Download or read book Guestworker Visa Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Green Carrot America s Work Visa Crisis written by Rajiv Dabhadkar and published by American Work Permit. This book was released on with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is dedicated to the real life issues in the process of human migration. It discusses people movement that is tied to immigration and trade policy, where workers are treated as a commodity and is not just about selling a product or a service. It is about finding the future. It explores the future of the workers, the corporations and the society at large.The primary objective however is in finding the future. Not just a future in general, but specific futures for the individuals under the care of policies that govern people movement. The focus is the future in the sense that it makes a prediction about where the future lies and then takes specific steps to make that future happen. That is where the subject of human migration comes in. The globalized political and economic system creates illegality by displacing people and then denying the workers rights and equality as they have to do what they have to do in order to survive. Globalization forces people into migration into countries where the ideas of divide and rule have been codified as a legal justification for the injustices. Inequality therefore is re-created and re introduced by a global economic system. In the realm of social reality - this social inequality creates a caste system, where one class of workers is pitted against the other for personal gain. Where when one side of the coin gets tainted, the other side shines brightly, putting the society at large in a conundrum. This book examines the function of social inequality in a modern world of high-tech guest workers and Indias increasing dependence on exporting people to the labor pool in the global North. This book is titled Green Carrot - Americas Work Visa Crisis in recognition of this reality. While Indian workers serving with employers in the United States has been used as a case study, it aims to drive home a point - Should the human migration exports rest only on the economic needs or should they be more focused on the human rights of its workers?Through the book an attempt is made to explore the politics of the debate over immigration and trade policies between India and the United States. The book examines closely the cultural factors associated with the brokerage of intellectual capital and rights to intellectual property - two distinct yet, vulnerable areas in the political debate on immigration reform. The book examines body shopping as a business model that promotes the brokerage of intellectual capital and ends with the need for innovation, bringing focus on generating intellectual property. The book begins with examining what it means to be an indentured guest worker in labor bondage with a foreign employer - how immigration status is used to keep people vulnerable, to criminalize them and punish them when they try to improve their conditions. The narrative travels to examine how the visa status is used to control the movement of its foreign employee and how the brokerage of intellectual capital allows subjugation for personal gain and its consequences on family life. The book traces back in history to explore Americas dependence on foreign labor and examines how the present day system of body shopping in fact creates an economic system that benefit from the changes causing displacement, and also benefits from the labor displacement produces, especially those on the foreign work visas. It traces the development of the employer lobby set up to win expansion of the work visa programs. How the immigration policies have all but been about low salaries for foreign workers, excluding the local workers from competing for jobs thus dividing the work forces Finally the book suggests some alternatives, always the hardest part in the immigration debate. It concentrates on some of the most progressive ideas, which have been put forward by immigration and human rights activists.
Download or read book Immigration written by Andorra Bruno and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses guest worker programs. The United States has two main programs for temporarily importing low-skilled workers, or guest workers. Agricultural guest workers enter through the H-2A visa program, and other guest workers enter through the H-2B visa program.
Download or read book How to Make Guest Worker Visas Work written by Alex Nowrasteh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Obama and a bipartisan group of eight senators have begun to push for immigration reform. Speaker of the House John Boehner (R-OH) likewise said he supports an immigration overhaul as a “top priority” for 2013. The Texas Republican Party even called for an expanded and effective guest worker visa program to link American employers with skilled and low-skilled foreign workers. The three components of politically feasible immigration reform are legalization for some unauthorized immigrants, border and workplace enforcement to impede the entry and hiring of unauthorized immigrants, and increased numbers of guest workers and legal immigrants. The costs and benefits of legalization, security, and employee verification have been debated elsewhere in detail but the costs and benefits of guest worker visas and how to create them have not been similarly explored. An expanded and lightly regulated guest worker visa program is an essential part of any immigration reform proposal. A guest worker visa program should efficiently link foreign workers with American employers and function with a minimum of government interference. Market forces as well as security, criminal, and health concerns should be the factors that determine which workers acquire visas. A successful guest worker visa would also divert most unauthorized immigration into the legal system, shrink the informal economy, be easily enforceable, support economic growth in the United States, and narrow the government's role in immigration. Below are numerous suggestions that would achieve such reform and expand America's current guest worker visa programs.
