Download or read book Groundwater Derived Nutrient Inputs to Western Coastal Waters of Saipan Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands written by Melissa A. Knapp and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is frequently a significant source of nutrient inputs to coastal waters. Saipan, the largest of the islands in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), has experienced degradation of seagrass beds and corals over the past 50 years, due in part to nutrient pollution. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the spatial and temporal variability in SGD and associated nutrient fluxes along the western coast of Saipan. Radon was measured along the western shore during dry (March) and rainy (August) seasons with a RAD7 radon detector. These surveys indicated one consistent source of SGD and another seasonally variable region of SGD. Four cross-shore transects were sampled for radium, another natural tracer, in regions with elevated radon. Radium activities were measured using a delayed coincidence counter (RaDeCC) system. 223Ra flux was used to calculate SGD; of the measured Ra isotopes, 223Ra had the best fit log-linear decrease along cross-shore transects and declined to negligible levels 100 m from shore. The activities of 223Ra were highest at the shoreline (2.0 - 6.9 dpm/100 L) and decreased in a log-linear fashion to a minimum measured activity 100 m from shore (0.4 - 2.1 dpm/100 L). Nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate) were analyzed on an EasyChem Plus autoanalyzer. Total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, sum of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) in the coastal ocean ranged from below detection to 0.36 ppm in March and below detection to 0.65 ppm in August. Groundwater DIN ranged from 0.17 - 1.42 ppm in March and below detection - 6.66 ppm in August. The tidal prism method was used in conjunction with a box model approach to quantify SGD. SGD estimated for the region with consistent discharge was 0.06 - 10.9 m3/m/day in March and 0.07 - 10.4 m3/m/day in August. The region of seasonal discharge had a smaller magnitude of 0.02 - 0.57 m3/m/day. Estimated nutrient fluxes, using coastal wells as the groundwater endmember, indicated that SGD can contribute up to 2000 mol N/day in Garapan Lagoon. These results suggest that SGD is an important source of nutrients to Saipan's coastal waters.
Download or read book Impact of Flux Residence Time and Nutrient Load of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Coastal Phytoplankton Growth in Coastal Waters of Hawai i written by Kayla D. Holleman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important land-to-ocean pathway for biogeochemically significant nutrients, such as nitrate, silicate and phosphate. Introduction of new bioavailable nutrients from SGD into coastal waters can alter a coastal system's nutrient balance, and may result in increases in phytoplankton or macroalgae growth that in turn can cause other ecological shifts in biological species' composition (Valiela et al., 1990). In order to attempt a first investigation of the possible relative impact(s) of the amount, flux, and residence times of SGD and SGD-derived nutrients on coastal phytoplankton in the oligotrophic coastal waters off Hawaii, detailed studies were completed to compare the flux and residence times of SGD and SGD-derived nutrients on biological processes at three sites on the leeward-side of the Koolau Mountains along the southern shore of Oahu (the Ala Wai Canal, Black Point, and Wailupe Beach) and at one site on the leeward-side of Hualalai, on the western side of the Big Island of Hawaii (Honokohau Harbor, Hawaii). At each site, radon and short-lived radium isotopes were used to calculate the flux of SGD and SGD-derived constituents into the coastal areas and their residence times. The rate of uptake of 13C by photoautotrophs was determined using in situ incubation experiments with addition of 13C-labeled bicarbonate at most sites and was used as a relative indicator of photosynthetic activity and its response to potential input of SGD-derived nutrients At study sites along the southern shore of Oahu, nutrient fluxes for a shoreline length of 1.18 km was 281 PO43−, 113,015 Si(OH)4, and 10,505 NO3− mol/d, respectively. Nutrient fluxes for Honokohau Harbor, estimated to have a 375-m wide seepage face, were 194 PO43−, 31,998 Si(OH)4, and 3,123 NO3− mol/d respectively. Photosynthetic carbon production rates were significantly higher for the Ala Wai Canal (1.39 [micro]gC/L/h) than for Honokohau Harbor (0.10[micro]gC/L/h). Using these carbon uptake rates and assuming a Redfield C:N:P ratio of 106:16:1, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rates for both the Ala Wai Canal and Honokohau Harbor were less than 2% of the nutrients delivered by SGD. Variation in the N:P ratios observed in the groundwater and coastal waters could imply nutrient limitation. We found for the restricted estuarine-like embayments of the Ala Wai canal (water mass residence time 10-13 days) and Honokohau Harbor (water mass residence time 0.5 -6 days), that primary productivity is not controlled by the availability of nutrients (nutrient supply> phytoplankton demand in both settings), but is nonetheless directly linked to each water mass' residence time. As nutrients are in excess of demand in both settings, we conclude that it is the physical longevity and residence time of the phytoplankton itself that ultimately controls each basin's ultimate level of sustained primary productivity.
