Download or read book Government Intervention in Pakistan s Agricultural Economy written by Gary Ender and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Intervention in Pakistan s Agricultural Economy written by Gary Ender and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government s Role in Pakistan Agriculture written by Rashid Faruqee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agriculture and the rural economy in Pakistan Issues outlooks and policy priorities Synopsis written by Spielman, David J. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While policy makers, media, and the international community focus their attention on Pakistan’s ongoing security challenges, the potential of the rural economy, and particularly the agricultural sector, to improve Pakistanis’ well-being is being neglected. Agriculture is crucial to Pakistan’s economy. Almost half of the country’s labor force works in the agricultural sector, which produces food and inputs for industry (such as cotton for textiles) and accounts for over a third of Pakistan’s total export earnings. Equally important are nonfarm economic activities in rural areas, such as retail sales in small village shops, transportation services, and education and health services in local schools and clinics. Rural nonfarm activities account for between 40 and 57 percent of total rural household income. Their large share of income means that the agricultural sector and the rural nonfarm economy have vital roles to play in promoting growth and reducing poverty in Pakistan.

Download or read book Strategic Reforms for Agricultural Growth in Pakistan written by Rashid Faruqee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Future prospects for the agricultural sector in Pakistan depend on its ability to increase output and income of producers." Agriculture remains the backbone of the Pakistani economy, employing more than half the labor force and accounting for 70 per cent of export revenues. However, agriculture faces two sets of constraints in Pakistan: resource constraints and policy distortions. This volume deals with the major resource and policy constraints currently facing Pakistani agriculture. Government involvement in Pakistan's agricultural sector has been excessive and often inappropriate, and agricultural reforms are a key part of the adjustment program underway in Pakistan. Some of the principal goals of the program are to ensure a sound and sustainable macroeconomic framework with sustainable internal and external balances, to liberalize trade, privatize government-owned enterprises, deregulate and eliminate public sector monopolies, and to reform the financial sector. The agricultural sector can contribute to the Pakistani economy and to the adjustment program. Agriculture has the potential to make a larger contribution to total revenue and plays an important role in external balances. A favorable climate gives Pakistan a strong comparative advantage in horticulture, as indicated by the rapid growth of the subsector in the absence of policy interventions.

Download or read book Government s Role in Pakistan Agriculture written by Rashid Faruqee and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1995 The proper role of Pakistan's government in the agriculture sector should be to encourage the development of a smoothly functioning market, through institutional and regulatory reform that facilitates market efficiency and private sector activities. Where market failure is not an issue and government inefficiency is evident, government's role should be drastically reduced. Government involvement in Pakistan's agriculture sector has benefited farmers little, contends Faruqee. He recommends reform of agricultural policies and institutions. For one thing, government policy has severely distorted agricultural incentives -- directly, through agricultural pricing policy, and indirectly until recently, through exchange rate policy. Although negative effects of the government's exchange rate policy have been eliminated, the indirect effects from giving certain industries heavier trade protection linger. Input markets have been distorted by subsidies. Those distortions dissipate most of the benefits directed at farmers. The government's role as an institution-builder also needs reform. Public institutions have proliferated in almost every area of agriculture, with little benefit to the sector. The institutions in research and extension are particularly weak. In addition, public enterprises have dominated marketing and distribution? crowding out private sector efforts -- although the rationale for a government presence there is not clear. Moreover, the underpricing of electricity and water has entailed hidden expenditures that make the continued provision of those essential inputs financially unsustainable. Basic reform is essential, says Faruqee. The proper role of Pakistan's government should be to encourage the development of a smoothly functioning market, through institutional and regulatory reform that facilitates market efficiency and private sector activities. Where market failure is not an issue and government inefficiency is evident, government's role should be drastically reduced. Government spending should focus on public goods and market failures, not on activities better suited to the private sector. However, the government should continue to play an active role in reducing poverty and protecting the environment. This paper -- a product of the Agriculture Operations Division, South Asia Country Department I -- is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the major issues facing Pakistan's agriculture sector and to suggest a strategy to improve its performance.

Download or read book Government Intervention in Pakistan s Cotton Sector written by Gary Ender and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pakistan s Agriculture Sector Is 3 to 4 Percent Annual Growth Sustainable written by Rashid Faruqee and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 1995 For 25 years, agricultural growth has been a key source of the growth in Pakistan's GDP, but the momentum may be running out. Key problems include a crisis in irrigation and the government's overextended role in agriculture. An example of inappropriate government intervention is the provision of subsidies that do not help farmers, either because of rent-seeking and inefficiency or because the subsidy (for wheat, for example) helps consumers at the expense of producers. Government spending must shift to a new focus -- on public goods and market failures. A key source of the impressive growth in Pakistan's GDP (6 percent annually for two decades) has been the agriculture sector, which grew about 3.6 percent a year for 25 years. Faruqee analyzes whether such a growth rate is sustainable. In different periods, growth has come from different sources: from a seed, fertilizer, and irrigation package in the 1960s, from intensification of water and fertilizer use in the 1970s, and from improvement of crop management and incentives in the 1980s. In the past 10 years, cotton has been a main source of growth. The momentum for growth may be ending. Total cultivable land and irrigation cannot increase significantly. At best, water resources can expand by 10 percent, and only at great cost. And there have been problems with cotton in recent years. Future growth must come mainly from increases in productivity, achieved by allocating resources to crops for which the country has a comparative advantage, improving the technical efficiency of inputs for each major crop, and increasing cropping intensity. But increasing productivity means changing major agricultural systems, policies, and institutions, including: * Poor incentive policies, which have led to inappropriate use of land and hence to problems of soil erosion and land degradation. * Poor distribution of land resources and inadequate systems of land tenure. At one extreme are very large estates of absentee landlords, and at the other, very small, ill-equipped peasant farms. Insecurity of tenure creates disincentives for investing in land. * Persistent problems with irrigation, essential on more than three-fourths of agricultural land in Pakistan. * Weak human resources and infrastructure. * Direct government intervention in agricultural markets, which, although recently diminished, still distorts markets. Subsidized imports of wheat and price controls on cotton exports reflect a persisting bias against cotton and wheat, while sugarcane is heavily protected. The protection of domestic industry distorts sectoral prices. Government policy also distorts the market for such vital inputs as seeds and fertilizer. Serious problems in the credit market exacerbate other problems arising from policy distortions. This paper -- a product of the Agricultural Operations Division, South Asia, Country Department I -- is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the major issues facing Pakistan's agriculture sector and to suggest a strategy to improve its performance.