Download or read book Guest Worker Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immigration Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has two main programs for temporarily importing low-skilled workers, or guest workers. Agricultural guest workers enter through the H-2A visa program, and other guest workers enter through the H-2B visa program. Before an employer can file a petition with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to import workers under either program, the employer must apply to the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) for a certification that U.S. workers capable of performing the work are not available and that the employment of alien workers will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers. Other requirements of the programs differ. In December 2008, DHS and DOL published final rules to significantly amend their H-2A and H- 2B regulations. The new rules became effective on January 17, 2009. Under the Obama Administration, DOL proposed a new H-2A rule to replace the 2008 rule. This rule was published in final form in February 2010 and went into effect on March 15, 2010. The Administration left intact the 2008 H-2A rule issued by DHS and the 2008 H-2B rules issued by DHS and DOL. The DHS 2008 H-2A and H-2B rules modify previous limitations on H-2A and H-2B workers? periods of stay in the United States. The rules also establish new requirements under both visas. They prohibit payments by prospective H-2A or H-2B workers to employers, recruiters, or other employment service providers where the payments are a condition of obtaining H-2A or H-2B employment, and provide for the denial or revocation of petitions in the event of petitioner violations. Among the other new requirements applicable to both programs, the DHS rules limit participation in the H-2A and H-2B programs to nationals of designated countries.
Download or read book Examining the Role of Lower skilled Guest Worker Programs in Today s Economy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce. Subcommittee on Workforce Protections and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guestworker Diplomacy written by Daniel Costa and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What originally began as a State Department program to facilitate exchanges of scientific and cultural knowledge has deviated far from its original intent. While some aspects of the J-1 exchange Visitor Program are unquestionably valuable - for example, allowing exceptionally talented non-U.S. citizens to study, research, and teach in the United States as Fulbright Scholars - most exchanges under the program are primarily employment-related. In fact, the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program is now the largest U.S. guestworker program in terms of annual admissions. Of the 350,000 exchange visitors and their spouses and dependents who entered the country in 2010, nearly 300,000 were employed in full- or part-time jobs during their stay. Exchange visitors from China, Russia, Brazil, and other countries all over the world are working in the United States as au pairs, ride operators at amusement parks, hotel maids, laborers on dairy farms, and other semi- or unskilled workers as well as in professional occupations such as teachers and physicians. This report is the product of an extensive six-month review of the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program. The analyses, described in the body of the report, led to a number of key findings, which are summarized below: The program displaces U.S. workers by providing significant direct and indirect financial incentives for individuals, companies and organizations that recruit exchange visitors as workers, “sponsor” exchange visitors, and hire them as lower-cost labor alternatives to U.S. workers or foreign guestworkers in other nonimmigrant visa classifications that provide greater protections for U.S. workers. Employers can legally discriminate against U.S. workers in favor of J-1 exchange visitors because they are not required to advertise their available jobs or seek available U.S. workers. This is true even in areas with persistently high unemployment, where many able and available U.S. workers may be willing to take even temporary jobs. Lax oversight and inadequate regulations allow employers to simply coordinate with sponsors to obtain foreign workers or sponsor those workers themselves, entirely bypassing the U.S. workforce. U.S. workers that are displaced by J-1 workers have no protections or enforcement tools under the State Department regulations. For example, employers are not required to pay exchange visitor workers a prevailing wage, the lack of which exerts downward pressure on the wages of U.S. workers. The State Department has outsourced the monitoring of compliance with program rules and oversight of program performance to the program sponsors and employers, who have a vested interest in optimizing their returns from the program. Sponsors and employers cannot be expected to report violations, which would jeopardize their financial gains. This amounts to an obvious conflict of interest. Because participants incur significant debt to participate in the Exchange Visitor Program and to travel to the United States, and because they are unable to easily switch between employers, they arrive virtually indentured to their employer. Outsourcing oversight of the program to sponsors and employers leaves the J-1 worker without adequate protection- and some have suffered exploitation as a result. Some program participants have been found living in overcrowded conditions, others begging, and in the most extreme cases forced to work in the sex trade. Housing what is essentially a labor program (and advertised as such on recruitment websites) in an agency concerned with foreign affairs doesn't make sense. In addition to a lack of expertise in policing the labor market, the State Department currently has only 13 compliance officers overseeing a program with more than 350,000 participants; thus their ability and resources to investigate complaints or violations by employers and sponsors are extremely limited. Over the past 21 years, government auditors, including the State Department's own Inspector General, have published three reports with scathing criticisms of the lack of oversight, the lack of data to make meaningful labor market assessments, and many other failings in the program. Nevertheless, while the size of the program has increased by 96% in those 21 years, no significant steps have been taken to address the concerns outlined in the reports. The four major flaws in the program that are most critical to address include: the lack of protection for U.S. workers; the State Department's overbroad authority to create new guestworker programs; the significant and inappropriate financial incentives for J visa sponsors and their partners; and the program's flawed system of management, data collection, oversight, compliance, and enforcement.
