Download or read book Green tree Retention and Ectomycorrhiza Legacies written by Christopher A. Stockdale and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies are part of the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study, a program researching the effects of different levels and patterns of green-tree retention on ecological, economic, and social phenomena. We restricted our studies to the 15% basal area, evenly dispersed retention treatment. Our objectives were, first, to quantify the change in ectomycorrhiza (EM) type richness after treatment. Second, to determine if changes in EM type richness depended on proximity to retention trees by quantifying EM type richness and root density at four distance classes from retention trees. Third, to determine the relationship between photosynthetic potential of retention trees (measured by cross-sectional sapwood area), root density, and EM type richness. Finally, to determine the effects of retention-tree productivity, root density, and distance from host tree on EM community structure. Three sites (blocks) of the DEMO study were used: Hamilton Buttes, Dog Prairie, and Watson Falls. Pretreatment samples were taken between one and three years before thinning. Post-treatment samples were collected within two years of the thinning. Ectomycorrhizae were sampled using 5.5 cm diameter by 15 cm deep soil cores and identified by morphotyping techniques. We found a significant reduction in EM type richness as a result of the thinning treatment. Within the dripline of retention trees, however, there was no significant decline in the number of EM types. In areas removed from trees, there was up to a 50% decline in the mean number of EM types per soil core. Samples within the dripline and at the edge of the dripline (host-tree samples) had no significant differences in EM type richness or community structure when compared to each other. When host-tree samples were compared to soil cores taken just outside the dripline and in open areas, significantly lower EM type richness was detected, as was a shift in overall community structure. Ectomycorrhiza type richness was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fine-root tip density. Sapwood area of retention trees had no significant correlations with root density, EM type richness, or community structure. The community structure of EM, in terms of relative abundance, most closely followed the log-normal distribution. In the outside dripline soil cores, there were very few rare types observed, suggesting that the probability of an EM type being lost was linked with its pre-disturbance abundance and the loss of the host tree. Cenococcum geophilum was the most abundant EM type, accounting for 18.7% of EM tips, and occurring in nearly all samples. Retention trees serve as important refugia for EM. This biological legacy from the pre-disturbance stand may be important for recolonization of EM onto new seedlings. For those EM that are lost from these treatment units, early recolonization may occur from the spore bank or wind dispersal. Over time, hypogeous fruiting species and those adapted to conditions in a mature forest may re-colonize from neighboring forest stands, provided the distance to the edge of reserve areas is not too great for effective spore dispersal.

Download or read book Residual Trees as Biological Legacies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Spatially Dispersed Green tree Retention on Ectomycorrhiza Diversity written by Oralia Kolaczkowski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Demonstration for Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study originated out of the changing management priorities associated with federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest which included an objective to maintain mature and old-growth forest characteristics in managed stands. The DEMO project examines the effects that different levels and patterns of green tree retention have on various aspects of biodiversity including the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Ectomycorrhizal fungi play an important functional role in forest ecosystems. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nutrient uptake by the host tree, they have been shown to play a critical role in forest regeneration success, and EMF provide an important food source (in the form of sporocarps) for many small mammals. As part of the DEMO study, this thesis documents EMF diversity in the control unit (100% retention) and the spatially dispersed 40°/a basal area retention treatment (40%D). The measures of diversity studied included EMF constancy, abundance, and species richness. Constancy and abundance measures were analyzed only for the common ectomycorrhizae (EM) types. Morphological techniques for identification of the EMF were employed together with molecular techniques to achieve the finest level of identification possible. Characters used to assess morphology include mantle structures, emanating hyphae, rhizomorphs, root morphology, chemical reactions, and mantle color. Molecular techniques were used for identification purposes and for checking EM morphotype groups. Molecular techniques used included DNA extraction of the internal transcribed spacer region, polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. Significant responses to the 40%D treatment were determined by testing both pre and post EMF diversity within the treatment and by comparing changes in diversity between the control and the 40%D treatment. Overall, within the 40%D treatment, the majority of the common EMF species did not decrease significantly. A moderately significant difference was detected between the pre-treatment and post-treatment mean number of EM types per soil core (measure of species richness). This decrease in richness of about 50% in the post-treatment2 samples seems to indicate a delayed response to the treatment since the post-treatment1 samples were not different from the pre-treatment conditions. Since no dominant types were lost, the decline in richness occurred in the less common EM types. This research demonstrates that the 40%D treatment can maintain a relatively high legacy of EMF. However, there is a loss of some rare EM types and a reduction in abundance and constancy in some of the more common EM types. These results lend support for the consideration of40% dispersed green-tree retention as a silvicultural option when management goals include the maintenance of EMF diversity. Timber harvest via implementation of ecosystem-based forest management practices will require the continuing study of complex below-ground systems for the development of potential silvicultural treatments during further iterations of adaptive management.

