Download or read book Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Model and Supported Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes written by Yan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Download or read book Carbon Materials for Catalysis written by Philippe Serp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-31 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects of the use of carbonaceous materials in heterogeneous catalysis. It covers the preparation and characterization of carbon supports and carbon-supported catalysts; carbon surface chemistry in catalysis; the description of catalytic, photo-catalytic, or electro-catalytic reactions, including the development of new carbon materials such as carbon xerogels, aerogels, or carbon nanotubes; and new carbon-based materials in catalytic or adsorption processes. This is a premier reference for carbon, inorganic, and physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, chemical engineers, and others.

Download or read book Controlled Growth and Metrology of Carbon Nanotubes on Supported Co Mo Catalysts written by Veronica Magali Irurzun and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalyst Supports and Supported Catalysts written by Alvin B. Stiles and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1987 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Synthesis of Supported Catalysts for Carbon Nanotubes written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scalable Carbon Nanotube Growth and Design of Efficient Catalysts for Fischer Tropsch Synthesis written by Haider H. Almkhelfe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued depletion of fossil fuels and concomitant increase in greenhouse gases have encouraged worldwide research on alternative processes to produce clean fuel. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a heterogeneous catalytic reaction that converts syngas (CO and H2) to liquid hydrocarbons. FTS is a well-established route for producing clean liquid fuels. However, the broad product distribution and limited catalytic activity are restricting the development of FTS. The strong interactions between the active metal catalyst (Fe or Co) and support (Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2) during post-synthesis treatments of the catalyst (such as calcination at ~500°C and reduction ~550°C) lead to formation of inactive and unreducible inert material like Fe2SiO4, CoAl2O4, Co2SiO4. The activity of FTS catalyst is negatively impacted by the presence of these inactive compounds. In our study, we demonstrate the use of a modified photo-Fenton process for the preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported Co and Fe catalysts that are characterized by small and well-dispersed catalyst particles on CNTs that require no further treatments. The process is facile, highly scalable, and involves the use of green catalyst precursors and an oxidant. The reaction kinetic results show high CO conversion (85%), selectivity for liquid hydrocarbons and stability. Further, a gaseous product mixture from FTS (C1-C4) was utilized as an efficient feedstock for the growth of high-quality, well-aligned single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) carpets of millimeter-scale heights on Fe and (sub) millimeter-scale heights on Co catalysts via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Although SWCNT carpets were grown over a wide temperature range (between 650 and 850°C), growth conducted at optimal temperatures for Co (850°C) and Fe (750°C) yielded predominantly SWCNTs that are straight, clean, and with sidewalls that are largely free of amorphous carbon. Also, low-temperature CVD growth of CNT carpets from Fe and Fe-Cu catalysts using a gaseous product mixture from FTS as a superior carbon feedstock is demonstrated. The efficiency of the growth process is evidenced by the highly dense, vertically aligned CNT structures from both Fe and Fe-Cu catalysts even at temperatures as low as 400°C-a record low growth temperature for CNT carpets obtained via conventional thermal CVD. The use of FTS-GP facilitates low-temperature growth of CNT carpets on traditional (alumina film) and nontraditional substrates (aluminum foil) and has the potential of enhancing CNT quality, catalyst lifetime, and scalability. We demonstrate growth of SWCNT carpets with diameter distributions that are smaller than SWCNTs in conventional carpets using a CVD process that utilizes the product gaseous mixture from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS-GP). The high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) and Raman spectroscopic results reveal that the use of a high melting point metal as a catalyst promoter in combination with either Co (1.5 nm ± 0.7) at 850oC or Fe (1.9 nm ± 0.8) at 750oC yields smaller-diameter SWCNT arrays with narrow diameter distributions. Scalable synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and onion like carbon (OLC) in a batch reactor using supercritical fluids as a reaction media is demonstrated. The process utilizes toluene, ethanol, or butanol as a carbon precursor in combination with ferrocene that serves as a catalyst precursor and a secondary carbon source. The use of supercritical fluids for growth does not only provide a route for selective growth of a variety of carbon nanomaterials, but also provides a unique one-step approach that is free of aggressive acid treatment for synthesis of CNT-supported metallic nanoparticle composites for catalysis and energy storage applications.

Download or read book Graphite Fibers and Filaments written by Mildred S. Dresselhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was begun after three of the present authors gave a series of in vited talks on the subject of the structure and properties of carbon filaments. This was at a conference on the subject of optical obscuration, for which submicrometer diameter filaments with high length-to-diameter ratios have potential applications. The audience response to these talks illustrated the need of just one scientific community for a broader knowledge of the struc ture and properties of these interesting materials. Following the conference it was decided to expand the material presented in the conference proceedings. The aim was to include in a single volume a description of the physical properties of carbon fibers and filaments. The research papers on this topic are spread widely in the literature and are found in a broad assortment of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering and polymer science journals and conference proceedings (some of which are obscure). Accordingly, our goal was to produce a book on the subject which would enable students and other researchers working in the field to gain an overview of the subject up to about 1987.