Download or read book Beside the Golden Door written by Pia M. Orrenius and published by AEI Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beside the Golden Door: U.S. Immigration Reform in a New Era of Globalization proposes a radical overhaul of current immigration policy designed to strengthen economic competitiveness and long-run growth. Pia M. Orrenius and Madeline Zavodny outline a plan that favors employment-based immigration over family reunification, making work-based visas the rule, not the exception. They argue that immigration policy should favor high-skilled workers while retaining avenues for low-skilled immigration; family reunification should be limited to spouses and minor children; provisional visas should be the norm; and quotas that lead to queuing must be eliminated.
Download or read book No Man s Land written by Cindy Hahamovitch and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From South Africa in the nineteenth century to Hong Kong today, nations around the world, including the United States, have turned to guestworker programs to manage migration. These temporary labor recruitment systems represented a state-brokered compromise between employers who wanted foreign workers and those who feared rising numbers of immigrants. Unlike immigrants, guestworkers couldn't settle, bring their families, or become citizens, and they had few rights. Indeed, instead of creating a manageable form of migration, guestworker programs created an especially vulnerable class of labor. Based on a vast array of sources from U.S., Jamaican, and English archives, as well as interviews, No Man's Land tells the history of the American "H2" program, the world's second oldest guestworker program. Since World War II, the H2 program has brought hundreds of thousands of mostly Jamaican men to the United States to do some of the nation's dirtiest and most dangerous farmwork for some of its biggest and most powerful agricultural corporations, companies that had the power to import and deport workers from abroad. Jamaican guestworkers occupied a no man's land between nations, protected neither by their home government nor by the United States. The workers complained, went on strike, and sued their employers in class action lawsuits, but their protests had little impact because they could be repatriated and replaced in a matter of hours. No Man's Land puts Jamaican guestworkers' experiences in the context of the global history of this fast-growing and perilous form of labor migration.
Download or read book Welcome guests written by Samantha Stephanie Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Customers enjoy low prices on supermarket shelves, yet these labels conceal the human costs found within food supply chains. While hyper-commodification and market integration significantly influence the neoliberal world food regime’s competitive pricing, equally important is dependence upon cheap, “low-skilled,” foreign workers to fulfill labor-intensive food production needs. Despite being staples of agro-capitalist societies, guestworkers are frequently exploited. The US is no exception. The legacy of plantation economics informs the US Guestworker Program’s structural foundation, creating a legally sanctioned underclass of disenfranchised and ghettoized H-2A and H-2B guestworkers with little recourse against employer abuse. Since the 1986 creation of the H-2A and H-2B visa categories, nearly 2.4 million of these temporary foreign workers have come to the US (US Department of Labor 2016). ☐ Using a feminist conceptual framework, this research examines the labor rights and protections of the US Guestworker Program’s H-2A and H-2B workforce through a case study approach using policy analysis and fieldwork. In my policy research I examine how the discourses of political actors have explicitly shaped and given meaning to the program’s labor rights and protections. The findings of this chapter demonstrate that for the past two decades (1995-2015), while most legislators propagated a politics of fear regarding immigration, systematic efforts by a small group of members of Congress focused on expanding the US Guestworker Program and decreasing “burdensome” H-2A and H-2B labor rights, often using policy proposals submitted by agribusiness groups. Without viable protections, both H-2A and H-2B workers are left in precarious employment conditions. Yet through targeted efforts by Congress – and endorsed by agribusiness – the rights of H-2B workers have been more readily marginalized than their H-2A counterparts. ☐ My fieldwork examines H-2A and H-2B workers lived experiences, and how stratified rights articulated within policy have translated to differences in protections on the ground.” I conducted fieldwork at two case study locations in the Mid-Atlantic region. I selected this region because it is both most representative of the nation’s distribution of H-2A and H-2B guestworkers, and also frequently overlooked. Through