Download or read book The Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Nutrient Dynamics in a Sub polar Mudflat written by Josianne Haag and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays a major role in the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles controlling nearshore nutrient availability. The Northern Gulf of Alaska coastline is highly diverse, ranging from rocky beaches, sandy beaches, and mudflats; SGD varies according to sediment permeability, strength of wave pumping, and slope of the water table. SGD has been previously estimated at a rocky beach in the NGA, but this thesis sought to quantity SGD in an extensive mudflat using well-established tracers (radium and radon) and determine the major sources of nutrients to the bay. The rate of SGD was comparable between the mudflat and rocky beach (233 ± 245 and 260 ± 360 cm day−1, respectively), and both locations were significant sources of nitrate and silicic acid, and sinks of phosphate. Offshore water also provides a major input of nitrate and phosphate to the bay. Thus, there is no single dominant source for all macronutrients, consequently, multiple processes must be considered when predicting nutrient cycling.
Download or read book The Soils of the USA written by L.T. West and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the distribution, properties, and function of soils in the U.S., including Alaska, Hawaii, and its Caribbean territories. It discusses the history of soil surveys and pedological research in the U.S., and offers general descriptions of the country’s climate, geology and geomorphology. For each Land Resource Region (LRR) – a geographic/ecological region of the country characterized by its own climate, geology, landscapes, soils, and agricultural practices – there is a chapter with details of the climate, geology, geomorphology, pre-settlement and current vegetation, and land use, as well as the distribution and properties of major soils including their genesis, classification, and management challenges. The final chapters address topics such as soils and humans, and the future challenges for soil science and soil surveys in the U.S. Maps of soil distribution, pedon descriptions, profile images, and tables of properties are included throughout the text.
Download or read book Nutrient over enrichment in coastal waters written by Nancy N. Rabalais and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EMENTS NUTRITIFS PRODUCTION PRIMAIRE ET MATIERE ORGANIQUE DISSOUTE ET PARTICULAIRE DANS LES EAUX COTIERES TEMPEREES BRASSEES BAIE DE MORLAIX MANCHE OCCIDENTALE written by MOHIDEEN.. WAFAR and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Exchange Between Floodwater and Ground Water in a Forested Riparian Zone in the South Eastern Coastal Plain written by Elizabeth J. Saul and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tracing Nutrients and Contaminants in Nearshore Food Web written by Oluwuyi Ajani Babaranti and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sewage derived organic matter from domestic and municipal wastewater, promotes enhanced secondary productivity, eutrophication and trace metal contamination, reduction in oxygen levels, and biodiversity. It poses a potential impact on human health, contamination of seafood and water and ecological disturbances in the natural aquatic ecosystem. Thus, this research examined the impact of improvement in treatment and disposal schemes employed by a municipal sewage treatment facility on a previously sewage contaminated coastal marine system. It took a critical look into the influence of the discharged of inadequately treated sewage effluent and the modern improved mitigating efforts put in place to ensure proper treatment and disposal by the municipal wastewater treatment plant on the coastal marine waters. It also investigated the influence of other potential terrestrial organic nutrients and contaminants on the coastal marine waters, the flow of energy and their fate through the natural coastal marine food web. Stable isotope analyses incorporated with mixing models, other independent chemical tracers such as (i.e. faecal sterol, fatty acid and elemental analyses) were utilised to infer change in the sewage derived organic matter dynamics of the coastal marine waters. The detected change was attributed to the modification in wastewater treatment and disposal techniques adopted by the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The differences in the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of Mytilus galloprovincialis (sentinel organism) were assessed in a preliminary survey to determine the tissues of choice as indicative tools for long-term ecological-based study aimed at tracing the sources and fate of sewage organic materials in the coastal marine waters. The preliminary survey aided the experimental design of the study. Isotope mass balance mixing models were fitted to quantify the contributions of land-based organic materials as part of the diet constituents to examine the influence of terrigenous materials on observed diet switching changes from sewage-derived nutrient source to marine nutrient source in Mytilus galloprovincialis, a