Download or read book GRAVITY THE SOLUTION OF DARK MATTER written by Gaurav singh patel and published by gaurav singh patel. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, I have given the solution of dark matter which has become a mystery till date, as we all know till date dark matter has not been detected till date. So it can be that there is any mistake in our own calculations and according to the old formula, we need dark matter, that is why I have made a new formula in this book, so that if we calculate the universe. then We do not need a concept like dark matter. So in this book I have written the whole story from the old concept of dark matter to my research and finally I have derivated the formula which can solve the whole universe.
Download or read book Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-12 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances made by physicists in understanding matter, space, and time and by astronomers in understanding the universe as a whole have closely intertwined the question being asked about the universe at its two extremesâ€"the very large and the very small. This report identifies 11 key questions that have a good chance to be answered in the next decade. It urges that a new research strategy be created that brings to bear the techniques of both astronomy and sub-atomic physics in a cross-disciplinary way to address these questions. The report presents seven recommendations to facilitate the necessary research and development coordination. These recommendations identify key priorities for future scientific projects critical for realizing these scientific opportunities.
Download or read book Dark Energy Dark Matter and Anti Gravity written by Balungi Francis and published by Blurb. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. The expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration. It turns out that roughly 68percent of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27percent. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5percent of the universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn't be called "normal" matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the universe. Balungi Francis explains this major conundrum in modern science and looks at how scientists are beginning to find solutions to it.
Download or read book Dark Matter Dark Energy Dark Gravity written by Stephen Perrenod and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Dark Gravity make life possible!This book for the lay reader provides a summary of the latest astrophysical observational results and theoretical insights into what we know and what we hope to learn about dark matter, dark energy, and dark gravity.How did the profound beauty of our Earth, our Solar System, our Milky Way galaxy and indeed our universe unfold? Dark matter, dark energy, and dark gravity have made all the difference in how the universe has developed, and have been key to creating the overall environment that makes life possible. We have only recently developed the ability to begin unlocking their secrets, thus providing a deeper insight into how a universe of our type is possible. It seems that because of dark matter, dark energy and dark (weak) gravity, our universe has the right attributes for the development of complex structure and the evolution of intelligent life that can engage in the quest to understand our world. These "dark" or more hidden attributes of the cosmos have very good outcomes.In particular, the existence of dark matter makes it easier to form complex structures, including galaxies, stars and planets through gravitational collapse of denser regions of the universe. Planets are the most suitable abodes for the development of life. Dark energy acts to extend the lifetime of the universe by counteracting gravity and driving continued expansion of the universe.Even as far back as the 1930s there has been evidence that most of the matter in the universe was not visible via electromagnetic radiation (optical light, radio waves, etc.). By the last few decades of the 20th century, the case for a considerable amount of this dark matter was very strong. It is the second largest contributor to the total mass-energy of the universe. We don't know what it is and there are various candidates to explain it; nevertheless we see the gravitational effects of dark matter everywhere on the largest scales. Recent observational results indicate that dark matter dominates by a factor of 6 relative to the ordinary matter that makes up stars, planets, and living things.We now know that the major contributor to the mass-energy of the universe is not the substantial dark matter, but the 'newer' so-called dark energy. Dark energy acts to some extent as a negative gravity, and for the last several billion years has driven the expansion of the universe to a faster and faster pace, overcoming even the gravitational effect of dark matter. We have a general idea that it is the irreducible energy found in every volume of space, even in the absence of matter - in the vacuum. We don't understand why it takes the value that it does, one that is small in quantum particle physics terms, but nevertheless is of great significance on the large cosmological scale of the universe. The third important aspect to consider is not a mass-energy component, but the nature of gravity and space-time. The big question here is - why is gravity so relatively weak, as compared to the other 3 forces of nature? These 3 forces are the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. Gravity is different - it has a dark or hidden side. It may very well operate in extra dimensions beyond the normal 4 dimensions of space-time that we can observe. This is what we mean in this book by "dark gravity".