interviews with 28 H-2A and H-2B guestworkers, 16 community stakeholders, and 10 government employees, it was revealed that while both H-2A and H-2B workers experienced precarious working conditions, H-2B were more likely to experience abuse. Adding further nuance and complexity, through fieldwork, it was evident that a gendered division of labor separates the two visa categories. Gendered stereotypes about the migrant women pervade the US Guestworker Program, representing female guestworkers as a disposable, cheap, weak, and slow source of labor. Despite many women applying for H-2A visas in (relatively) higher-paying and better-monitored crop planting and harvesting jobs, they are assigned H-2B visas in lowly regulated food processing where contract fraud, wage theft, sexual harassment, and occupational injuries are rampant. ☐ Overall, this research argues that agribusiness influence over US Guestworker Program legislation has diluted guestworker labor rights and protections. While both H- 2A and H-2B workers must negotiate a terrain of constrained freedoms, women within the H-2B sector sustain the most precarious working conditions at the local level. Exploitation goes largely unchecked thanks to agribusiness’ concentration of political power. While there have been vocal advocates for guestworker rights in Congress, on the whole there is a lack of political will to reverse rollbacks in protections, or to institute the safeguards that all individuals – regardless of sex, race, class, and citizenship status – deserve.
Download or read book Regional Perspectives on Agricultural Guestworker Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating a Temporary Guest Worker Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Citizenship and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary."
Download or read book Be Our Guest written by William Terry and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-10-24 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adopting a geographic lens to examine the employment of guestworkers in the United States, Be Our Guest offers readers the most comprehensive analysis of guestwork in tourism that has been produced to date. In weaving together the constellation of political and economic factors that exist across multiple scales, the case is made for how and why so many tourism-dependent areas of the United States have developed a dependency on temporary foreign workforces. Taking a holistic approach, special emphasis is placed on the economic histories of these areas and shifting patterns of employment, seasonality, gentrification, and related housing shortages. Throughout, the voices of stakeholders involved in every aspect of guestwork are included: human resources managers battling labor shortages, town planners mitigating workforce housing shortages, and attorneys and advocates helping to directly assist migrant workers and affect policy changes. These perspectives are coupled with detailed analysis of state policies regarding guestworker visa programs and labor market stress to illustrate a vivid picture of the precarious lives of the migrant laborers who arrive in the United States. Be Our Guest serves to specifically address a lacuna in critical tourism studies and the growing concern among practitioners over workforce quality and supply. Nevertheless, it will benefit everyone with an interest in issues of labor migration, precarity, housing policy, and immigration reform.
Download or read book Close to Slavery written by Mary Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining the Role of Lower Skilled Guest Worker Programs in Today s Economy written by Subcommittee on Workforce Protections Committee on Education and the Workforce U.S. House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help our economy move forward we must ensure, first of all, all American workers have the tools they need to compete for good-paying jobs here at home. Additionally, we must do all that is reasonably possible to ensure employers are searching far and wide for American workers. Guest worker programs include a number of provisions intended to protect domestic workers. We do realize, however, there are times when the supply of domestic labor falls short of demand. For a variety of reasons and despite their best efforts, some employers simply cannot hire the workforce necessary to run their businesses. Guest workers help fill that void. The Immigration Nationality Act currently includes several guest worker visa programs, such as the H-1B program for highly skilled workers and the H-2B program for temporary non-agricultural workers. The law allows foreign workers to be admitted for a specific period of time and purpose. Under the H-2B program specifically, guest workers can enter the United States for up to 10 months and their stay can be extended up to 3 consecutive years.
Download or read book Temporary Agriculture Work Visa Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