prevalent resident marine bivalve collected at the nearshore marine waters. Biochemical compositions and elemental concentrations (independent tracers) in Mytilus galloprovincialis were analysed and used as independent indicative tools for testing the assumptions obtained from the stable isotope analysis mixing models. The tracers indicated the source of nourishment to the resident organism and provided additional insight into the organic nutrient supply and contaminant dynamics of the coastal marine waters. The independent tracers revealed that the marine particulate organic matter was main source of nourishment to the marine bivalve. The sea lion colony provided a minor contribution of faecal matter to the nearshore marine waters. The chemical tracers affirmed that the improvement in the treatment and disposal methods had a positive impact on the nearshore marine waters. Trace metal levels and human health risk assessment on the nearshore marine bivalve affirmed the safe human consumption of the nearshore marine fisheries.
Download or read book A River Nutrient Processing Model for Point Source Inputs written by Paul Anthony Amodeo and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ground Water on Tropical Pacific Islands written by Gordon W. Tribble and published by Geological Survey. This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories written by Nigel Dudley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IUCN's Protected Areas Management Categories, which classify protected areas according to their management objectives, are today accepted as the benchmark for defining, recording, and classifying protected areas. They are recognized by international bodies such as the United Nations as well as many national governments. As a result, they are increasingly being incorporated into government legislation. These guidelines provide as much clarity as possible regarding the meaning and application of the Categories. They describe the definition of the Categories and discuss application in particular biomes and management approaches.
Download or read book Meeting Environmental Challenges with Remote Sensing Imagery written by Rebecca L.. Dodge and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Water Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mariana Islands Range Complex written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environment Aid and Regionalism in the South Pacific written by Jeremy Carew-Reid and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United Nations World Water Development Report 4 written by Unesco and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the World Water Development Report (WWDR) series, the WWDR4 represents a milestone. While providing a comprehensive assessment of the world’s water resources it also introduces a strong thematic element. Building on the WWDR3 in the recognition of the externalities, the WWDR4 elaborates on the interactions between water and the drivers of change. The WWDR4 describes the major changes, uncertainties, and risks taking place in the world and their links to water resources. It gives account of the status and the trends related to water supplies, uses, management, institutions and financing; highlights regional hotspots, and addresses issues such as gender equality, water-related disasters, health and the role of ecosystems.
Download or read book The Geography Nature and History of the Tropical Pacific and its Islands written by Walter M. Goldberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an accessible scientific introduction to the historical geography of Tropical Pacific Islands, assessing the environmental and cultural changes they have undergone and how they are affected currently by these shifts and alterations. The book emphasizes the roles of plants, animals, people, and the environment in shaping the tropical Pacific through a cross-disciplinary approach involving history, geography, biology, environmental science, and anthropology. With these diverse scientific perspectives, the eight chapters of the book provide a comprehensive overview of Tropical Pacific Islands from their initial colonization by native peoples to their occupation by colonial powers, and the contemporary changes that have affected the natural history and social fabric of these islands. The Tropical Pacific Islands are introduced by a description of their geological formation, development, and geography. From there, the book details the origins of the island's original peoples and the dawn of the political economy of these islands, including the domestication and trade of plants, animals, and other natural resources. Next, readers will learn about the impact of missionaries on Pacific Islands, and the affects of Wold War II and nuclear testing on natural resources and the health of its people. The final chapter discusses the islands in the context of natural resource extraction, population increases, and global climate change. Working together these factors are shown to affect rainfall and limited water resources, as well as the ability to sustain traditional crops, and the capacity of the islands to accomodate its residents.