Download or read book DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY BLACK HOLES written by John Dark-Physics and published by John Dark-Physics. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a short story I will provide answers to some questions that many of us are asking about our Universe. And in particular, I will explain where would be the missing mass of the Universe (the Dark Matter) and what would be the Dark Energy and the Dark Matter. I will also discuss what happens inside a black-hole when a planet is sucked in: I have broken down the global movement into two separate movements... I have analyzed the consequences of my analysis on black-holes for our Universe and the conclusions are very interesting! My analysis allowed me to address the following points: the Energy Density of the Vacuum of the space, the Cosmological Constant, the Hubble Constant, the expansion of our Universe and the acceleration of this expansion, the compatibility links between my Theory and the current physics, … I have also shown the extraordinary power of the Gravity! And I have also shown that far-away travels into the space would be possible, in agreement with my Theory, by reducing the number of obstacles! Finally, I have mentioned the new questions that arise when some answers are found... and in particular what technology to make a spacecraft that could go at a speed close to the speed of light?
Download or read book Dark Matter and Dark Energy written by Sabino Matarrese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together reviews from leading international authorities on the developments in the study of dark matter and dark energy, as seen from both their cosmological and particle physics side. Studying the physical and astrophysical properties of the dark components of our Universe is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of unveiling their nature. The work developed from a doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of General Relativity and Gravitation. The book starts with a concise introduction to the standard cosmological model, as well as with a presentation of the theory of linear perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background. It covers the particle physics and cosmological aspects of dark matter and (dynamical) dark energy, including a discussion of how modified theories of gravity could provide a possible candidate for dark energy. A detailed presentation is also given of the possible ways of testing the theory in terms of cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys and weak gravitational lensing observations. Included is a chapter reviewing extensively the direct and indirect methods of detection of the hypothetical dark matter particles. Also included is a self-contained introduction to the techniques and most important results of numerical (e.g. N-body) simulations in cosmology. " This volume will be useful to researchers, PhD and graduate students in Astrophysics, Cosmology Physics and Mathematics, who are interested in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy.
Download or read book Gravity s Mysteries written by Louis Komzsik and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravity is the most detectable physical phenomenon of the universe. Nothing or nobody can escape its grasp, even in very large, astronomical distances. It is manifested in many aspects of our lives. Yet we are still not really sure what carries it. The gradually increasing understanding of gravity throughout history and its observed effects in various physical fields are the subjects of this book. This is an enlightening read about one of the most misterious phenomena of our lives that is still far from being fully understood, presenting a historical journey through several millennia of encountering and understanding gravity's mysteries.
Download or read book Unified Principles of Physics written by Tim G. Meloche and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2013-12-06 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for the “Unified Principles of Physics” which describes all that we see has long been the quest of many scientists and the general public. Newton, Einstein, Hawking and many more have all put their ideas into the flow of time … But many unanswered mysteries remained … These mysteries have now been unraveled! These publications unify gravity with the natural fundamental forces and solve the mystery of dark energy, dark matter, and more. This is recommended reading for educators, students and the general public interested in understanding the” Unified Principles of Physics” underlying the Natural Universe. The insight to the ubiquitous behavior of atoms and their interactions with gravitational fluctuations is a simplistic solution to complicated problems while also unifying the fundamental forces of nature. An educational clarification of the physics underlying the Natural World is considered one of the most important publications of the last century. Additionally, for those that teach or research the unified field theory of physics, the standard model of particle physics, the grand unified theory, or the theory of everything; These publications have been recommended as an enlightening read about the natural unifying characteristics of the atom and energy evolution in the observable Universe.