Download or read book Nanotechnology in Catalysis 3 written by Bing Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume continues the tradition formed in Nanotechnology in Catalysis 1 and 2. As with those books, this one is based upon an ACS symposium. Some of the most illustrious names in heterogeneous catalysis are among the contributors. The book covers: Design, synthesis, and control of catalysts at nanoscale; understanding of catalytic reaction at nanometer scale; characterization of nanomaterials as catalysts; nanoparticle metal or metal oxides catalysts; nanomaterials as catalyst supports; new catalytic applications of nanomaterials.

Download or read book Carbon Materials for Catalysis written by Philippe Serp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects of the use of carbonaceous materials in heterogeneous catalysis. It covers the preparation and characterization of carbon supports and carbon-supported catalysts; carbon surface chemistry in catalysis; the description of catalytic, photo-catalytic, or electro-catalytic reactions, including the development of new carbon materials such as carbon xerogels, aerogels, or carbon nanotubes; and new carbon-based materials in catalytic or adsorption processes. This is a premier reference for carbon, inorganic, and physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, chemical engineers, and others.

Download or read book Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Different Support catalyst Systems for Advanced Interconnects in Integrated Circuits written by Sascha Hermann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes written by Jiji Abraham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 2099 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook covers the fundamentals of carbon nanotubes (CNT), their composites with different polymeric materials (both natural and synthetic) and their potential advanced applications. Three different parts dedicated to each of these aspects are provided, with chapters written by worldwide experts in the field. It provides in-depth information about this material serving as a reference book for a broad range of scientists, industrial practitioners, graduate and undergraduate students, and other professionals in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering. Part 1 comprises 22 chapters covering early stages of the development of CNT, synthesis techniques, growth mechanism, the physics and chemistry of CNT, various innovative characterization techniques, the need of functionalization and different types of functionalization methods as well as the different properties of CNT. A full chapter is devoted to theory and simulation aspects. Moreover, it pursues a significant amount of work on life cycle analysis of CNT and toxicity aspects. Part 2 covers CNT-based polymer nanocomposites in approximately 23 chapters. It starts with a short introduction about polymer nanocomposites with special emphasis on CNT-based polymer nanocomposites, different manufacturing techniques as well as critical issues concerning CNT-based polymer nanocomposites. The text deeply reviews various classes of polymers like thermoset, elastomer, latex, amorphous thermoplastic, crystalline thermoplastic and polymer fibers used to prepare CNT based polymer composites. It provides detailed awareness about the characterization of polymer composites. The morphological, rheological, mechanical, viscoelastic, thermal, electrical, electromagnetic shielding properties are discussed in detail. A chapter dedicated to the simulation and multiscale modelling of polymer nanocomposites is an additional attraction of this part of the Handbook. Part 3 covers various potential applications of CNT in approximately 27 chapters. It focuses on individual applications of CNT including mechanical applications, energy conversion and storage applications, fuel cells and water splitting, solar cells and photovoltaics, sensing applications, nanofluidics, nanoelectronics and microelectronic devices, nano-optics, nanophotonics and nano-optoelectronics, non-linear optical applications, piezo electric applications, agriculture applications, biomedical applications, thermal materials, environmental remediation applications, anti-microbial and antibacterial properties and other miscellaneous applications and multi-functional applications of CNT based polymer nanocomposites. One chapter is fully focussed on carbon nanotube research developments: published papers and patents. Risks associated with carbon nanotubes and competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes with other carbon allotropes are also addressed in this Handbook.

Download or read book The Role of Hydrogen in the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes written by Jin Suk Calvin Kim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) A preliminary model for CNT growth in which the oxidation state of iron determines its catalytic activity is proposed, and it is argued that the effects of H2 seen in this study are the result of the interplay of H2 reduction and oxidation associated with a low partial of 02 in CVD gases.

