Download or read book Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation written by Wayne R. McKinney and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gratings Mirrors and Slits written by W B Peatman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-05-22 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Download or read book Gratings Mirrors and Slits written by WB Peatman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Download or read book Application of Spherical Gratings in Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent development in gracing incidence grating monochromator design is discussed and the performance limiting for such instruments are examined. Especially the aberrations of toroidal and spherical gratings are investigated using the optical path function concept. It is shown that large radius spherical gratings, which can be produced with better slope tolerances than aspherics, also yield smaller overall line curvature than toroids. Therefore, a new simple spherical grating monochromator design is proposed and its performance is analyzed.
Download or read book Design Optimization of Straight Groove Toroidal Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of storage rings giving intense broadband radiation in the spectral range 10-500Å has prompted renewed interest in the improvement of grazing incidence monochromators. Of particular importance is the moderate resolution case designed for highest throughput. This report outlines the reasons behind the various choices leading to a toroidal grating monochromator design, and indicates a method for finding optimum values for some of the parameters in the straight grooved case. This case is chosen because, at present, all aberration corrected gratings contain photoresist on their surfaces, and are therefore unsuited for use with high intensity synchrotron radiation. Fixed entrance and exit slit to grating distances and wavelength scanning by simple rotation of the grating about its pole are assumed.
Download or read book Water cooled Ion milled Diffraction Gratings for the Synchrotron Radiation Community written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key technical and strategic choices are reviewed, leading to the fabrication method of ion-milled grating grooves for the monochromators at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), and for other synchrotrons. Several laboratories and their industrial partners have joined to manufacture gratings with essentially theoretical performance. Metrology -data and theoretical comparisons are given for square wave profile grating samples ion-milled into electroless nickel surfaces. The extensive capabilities of Hughes Aircraft in grating manufacture are reviewed.
Download or read book An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation written by Philip Willmott, PhD and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated guide to the fundamental concepts, techniques and applications of synchrotron radiation and its applications in this rapidly developing field Synchrotron light is recognized as an invaluable research tool by a broad spectrum of scientists, ranging from physicists to biologists and archaeologists. The comprehensively revised second edition of An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation offers a guide to the basic concepts of the generation and manipulation of synchrotron light, its interaction with matter and the application of synchrotron light in x-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging. The author, a noted expert in the field, reviews the fundamentals of important experimental methods, and explores the most recent technological advances in both the latest generation of x-ray sources and x-ray instrumentation. Designed to be an accessible resource, the book contains full-colour illustrations of the underlying physics and experimental applications, as well as the most commonly-used synchrotron techniques. In particular, the updated second edition now includes: In-depth descriptions of the latest x-ray-source technologies, notably diffraction-limited storage rings and x-ray free-electron lasers The latest advances in instrumentation, x-ray optics, and experimental methods in synchrotron radiation The most recent developments in macromolecular crystallography, time-resolved studies, and imaging techniques A comprehensive set of problems for each chapter, plus their ideal solutions in the appendices. Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students from all areas of the natural and physical sciences, An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation, Second Edition is an invaluable up-to-date reference source in this highly multidisciplinary field. PowerPoint slides of all the figures within the text are available for download, for instructors and users of this book, at http://booksupport.wiley.com
Download or read book Plane Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general background and theoretical basis of plane grating monochromators (PGM's) is reviewed and the particular case of grazing incidence PGM's suitable for use with synchrotron radiation is considered in detail. The theory of reflection filtering is described and the problem of the finite source distance is shown to be of special importance with high brightness storage rings. The design philosophy of previous instruments is discussed and a new scheme proposed, aimed at dealing with the problem of the finite source distance. This scheme, involving a parabolic collimating mirror fabricated by diamond turning, is considered in the context of Wolter-type telescopes and microscopes. Some practical details concerning an instrument presently under construction using the new design are presented.
Download or read book The LBL 55 meter Spherical Grating Monochromator at SSRL Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 55-m spherical grating monochromator (SGM) beamline is located as a branch line of the 54-pole wiggler/undulator at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). It was designed and constructed by LBL's Center for X-Ray Optics and the engineering staff of LBL's Advanced Light Source with the cooperation and assistance of the research group of David Shirley at LBL and the staff of SSRL. The main goals of the project were to test the SGM concept and to develop a capability for designing and building a water-cooled mirror and grating capability in anticipation of the ALS. A water-cooled plane mirror deflects the beam horizontally, taking in general a small fraction of the flux from the 54-pole insertion device. This mirror is a brazed assembly of Glidcop (a proprietary alumina-dispersion-strengthened copper alloy) and OFHC copper. Its surface was finished in polished electroless nickel, then overcoated with gold as all optics in the beamline are overcoated. Next in the line is a fused silica toroid which focuses the SPEAR source vertically onto the entrance slit of the monochromator and horizontally onto the nominal position of the exit slit, in the manner of Rense and Violett. The magnification factors are 0.3x vertically and 0.7x horizontally. The monochromator is a Rowland-circle design; both slits move on large granite-based slides that maintain flatness of travel to {plus minus}2 [mu]m in peak-to-peak variation from straightness.