Download or read book What Goes Up Gravity and Scientific Method written by Peter Kosso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of gravity provides a natural phenomenon that is simultaneously obvious and obscure; we all know what it is, but rarely question why it is. The simple observation that 'what goes up must come down' contrasts starkly with our current scientific explanation of gravity, which involves challenging and sometimes counterintuitive concepts. With such extremes between the plain and the perplexing, gravity forces a sharp focus on scientific method. Following the history of gravity from Aristotle to Einstein, this clear account highlights the logic of scientific method for non-specialists. Successive theories of gravity and the evidence for each are presented clearly and rationally, focusing on the fundamental ideas behind them. Using only high-school level algebra and geometry, the author emphasizes what the equations mean rather than how they are derived, making this accessible for all those curious about gravity and how science really works.
Download or read book A Philosophical Approach to MOND written by David Merritt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter is a fundamental component of the standard cosmological model, but in spite of four decades of increasingly sensitive searches, no-one has yet detected a single dark-matter particle in the laboratory. An alternative cosmological paradigm exists: MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). Observations explained in the standard model by postulating dark matter are described in MOND by proposing a modification of Newton's laws of motion. Both MOND and the standard model have had successes and failures – but only MOND has repeatedly predicted observational facts in advance of their discovery. In this volume, David Merritt outlines why such predictions are considered by many philosophers of science to be the 'gold standard' when it comes to judging a theory's validity. In a world where the standard model receives most attention, the author applies criteria from the philosophy of science to assess, in a systematic way, the viability of this alternative cosmological paradigm.
Download or read book Dark matter and dark energy a solution written by Francisco Gutiérrez de la Cruz and published by ACCI (Asociación Cultural y Científica Iberoamericana). This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to current observations, two mysterious phenomena appear in the universe that science has not yet explained. These are mass or dark matter and dark energy. It is known of the existence of dark matter, among other effects, by the study of the rotation of galaxies where it is appreciated that the outer stars should come out tangentially if only the gravitational force of the mass seen is considered, concluding that there must be a hidden mass or matter, or perhaps some unknown effect that implies greater gravitational force. On the other hand, based on the observations of astronomer Hubble in the twenties of the previous century, it was determined that the universe is expanding from its origin or big-bang , considering that the gravitational force between galaxies causes expansion to be increasingly slower The surprise was that at the end of the last century it was observed that in the distant galaxies there was no retreat but they accelerated, that is, they are increasingly separated more quickly, ignoring the precedence of the energy that produces the effect, to which was named dark energy In this small book a suggestive proposal is exposed describing effects in the movement of bodies of great mass that can be applied to the understanding of the origin of the dark matter and dark energy, considering that in the process of expansion the dark mass is transformed into dark energy, fulfilling the laws of conservation of energy and the linear momentum.
Download or read book Cosmological Inflation Dark Matter and Dark Energy written by Kazuharu Bamba and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various cosmological observations support not only cosmological inflation in the early universe, which is also known as exponential cosmic expansion, but also that the expansion of the late-time universe is accelerating. To explain this phenomenon, the existence of dark energy is proposed. In addition, according to the rotation curve of galaxies, the existence of dark matter, which does not shine, is also suggested. If primordial gravitational waves are detected in the future, the mechanism for realizing inflation can be revealed. Moreover, there exist two main candidates for dark matter. The first is a new particle, the existence of which is predicted in particle physics. The second is an astrophysical object which is not found by electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, there are two representative approaches to account for the accelerated expansion of the current universe. One is to assume the unknown dark energy in general relativity. The other is to extend the gravity theory to large scales. Investigation of the origins of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy is one of the most fundamental problems in modern physics and cosmology. The purpose of this book is to explore the physics and cosmology of inflation, dark matter, and dark energy.
