For state and local agencies currently preparing a regional conformity analysis before a SIP is developed, this guidance provides the option of using a simpler inventory approach than what they might eventually use in the SIP. This document also addresses the possible use of the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) in SIPs and conformity analyses.
Download or read book Emissions inventory guidance for implementation of ozone and particulate matter national ambient air quality standards NAAQS and regional haze regulations written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implementation of the Existing Particulate Matter and Ozone Air Quality Standards written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot Spot Analyses in Pm2 5 and Pm10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas written by U. S. Environmental Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-04 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance describes how to complete quantitative hot-spot analyses for certain highway and transit projects in PM2.5 and PM10 (PM) nonattainment and maintenance areas. This guidance describes transportation conformity requirements for hot-spot analyses, and provides technical guidance on estimating project emissions with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) MOVES model, California's EMFAC model, and other methods. It also outlines how to apply air quality models for PM hot-spot analyses and includes additional references and examples. However, the guidance does not change the specific transportation conformity rule requirements for quantitative PM hot-spot analyses, such as what projects require these analyses. EPA has coordinated with the Department of Transportation (DOT) during the development of this guidance. Transportation conformity is required under Clean Air Act (CAA) section 176(c) (42 U.S.C. 7506(c)) to ensure that federally supported highway and transit project activities are consistent with (conform to) the purpose of a state air quality implementation plan (SIP). Conformity to the purpose of the SIP means that transportation activities will not cause or contribute to new air quality violations, worsen existing violations, or delay timely attainment of the relevant national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) or required interim milestones. EPA's transportation conformity rule (40 CFR 51.390 and Part 93) establishes the criteria and procedures for determining whether transportation activities conform to the SIP. Conformity applies to transportation activities in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related pollutants, including PM2.5 and PM10. This guidance is consistent with existing regulations and guidance for the PM NAAQS, SIP development, and other regulatory programs as applicable. This guidance does not address carbon monoxide (CO) hot-spot requirements or modeling procedures.
Download or read book Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Download or read book Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot Spot Analyses in Pm2 5 and Pm10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas written by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot-spot Analyses in PM2.5 and PM10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas
Download or read book Transportation Conformity written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation conformity is required under the Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 176(c) to ensure that Federally-supported transportation activities are consistent with (“conform to”) the purpose of a State Implementation Plan (SIP). Transportation conformity establishes the framework for improving air quality to protect public health and the environment. Conformity to the purpose of the SIP means Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding and approvals are given to highway and transit activities that will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing air quality violations, or delay timely attainment of the relevant air quality standard, or any interim milestone. This Guide was prepared to help State and local officials understand transportation conformity and how conformity requirements relate to transportation investments in their communities. Specifically, the implications of conformity on metropolitan transportation plans, transportation improvement programs (TIPs), and transportation projects are discussed. The Guide provides overview information on the major elements of the conformity process and provides answers to basic questions. Several exhibits are included in the Guide to illustrate key elements of the conformity process. Appendices are also included that discuss the health effects of pollutants, options to reduce on-road mobile source emissions, and resource agency contacts.
Download or read book Clean Fuel Fleet Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Fuel Fleet Program is one of several measures required to improve air quality in the Chicago ozone nonattainment area (Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will Counties, Owego Township in Kendall County and Aux Sable and Goose Lake Townships in Grundy County).