Download or read book Vacuum Ultra Violet Monochromators written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general field of spectrometers for the ultra violet has been covered at great length in the past and much invaluable material is on record. Here we limit our attention to monochromators rather than spectrographs and consider only those which are of use in the vacuum ultra violet region (say 10 to 1800 A) for Synchrotron Radiation work. We further restrict our consideration to those which use reflection gratings although it is clear that the traditional domination of the field by these devices is being increasingly challenged by the development of transmission gratings of various kinds. Even with these limitations the number of different optical arrangements that have been used is still very large so we well make some attempt to see how the general classes of Rowland circle, plane grating and the new Toroidal grating monochromators (TGM's) have succeeded in the past. We then make some fairly subjective evaluations of which approaches hold the best promise for the future and discuss in more detail the basis of these approaches and how they might be implemented.
Download or read book Varied Line space Gratings written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classically ruled diffraction grating consists of grooves which are equidistant, straight and parallel. Conversely, the so-called ''holographic'' grating (formed by the interfering waves of coherent visible light), although severely constrained by the recording wavelength and recording geometry, has grooves which are typically neither equidistant, straight nor parallel. In contrast, a varied line-space (VLS) grating, in common nomenclature, is a design in which the groove positions are relatively unconstrained yet possess sufficient symmetry to permit mechanical ruling. Such seemingly exotic gratings are no longer only a theoretical curiosity, but have been ruled and used in a wide variety of applications. These include: (1) aberration-corrected normal incidence concave gratings for Seya-Namioka monochromators and optical de-multiplexers, (2) flat-field grazing incidence concave gratings for plasma diagnostics, (3) aberration-corrected grazing incidence plane gratings for space-borne spectrometers, (4) focusing grazing incidence plane grating for synchrotron radiation monochromators, and (5) wavefront generators for visible interferometry of optical surfaces (particularly aspheres). Future prospects of VLS gratings as dispersing elements, wavefront correctors and beamsplitters appear promising. The author discusses the history of VLS gratings, their present applications, and their potential in the future. 61 refs., 24 figs.
Download or read book Selected Papers on VUV Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation written by D. L. Ederer and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains 92 papers on VUV synchrotron radiation instrumentation. Areas addressed include: high resolution X-ray spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation; the classical radiation of accelerated electrons; and the design of holographic concave gratings for Seya-Namioka monochromators.
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by Settimio Mobilio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation is today extensively used for fundamental and applied research in many different fields of science. Its exceptional characteristics in terms of intensity, brilliance, spectral range, time structure and now also coherence pushed many experimental techniques to previously un-reachable limits, enabling the performance of experiments unbelievable only few years ago. The book gives an up-to-date overview of synchrotron radiation research today with a view to the future, starting from its generation and sources, its interaction with matter, illustrating the main experimental technique employed and provides an overview of the main fields of research in which new and innovative results are obtained. The book is addressed to PhD students and young researchers to provide both an introductory and a rather deep knowledge of the field. It will also be helpful to experienced researcher who want to approach the field in a professional way.
Download or read book IN SITU PRECISE ANGLE MONITORING ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION MONOCHROMATOR BY USE OF PENCIL BEAM INTERFEROMETER written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monochromator is a very important and precise instrument used in beam lines at synchrotron radiation facilities. We need to know if there is actual thermal distortion on gratings resulting in the degradation of the monochromator resolution. We need to know the characteristics of the grating rotation. It is possible to make a simple but precise in-situ distortion monitoring and rotation angle test of the grating by use of a precise pencil beam angle monitor. We have made preliminary measurements on a monochrometer grating of an undulator beam line X1B at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We monitored a small amount of angle variation on the grating. We detected 1.7[micro]rad backlash (P-V) of the grating controlling system.
Download or read book Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation written by G.V. Marr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 of this series concentrates on the use of synchrotron radiation which covers that region of the electromagnetic spectrum which extends from about 10eV to 3keV in photon energy and is essentially the region where the radiation is strongly absorbed by atmospheric gases. It therefore has to make extensive use of a high vacuum to transport the radiation to the workstation where the presence of hard X-rays can cause extensive damage to both the optics and the targets used in the experimental rigs. The topics chosen for this volume have been limited to the disciplines of physics and chemistry.
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by C. Kunz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation as a spectroscopic research tool has undergone a most inter esting and astonishing historical development and has now come to the stage of an exciting boom. The machines which produce synchrotron radiation were built and de veloped exclusively for other purposes in the past, namely high-energy physics. At the same time, however, they involuntarily became better and better light sources for the spectral range from the visible to the hard x-ray region. Now we are at the point that the first few storage rings have gone into operation as machines dedicated to synchrotron radiation and several more are in the stage of construction and planning. All this was brought about by the successful research performed during the past fifteen years in which several groups allover the world haVe participated at dif ferent accelerator centers mostly symbiotic with high-energy physics. As it happens with a young and rapidly developing field, the number of reviews and monographs is still minute. The objective of this book is to fill an apparent gap and to provide a sound basis for those who are interested in synchrotron radiation and its applica tions.
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Applied to Biophysical and Biochemical Research written by A. Castellani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