Download or read book Density Management in the 21st Century written by Paul D. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Balancing Ecosystem Values written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balancing Ecosystem Values: Innovative Experiments for Sustainable Forestry is a compendium of more than 40 contributions from Asia, Europe, and North America. The theme encompasses experiments implemented at an operational scale to test ecological, social, or economic responses to silvicultural treatments designed to balance the complex set of objectives currently targeted in sustainable forest management. Several invited and plenary papers emphasize the variety of outcomes demanded by the public, as well as the essential role that these long-term studies will play in allowing natural resource managers to make better-informed, science-based decisions. A broad spectrum of silvicultural treatments and systems are covered, as are simulation runs with different types of models and discussion about design challenges for scaling up from stands to landscapes. Diverse forest ecosystems, stand structures and plant, animal, and fungal species are also considered. The conference included 2 days in the field where participants saw several types of the comprehensive field experiments firsthand. The conference concluded with a critique from state, private, and public land managers.

Download or read book Biocomplexity of Plant Fungal Interactions written by Darlene Southworth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants interact with a wide variety of organisms in their natural growing environments. Key amongst these relationships is the interplay between plants and diverse fungal species that impact plants in complex symbiotic, parasitic and pathogenic ways. Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions explores a broad spectrum of research looking at both positive and negative interactions of these relationships on plants and their ecosystems. Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions takes a more holistic view of the plant-fungal interactions than most traditional volumes on the topic. Focusing on the truly complex biological interplay among plants and fungi, as well as other organisms—mammals, insects, bacteria, viruses, this book provides a unique perspective on this fundamentally important relationship. Chapters are written from molecular, evolutionary and ecological perspectives to provide readers with a full understanding of the diverse implications of plant-fungal interactions. Written by a global team of experts from varied scientific backgrounds, Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions will be an essential title for readers looking for a better understanding of the diverse array of interactions between plants and fungi in natural ecosystems.

Download or read book General Technical Report INT written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mycorrhiza Function Diversity State of the Art written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth updated and revised edition of a well-received book that emphasises on fungal diversity, plant productivity and sustainability. It contains new chapters written by leading experts in the field. This book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in mycorrhiza and association with plant productivity and environmental sustainability. The result is a must hands-on guide, ideally suited for agri-biotechnology, soil biology, fungal biology including mycorrrhiza and stress management, academia and researchers. The topic of this book is particularly relevant to researchers involved in mycorrhiza, especially to food security and environmental protection. Mycorrhizas are symbioses between fungi and the roots of higher plants. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition and the diversity of natural ecosystems are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. The biotechnological application of mycorrhizas is expected to promote the production of food while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems.

Download or read book Diversity Ecology and Conservation of Truffle Fungi in Forests of the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests of the Pacific Northwest have been an epicenter for the evolution of truffle fungi with over 350 truffle species and 55 genera currently identified. Truffle fungi develop their reproductive fruit-bodies typically belowground, so they are harder to find and study than mushrooms that fruit aboveground. Nevertheless, over the last five decades, the Corvallis Forest Mycology program of the Pacific Northwest Research Station has amassed unprecedented knowledge on the diversity and ecology of truffles in the region. Truffle fungi form mycorrhizal symbioses that benefit the growth and survival of many tree and understory plants. Truffle fruit-bodies serve as a major food souce for many forest-dwelling mammals. A few truffle species are commercially harvested for gourmet consumption in regional restaurants. This publication explores the biology and ecology of truffle fungi in the Pacific Northwest, their importance in forest ecosystems, and effects of various silvicultural practices on sustaining truffle populations. General management principles and considerations to sustain this valuable fungal resource are provided.

Download or read book Biota and Persistence of Retention Trees in Relation to the Characteristics of the Trees and Cut Areas written by Raul Rosenvald and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compatible Forest Management written by Robert A. Monserud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public debate has stimulated interest in finding greater compatibility among forest management regimes. The debate has often portrayed management choices as tradeoffs between biophysical and socioeconomic components of ecosystems. Here we focus on specific management strategies and emphasize broad goals such as biodiversity, wood production and habitat conservation while maintaining other values from forestlands desired by the public. We examine the following proposition: Commodity production (timber, nontimber forest products) and the other forest values (biodiversity, fish and wildlife habitat) can be simultaneously produced from the same area in a socially acceptable manner. Based on recent research in the Pacific Northwest, we show there are alternatives for managing forest ecosystems that avoid the divisive arena of 'either-or' choices. Much of the work discussed in this book addresses two aspects of the compatibility issue. First, how are various forest management practices related to an array of associated goods and services? Second, how do different approaches to forest management affect relatively large and complex ecosystems?

Download or read book Deschutes National Forest N F Five Buttes Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings Management and Productivity of Western montane Forest Soils written by Craig R. Contor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Functions of Pedosphere written by Bhoopander Giri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems. In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volume is a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.

Download or read book Proceedings Management and Productivity of Western montane Forest Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rogue River Siskiyou National Forest N F Eden Ridge Timber Sales Coos County written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: