Download or read book Growth and Electrical Properties of Chemical Vapour Deposited Low Dimensional Sp2 Carbons written by Yee Yuan Tan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes the growth of Sp2 carbon materials - namely graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials using a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. A novel CVD process tool based on a photothermal process (PT-CVD) that differs from standard thermal CVD has been developed. This thesis reports the investigations into the properties of the deposited carbon nanomaterials and applications that exploit their electronic properties. The first investigation is into the growth of vertically aligned MWCNT forests. Growth of CNTs at 370°C by a one-step PT-CVD method was demonstrated. The growth rate can reach ~ 1.3 um/min, which is faster than most other reported thermal CVD methods. The use of bimetallic catalyst (Fe/Ti) and the use of rapid thermal process are the keys to this process. AFM topography studies showed that the fast top-down heating mode of the PT-CVD leads to the formation of a Fe/Ti uniform solid solution, which is believed to improve the CNT growth. These CNTs are composed of a few layer crystalline graphene sheets with a 5-6 nm diameter. Raman scattering provides supporting evidence that the as-grown CNTs are of high quality, better than some CNTs grown at higher temperatures by traditional CVD methods. CVD growth of graphene was investigated using Cu foils as substrate, with the field- effect in the graphene subsequently demonstrated by transferring it to a back-gate bottom contact transistor arrangement using poly-4-vinyl-phenol gate dielectric as an alternative to oxide based insulators. This graphene transistor showed a simple, inexpensive fabrication method that is completely compatible to large scale fabrication of organic devices, to demonstrate a field effect hole mobility of 37 cm2/ Vs. Despite the mobility being lower than that found in exfoliated graphene, it demonstrates the potential of a graphene based all carbon transistor for large area electronics. The fabrication and electrical performance of a 3 terminal graphene device is further reported. This device displayed characteristics similar to a p-type graphene FET. While past investigations of distortion and saturation in transfer characteristics of graphene FET indicated that metal-graphene interaction may be the controlling mechanism, this device operation is based on the design of transferring graphene onto a Diamond-like- carbon DLC/p-Si heterostructure with Si as the back contact and with the DLC acting as the dielectric support in contact to graphene. Thus, this provided a mechanism for the DLC/p-Si heterojunction to moderate the I-V characteristics of this device, resulting in a p-type only conduction process in graphene that is also saturable. Following the work on using conventional thermal CVD (T-CVD) for graphene growth, we demonstrated the possibility of using the PT-CVD to develop a graphene growth process. It is found that the non-thermal equilibrium nature of PT -CVD process resulted in a much shorter duration in both heating up and cooling down, thus allows the reduction of the overall growth time for graphene. The choice of performing growth on Ni also allows for the alleviation of hydrogen blister damage that is commonly encountered during growth on Cu substrates. To characterize the film's electrical and optical properties, pristine PT -CVD grown graphene was used as the transparent electrode material in an organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) and is found to be comparable to that reported using pristine graphene prepared by conventional CVD.

Download or read book Synthesis of Sp2 and Sp3 Carbon Materials written by Derek Keefer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is the backbone of hundreds of products ranging from conductors to insulators and lubricants to machining tools. Diamond is the hardest material known and graphite is one of the softest, but there is a need for materials in between these two extremes. By taking advantage of the different pressure-dependent thermodynamic stabilities of graphite and diamond, the degree of sp2 and sp3 bonding in amorphous carbon materials can be varied. This control over bonding opens avenues for tuning properties such as electrical conductivity, hardness, and optical transmission. Two approaches to controlling sp3 and sp2 carbon formation have been studied. The first investigates techniques to deposit carbon at elevated pressures by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The second group of experiments involves high pressure synthesis techniques using a diamond anvil cell and developing precursors that will react at lower temperatures and pressures to give materials with sought after properties. This report is an investigation of the effect of high-pressure on the formation of amorphous carbon materials deposited by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition, dielectric breakdown plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and laser induced plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This report describes novel deposition and growth techniques such as high-pressure CVD of sp2 carbon wires in microcapillaries, with preliminary results showing increased sp3 bonding with the formation of a hydrogenated carbon material via plasma enhanced depositions. The second method approaches the tuning of sp2 and sp3 hybridization of carbon from the other direction of taking high pressure synthesis techniques and develop initial precursors that react at lower pressures forming an sp3 interconnected network. With pressure, amorphous carbons can also be made by compressing materials to the point where it is favorable for atoms to form new bonds. My focus is on developing a precursor that will react at lower pressure and temperatures than current fabrication techniques for forming ultra-hard materials such as diamond and cubic boron nitride. We have investigated precursors with highly unsaturated groups like cyanides and acetylenes because they have the potential to form new bonds. We have characterized these compounds with in situ Raman, IR, and XRD to track structural changes. Three different precursors have been studied to understand the effect of the starting structure on the reactivity and sp2/sp3 nature. By lowering the reaction pressure, bulk high pressure synthesis techniques could be used for more commercial applications.