Download or read book Evaluation of Mobile Source Emissions and Trends written by Timothy Ryan Dallmann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile sources contribute significantly to air pollution problems. Relevant pollutants include numerous gaseous and particle-phase species that can affect human health, ecosystems, and climate. Accurate inventories of emissions from these sources are needed to help understand possible adverse impacts, and to develop effective air quality management strategies. Unfortunately large uncertainties persist in the understanding of mobile source emissions, and how these emissions are changing over time. There are more than two hundred million motor vehicles operating in the United States alone, and measurements of emissions from these sources are sparse. Pollutant emission factor distributions are becoming increasingly skewed, and this continually increases the needed vehicle sample size in studies that seek to quantify fleet-average vehicle emission rates. This dissertation aims to evaluate long-term trends in mobile source emissions in the United States, and to make detailed measurements of emissions from present-day fleets of on-road vehicles operating in California. Novel features of this work include studies of the in-use effectiveness of modern control technologies used to reduce diesel engine emissions, and application of advanced instrumentation to measure emissions from large numbers of on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution and with a high level of chemical and physical detail. Long-term trends in mobile source emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the United States were investigated through development of a fuel-based emission inventory. Annual emissions from on- and off-road gasoline and diesel engines were quantified for the years 1996-2006. Diesel engines were found to be the dominant mobile source of NOx and PM2.5, and on-road diesel vehicles were identified as the single largest anthropogenic source of NOx emissions in the United States as of 2005. The relative importance of diesel engines as a source of NOx grew over the ten-year time period considered here, while emissions from gasoline engines declined due to increased effectiveness and use of three-way catalytic converters. A comparison with national emission inventory estimates for 2005 found substantial differences in source contributions to overall mobile source emissions, with larger contributions from on-road diesel engines indicated in this study. The importance of diesel engines as a source of exhaust particulate matter emissions has led to the recent introduction of advanced emission control technologies in the United States, such as diesel particle filters (DPF), which have been required since 2007 for all new on-road heavy-duty (HD) diesel engines. In addition to national requirements for the use of such control devices on new engines, California has mandated accelerated clean-up of statewide emissions from older in-use diesel engines. This goal is to be achieved through filter retrofit and truck/engine replacement programs. This dissertation uses measurements of emissions from in-use HD diesel trucks at the Port of Oakland to evaluate the impacts of a DPF retrofit and truck replacement program. A plume capture method was developed to quantify black carbon (BC) and NOx emission factors for individual trucks and to characterize emission factor distributions. A comparison of emissions measured before and after the implementation of the truck retrofit/replacement rule shows a 54 " 11% reduction in the fleet-average BC emission factor, accompanied by a shift to a more highly skewed emission factor distribution. Although only particulate matter mass reductions were required in the first phase of the program, a 41 " 5% reduction in the fleet-average NOx emission factor was observed. These results provide an in-use/real-world assessment of the impact of DPF emission control systems, and a preview of emissions changes that may be expected from the extension of similar control programs to the entire HD truck fleet in California beginning in 2014. The plume capture method was further applied to measure emissions from a more diverse population of trucks observed at the Caldecott tunnel in summer 2010. Emissions from hundreds of individual trucks were measured, and emission factor distributions were characterized for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde, BC, as well as optical properties of the emitted particles. Emission factor distributions for all species were skewed, with a small fraction of trucks contributing disproportionately to total emissions. For example, half of the total measured NO2 and BC were produced by only 10% of the total measurements. Total NOx and formaldehyde showed less skewed emission factor distributions compared to CO and BC. Emission factors for NO2 were found to be anti-correlated with all other pollutants considered here. Also, the fleet-average NO2 emission factor increased 34 " 18% relative to the corresponding value measured at the same location in 2006. These findings confirm that the use of catalyzed DPF systems is leading to increased primary NO2 emissions. Absorption and scattering cross-section emission factors were used to calculate the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA, at 532 nm) for individual truck exhaust plumes, which averaged 0.14 " 0.03. This value of aerosol SSA is very low compared to typical values (0.90-0.99) observed in ambient air studies. It is indicative of a strongly light-absorbing aerosol, due to the high BC emissions that are a characteristic feature of diesel exhaust PM emissions. Measurements at the Caldecott tunnel also included efforts to quantify light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicle emission factors, and further investigation of the relative contributions of on-road gasoline and diesel engines to air pollutant emissions. Measurements of CO, NOx, PM2.5, BC, and organic aerosol (OA) were made in a tunnel traffic bore where LD vehicles account for>99% of total traffic. Measured pollutant concentrations were apportioned between LD gasoline vehicles and diesel trucks, and fleet-average emission factors were quantified for LD gasoline vehicles using a carbon balance method. Diesel trucks contributed 18 " 3, 22 " 5, 44 " 8% of measured NOx, OA, and BC concentrations, respectively, despite accounting for
Download or read book Review of Procedures for Estimating On road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories for 1990 Base Year SIPs written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compilation of Regulations written by United States. Federal Aviation Administration and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Conformity Guidance for 2012 PM2 5 Nonattainment Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book I 15 Corridor Utah County to Salt Lake County Utah and Salt Lake Counties written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Department of Energy Proposed Environmental Justice Strategy written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Issues Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot spot Analyses in PM2 5 and PM10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