Download or read book Reinventing Gravity written by John W. Moffat and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein's gravity theory—his general theory of relativity—has served as the basis for a series of astonishing cosmological discoveries. But what if, nonetheless, Einstein got it wrong? Since the 1930s, physicists have noticed an alarming discrepancy between the universe as we see it and the universe that Einstein's theory of relativity predicts. There just doesn't seem to be enough stuff out there for everything to hang together. Galaxies spin so fast that, based on the amount of visible matter in them, they ought to be flung to pieces, the same way a spinning yo-yo can break its string. Cosmologists tried to solve the problem by positing dark matter—a mysterious, invisible substance that surrounds galaxies, holding the visible matter in place—and particle physicists, attempting to identify the nature of the stuff, have undertaken a slew of experiments to detect it. So far, none have. Now, John W. Moffat, a physicist at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, offers a different solution to the problem. The capstone to a storybook career—one that began with a correspondence with Einstein and a conversation with Niels Bohr—Moffat's modified gravity theory, or MOG, can model the movements of the universe without recourse to dark matter, and his work challenging the constancy of the speed of light raises a stark challenge to the usual models of the first half-million years of the universe's existence. This bold new work, presenting the entirety of Moffat's hypothesis to a general readership for the first time, promises to overturn everything we thought we knew about the origins and evolution of the universe.
Download or read book Nonlocal Astrophysics written by Boris V. Alexeev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Local Astrophysics: Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Physical Vacuum highlights the most significant features of non-local theory, a highly effective tool for solving many physical problems in areas where classical local theory runs into difficulties. The book provides the fundamental science behind new non-local astrophysics, discussing non-local kinetic and generalized hydrodynamic equations, non-local parameters in several physical systems, dark matter, dark energy, black holes and gravitational waves. Devoted to the solution of astrophysical problems from the position of non-local physics Provides a solution for dark matter and dark energy Discusses cosmological aspects of the theory of non-local physics Includes a solution for the problem of the Hubble Universe expansion, and of the dependence of the orbital velocity from the center of gravity
Download or read book Nonlocal Gravity written by Bahram Mashhoon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativity theory is based on a postulate of locality, which means that the past history of the observer is not directly taken into account. This book argues that the past history should be taken into account. In this way, nonlocality—-in the sense of history dependence—-is introduced into relativity theory. The deep connection between inertia and gravitation suggests that gravity could be nonlocal, and in nonlocal gravity the fading gravitational memory of past events must then be taken into account. Along this line of thought, a classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation has recently been developed. A significant consequence of this theory is that the nonlocal aspect of gravity appears to simulate dark matter. According to nonlocal gravity theory, what astronomers attribute to dark matter should instead be due to the nonlocality of gravitation. Nonlocality dominates on the scale of galaxies and beyond. Memory fades with time; therefore, the nonlocal aspect of gravity becomes weaker as the universe expands. The implications of nonlocal gravity are explored in this book for gravitational lensing, gravitational radiation, the gravitational physics of the Solar System and the internal dynamics of nearby galaxies, as well as clusters of galaxies. This approach is extended to nonlocal Newtonian cosmology, where the attraction of gravity fades with the expansion of the universe. Thus far, scientists have only compared some of the consequences of nonlocal gravity with astronomical observations.
Download or read book Dark Matter written by Michael Smith and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents several new, important explanations for dark matter, all dissimilar to the discredited subatomic particle-like but invisible matter. One chapter presents evidence that abundant cold hydrogen, baryonic matter, is the source of the missing gravity. Another chapter suggests that dark matter is better explained by stars in spiral galaxies that follow non-Keplerian orbits. A third chapter proposes that gravity attributed to dark matter is due to the sprinkling of black holes throughout galaxies, which is supported by LIGO/Virgo observations. Another chapter questions the assumptions of the Friedmann (FLRW) model, proposing a better method for handling astrophysical data. Additional chapters discuss cosmic ray propagation, axion decay, the cosmological scale factor, and the philosophical outlook of cosmologists when dealing with the questions of dark matter and dark energy.
Download or read book CTG Capacitance Theory of Gravity written by Morton F. Spears and published by . This book was released on 1993-03-01 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