Download or read book Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites written by Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents emerging economical and environmentally friendly polymer composites that are free of the side effects observed in traditional composites. It focuses on eco-friendly composite materials using granulated cork, a by-product of the cork industry; cellulose pulp from the recycling of paper residues; hemp fibers; and a range of other environmentally friendly materials procured from various sources. The book presents the manufacturing methods, properties and characterization techniques of these eco-friendly composites. The respective chapters address classical and recent aspects of eco-friendly polymer composites and their chemistry, along with practical applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, automotive and other sectors. Topics addressed include the fundamentals, processing, properties, practicality, drawbacks and advantages of eco-friendly polymer composites. Featuring contributions by experts in the field with a variety of backgrounds and specialties, the book will appeal to researchers and students in the fields of materials science and environmental science. Moreover, it fills the gap between research work in the laboratory and practical applications in related industries.

Download or read book Advances in Carbon Nanostructures written by Adrián Silva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon atoms have the amazing ability to bond in remarkable different manners that can assume distinct astonishing dimensional arrangements from which absolutely diverse and interesting nanostructured carbon materials are obtained. This book aims to cover the most recent advances in (i) Graphene and derivatives, including graphene-based magnetic composites, membranes, wafer devices, and nanofibers for several applications, as well as some particular properties, such as light emission from graphene; (ii) Carbon nanotubes heaters and fibers for reinforcement of cement and diamond-based thin films; and (iii) Nanofluids consisting of both graphene and carbon nanotubes, apart from reporting some important case studies dealing with carbon nanostructures and their use in sensors, coatings, or electromagnetic wave absorbers.

Download or read book Advanced Materials and Nano Systems Theory and Experiment part 1 written by Dibya Prakash Rai and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience, and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment covers several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update students, teachers, and scientists by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering and electronics This part covers 12 topics in these areas: 1. Carbon and boron nitride nanostructures for hydrogen storage applications 2. Nanomaterials for retinal implants 3. Materials for rechargeable battery electrodes 4. Cost-effective catalysts for ammonia production 5. The role of nanocomposites in environmental remediation 6. Optical analysis of organic and inorganic components 7. Metal-oxide nanoparticles 8. Mechanical analysis of orthopedic implants 9. Advanced materials and nanosystems for catalysis, sensing and wastewater treatment 10. Topological Nanostructures 11. Hollow nanostructures

Download or read book Carbohydrate Chemistry written by Amélia Pilar Rauter and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of the structure, recognition, and function of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates remains crucial in diverse areas at the interface of biology, chemistry and biotechnology and is driving innovation in biomedical and material sciences. This new volume contains original work and critical reviews covering the current state-of-the-art and scientific advances in carbohydrate research and demonstrates cross-disciplinary areas within the field of glycosciences. Most of the chapters are contributions from speakers of the 14th International Meeting of the Portuguese Carbohydrate Group – GLUPOR 14, held in Caparica, Lisbon in January 2023. GLUPOR international meetings have a long history, with the first taking place in Lisbon in 1995 organized by Professor Amélia Pilar Rauter and resulting from the foundation of the Portuguese Carbohydrate Group of the Portuguese Chemical Society. Following the first meeting, GLUPOR has been held every two years providing a unique opportunity to strengthen collaborations and opening new directives for the carbohydrate community. The topics in Volume 46 cover current methods for stereoselective synthesis of carbohydrates, technologies for increasing the efficiency of glycosylation reactions, value-added carbohydrate-based materials towards more sustainable approaches, molecular recognition and structural-based approaches and bioinformatics to understand microbe–host interactions and to develop new applications in biotechnology and tools in the glycosciences. This set of reports will certainly benefit any researcher who wishes to learn about the latest developments in the carbohydrate field from basic to applied research.

Download or read book Advanced Production and Industrial Engineering written by R.M. Singari and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Things change rapidly in the field of engineering, and awareness of innovation in production techniques is essential for those working in the field if they are to utilise the best and most appropriate solutions available. This book presents the proceedings of ICAPIE-22, the 7th International Conference on Advanced Production and Industrial Engineering, held on 11 and 12 June 2022 in Delhi, India. The aim of the conference was to explore new windows for discoveries in design, materials and manufacturing, which have an important role in all fields of scientific growth, and to provide an arena for the showcasing of advancements and research endeavours from around the world. The 102 peer-reviewed and revised papers in this book include a large number of technical papers with rich content, describing ground-breaking research from various institutes. Covering a wide range of topics and promoting the contribution of production and industrial engineering and technology for a sustainable future, the book will be of interest to all those working in production and industrial engineering.

Download or read book 6th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2021 written by Juliana Usman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the field of biomedical engineering, with a special emphasis on achievements by Asian research groups. It covers machine learning and computational modeling methods applied to biomedical and clinical research, advanced methods for biosignal processing and bioimaging, MEMS applications, and advances in biosensors. Further topics include biomechanics, prosthetics, orthotics and tissue engineering. Other related (bio-) engineering applications, such as in ecosystem development, water quality assessment, and material research, are also covered. Gathering the proceedings of the 6th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, held online on July 28-29, 2021 from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the book is intended to provide researchers and professionals with extensive and timely information on the state-of-the-art research and applications in biomedical engineering, and to promote interdisciplinary and international collaborations.

Download or read book Electrochromic Materials and Devices written by Roger J. Mortimer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.

Download or read book Oxide Electronics written by Asim K. Ray and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide Electronics Multiple disciplines converge in this insightful exploration of complex metal oxides and their functions and properties Oxide Electronics delivers a broad and comprehensive exploration of complex metal oxides designed to meet the multidisciplinary needs of electrical and electronic engineers, physicists, and material scientists. The distinguished author eschews complex mathematics whenever possible and focuses on the physical and functional properties of metal oxides in each chapter. Each of the sixteen chapters featured within the book begins with an abstract and an introduction to the topic, clear explanations are presented with graphical illustrations and relevant equations throughout the book. Numerous supporting references are included, and each chapter is self-contained, making them perfect for use both as a reference and as study material. Readers will learn how and why the field of oxide electronics is a key area of research and exploitation in materials science, electrical engineering, and semiconductor physics. The book encompasses every application area where the functional and electronic properties of various genres of oxides are exploited. Readers will also learn from topics like: Thorough discussions of High-k gate oxide for silicon heterostructure MOSFET devices and semiconductor-dielectric interfaces An exploration of printable high-mobility transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors Treatments of graphene oxide electronics, magnetic oxides, ferroelectric oxides, and materials for spin electronics Examinations of the calcium aluminate binary compound, perovoksites for photovoltaics, and oxide 2Degs Analyses of various applications for oxide electronics, including data storage, microprocessors, biomedical devices, LCDs, photovoltaic cells, TFTs, and sensors Suitable for researchers in semiconductor technology or working in materials science, electrical engineering, and physics, Oxide Electronics will also earn a place in the libraries of private industry researchers like device engineers working on electronic applications of oxide electronics. Engineers working on photovoltaics, sensors, or consumer electronics will also benefit from this book.

Download or read book Fuel Cell written by Dr. Abhik Chatterjee and published by Ukiyoto Publishing. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty-first millennium, the popularity for cleaner and more sustainable sources has become a powerful driving force in maintaining economic development and, as a result, improving human living conditions. In that regard, Fuel cells are widely acknowledged to be the foundation of clean energy, because of their high efficiency, high energy density, and low cost or no emissions. Fuel cells have recently experienced a surge in popularity. Recent progress in fuel cell system development and implementation necessitate basic scientific and technological knowledge as well as advanced techniques in fuel cell design and analysis. The content of the book has been discussed in a clear and concise way. This book contains 7 chapters. The aim of the book is to familiarize you with some ideas about the fuel cell. The objective of this book is not to consider all parts of Fuel cells but rather to present a bird’s view and understanding for the typical steps. The first chapter discusses the problems of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, the importance of the fuel cell, as well as its benefits and drawbacks. The short history of fuel cells is presented in Chapter 2, and the applications of fuel cells in various fields are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 covers fundamental electrochemistry, fuel cell technology, and so on. The various types of fuels and fuel cells are discussed in Chapter 5.Chapter 6 gives some fuel cell reactions and some important mechanisms. The last chapter, chapter 7, contains various questions and their answers.

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Graphene written by Toshiaki Enoki and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a chemistry aspect, graphene is the extrapolated extreme of condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules to infinite size. Here, the concept on aromaticity which organic chemists utilize is applicable. Interesting issues appearing between physics and chemistry are pronounced in nano-sized graphene (nanographene), as we recognize the importance of the shape of nanographene in understanding its electronic structure. In this book, the fundamental issues on the electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties of condensed polycyclic hyodrocarbon molecules, nanographene and graphene are comprehensively discussed.

Download or read book Polymers in Defence and Aerospace Applications written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications written by Loutfy H. Madkour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications covers the fundamentals of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) and their potential for technological and industrial applications. Addressing recent advancements in technology and improvement in material synthesis, the book outlines how functionalized CNMs are used in nanobiotechnology, for active sorbent materials, and in pharmaceutical applications. Chapters cover macro-scale applications, biosensors and drug delivery, and treatment in cancer and coronavirus diseases. Key features: Through up-to-date references, this book demonstrates that carbon-based nanomaterials are one of the most promising nanomaterials in medical applications, such as drug and gene delivery carriers, as well as nonmedical, environmental applications. Discusses the synthesis methods of processing (CQDs), (GQDs), (CPDs), and (g-C3N4) materials-based nanocomposites for biotechnological applications. Chapters address various classes of carbon nanomaterials and their innovative technologies. Opens up further exploration of environmental nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials. Full references can be found via the Support Material: www.routledge.com/9781032635934. Written by a leading expert, this volume provides the reader with thorough coverage of bionanotechnology and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials.

Download or read book Physics and Applications of Graphene written by Sergey Mikhailov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age... Every global epoch in the history of the mankind is characterized by materials used in it. In 2004 a new era in material science was opened: the era of graphene or, more generally, of two-dimensional materials. Graphene is the strongest and the most stretchable known material, it has the record thermal conductivity and the very high mobility of charge carriers. It demonstrates many interesting fundamental physical effects and promises a lot of applications, among which are conductive ink, terahertz transistors, ultrafast photodetectors and bendable touch screens. In 2010 Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". The two volumes Physics and Applications of Graphene - Experiments and Physics and Applications of Graphene - Theory contain a collection of research articles reporting on different aspects of experimental and theoretical studies of this new material.

Download or read book Advances in Greener Energy Technologies written by Akash Kumar Bhoi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents ongoing research activities of currently available renewable energy technologies and the approaches towards clean technology for enabling a socio-economic model for the present and future generations to live in a clean and healthy environment. The book provides chapter wise implementation of research works in the area of green energy technologies with proper methods used with solution strategies and energy efficiency approaches by combining theory and practical applications. Readers are introduced to practical problems of green computation and hybrid resources optimization with solution based approaches from the current research outcomes. The book will be of use to researchers, professionals, and policy-makers alike.