Download or read book In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Carbon Nanotube Nucleation Mechanism and Carbon Nanotube Clamped Metal Atomic Chains written by Dai-Ming Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approach to investigate the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as the fabrication and properties of CNT-clamped metal atomic chains (MACs) is the focus of the research summarized in this thesis. The application of an in situ TEM approach in the above-mentioned research provides not only real-time observation but also monitored machining and structural evolvement at the atomic level. In this thesis, the author introduces a CNT tubular nano furnace that can be operated under TEM for investigation of the CNT nucleation mechanism. By studying the nucleation process of CNTs in the presence of various catalysts, including iron-based metallic catalysts and silicon oxide-based non-metallic catalysts, the physical states of the catalysts as well as the nucleation and growth process of CNTs are revealed. Based on the understanding of the nucleation mechanism, the author proposes a hetero-epitaxial growth strategy of CNTs from boron nitride, which provides a new route for the controllable growth of CNTs. In addition, the author presents an electron beam-assisted nanomachining technique and the fabrication of a CNT-clamped MAC prototype device based on this technique. The formation process of CNT-clamped Fe atomic chains (ACs) can be monitored with atomic resolution. The demonstrated quantized conductance and uninfluenced half-metallic properties of Fe ACs indicate that CNTs can be promising nanoscale electrodes or interconnectors for the linking and assembly of nano and subnano structures.

Download or read book Rational Catalyst Design for Carbon Nanotube Carpet Growth and Fischer Tropsch Synthesis written by Xu Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this research involves the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays (or CNT carpets) that are desired in many important applications. Growth of high-quality, dense CNT carpets via catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) has been largely limited to catalysts supported on amorphous alumina or silica. Although catalyst design and CCVD process optimization have been extensively investigated, scalable growth of CNT carpets especially on nontraditional substrates remains largely a challenge. To develop a rational basis for designing efficient CNT catalysts, a deeper understanding of the role of substrates in CNT carpet growth during CCVD is required. In this study, a fundamental investigation of the effects of substrate properties on CNT carpet growth from supported catalysts under different reaction conditions and feedstock is carried out. To illuminate the interrelationships between properties of catalyst supporting layers on CNT carpet growth behaviors, CNT growth experiments from Fe catalyst supported on a variety of nontraditional substrates including stainless steel (SS), MgO, MgAl2O4 (100, 110, and 111 crystalline phases), and ZrO2 were carried out. This study reveals that ion beam bombardment of 316 SS decreases the film thickness of AlxOy required for CNT growth to 5 nm AlxOy. The role of ion beam bombardment is to transform a highly crystalline surface into an amorphous surface, resulting in favorable catalyst-substrate interactions that enhances CNT growth. Our results reveal that Fe catalyst supported on different phases of MgAl2O4 spinel substrates show different CNT growth behaviors due to their different surface chemistries and surface energies. The second part of this research is motivated by the drive to seek new routes that yield clean fuels and chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). FTS provides a pathway for the transformation of biomass, coal or natural gas into fuels and chemicals using a transition metal catalyst. Co-based catalysts are of interest because they exhibit relatively higher activity and selectivity to long-chain paraffins, high resistance to deactivation, and a low water-gas shift (WGS) reaction activity. Catalytic performance is sensitive to the catalyst preparation method and type of catalyst precursor. To investigate the effect of the type of catalyst precursor used during synthesis on physicochemical properties and efficiency of FTS process, SiO2-supported Co catalysts were synthesized via an incipient wetness impregnation method from four different precursors: Co(NO3)2 (Co-Nit), Co(C2H3O2)2 (Co-Ace), CoCl2 (Co-Chl), and Co(OH)2 (Co-Hyd). This study reveals the type of Co precursor used during synthesis has significant effects on catalyst dispersion, size, crystalline phase, reducibility, stability, and FTS performance (CO conversion, C5+ selectivity, turnover frequency, and catalyst lifetime). Prenatal and postmortem characterization of the catalyst reveal sintering and formation of Co2C in all catalysts except Co-Nit, which may explain the various degrees of deactivation observed. Further, XANES and EXAFS data confirm the superior structural stability of Co-Hyd and presence of hydroxyl groups even after reaction.

Download or read book Aligned Carbon Nanotubes written by Zhifeng Ren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.

Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri Food and Environmental Applications written by Kamel Ahmed Abd-Elsalam and published by Micro & Nano Technologies. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications discusses the characterization, processing and applications of carbon-based nanostructured materials in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Sections discuss the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes, the technological developments in environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials, and agri-food applications. The book also covers the toxic effects of engineered carbon nanoparticles on the environment, and in plants and animals. Finally, quality control and risk management are addressed to assess health and environmental risks. This is an applicable book for graduate students, researchers and those in industrial sectors of science and technology who want to learn more about carbon nanomaterials. Compares a range of carbon-based nanomaterials, showing how they are used for a range of agricultural and environmental applications Discusses the challenges and toxicity of different types of carbon-based nanomaterials for environmental and agricultural applications Explores when different classes of nanomaterial should be used in different environments