Download or read book Government Intervention in Pakistan s Cotton Sector written by Gary Ender and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Taxing Agriculture in Pakistan written by Mr.Mahmood Hasan Khan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-05-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan’s economic performance has been marred by persistently high fiscal deficits which have resulted largely from the inability to raise sufficient revenues. Agriculture is a dominant sector of the economy, but generates very limited revenue from direct taxes on agricultural producers. The paper first reviews the history of attempts to tax agriculture in Pakistan, the purpose of which is to underscore the difficulty in adopting and implementing a sound agricultural tax policy. It then examines various alternatives with regard to the taxation of agricultural land and incomes. Finally, it presents the outlines of a full-fledged agricultural income tax that could be implemented within the Constitutional framework in the next three to five years.

Download or read book The Agrarian Economy of Pakistan written by Ijaz Nabi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agrarian Economy of Pakistan presents a systematic, analytical assessment of the structural changes in Pakistan's agriculture and its role in the national development strategy.

Download or read book Trade Exchange Rate and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Pakistan written by Naved Hamid and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the National Commission on Agriculture written by Pakistan. National Commission on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan written by M. Ramzan Akhtar and published by Regional Co-Ordination. This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Women in Agriculture in Pakistan written by Aazar Bhandara and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Critical Review of Agriculture Role in the Development of Rural Economy of Pakistan written by Naushad Khan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study was carried out since 2019 and the major objective was that to see the role of agriculture in the development of rural economy of Pakistan. Total 21 articles were used in these studies and critically review in depth 10 to 20 times and analyzed the situation what is going on in the Pakistan Rural Economy. The result indicates that Poor countries economy always behind than the rich countries according to vicious circle theory. There always fighting are seen in the countries and assemblies. Also bad planning and deficit budget is the fate of these countries and they always depend on IMF and World Bank. Everything is going bad and worse in these countries. Such like condition is in the Pakistan. Irrigation systems are not so developed to quickly increase the production of the country. One case study was included in this study which clearly shows that after irrigation the production was increased and the farmers purchasing power was improved.Different programs were launched in the country for the purpose of rural development but all failed in achieving their objectives. Among these programs village Aid Program was the key program but due to lack of fund, absence from duty and lack of coordination among building departments was totally failed. Three time land reforms were launched for agriculture development in the country but not achieved the specific objectives. Credit different programs were launched for the development of agriculture but mostly fund were miss utilized for other purpose. Honey bee program is a successful program working in Pakistan but never supported by government. Different Tree plantation program were launched for the coverage of forest while no successful achievement was gained by government and mostly fund was miss utilized by workers of the party. Huge fund was not provided to educational institution in Pakistan for the purpose of agriculture activities and especially for research in Pakistan. The focuses on the agro based industries were not focused by government in the country. No proper institutions were developed for the purpose of skill development. Similarly political instability was observed in the country and four times Martial was imposed while the agriculture growth in the Army era was found better and less in democratic government. Every government passed the time in favoritism, corruption, nepotism for development of their families while no touch was given to poor communities of the countries which are living in the rural area of Pakistan. On the basis of problems the following recommendation were given for enhancing rural economy of the country:, Political stability is required for the development of a country. More funds should be provided to the community of farming and cottage industrial owner in the country for uplifting the economy. Lack of Coordination among the building department in the country is requested for controlling of problems in time through different Projects. Monitoring set up of, all programs of the country should be developed. Subsidized and support price policy should be expedite in the country. All institution in the country should be developed. Tax should be adjusted according to consumer purchasing power. Good marketing system should be developed in the country for agriculture commodities. More poverty programs should be launched for eradication of poverty from the country. Favoritism, Nepotism and Corruption should be removed from the country. Good relation should be established with the foreign countries. Saving should be increased for the purpose of investment at local and national level. Farmers of the country and small industrial owner should be exempted from the tax. More funds should be given to small farmers in the country for boosting the rural economy of Pakistan.Peace should be provided to farmers in the country and terrorism should be controlled for peace purpose of the farmers. In every village at school level radio station should be developed for spreading knowledge through school students to community of the farmers for enhancing their agriculture productivity for rural people uplifting.

Download or read book Economic Survey 2017 18 Volume I and Volume II written by Ministry of Finance, Government of India and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic Survey is the budget document of the Government of India. It presents the state of affairs of the Indian economy. Economic Survey 2017-18 consists of two volumes. Volume I provides an analytical overview of the performance of the Indian economy during the financial year 2017-18. It highlights the long-term challenges facing the economy. Volume II is a descriptive review of the major sectors of the economy. It emphasizes economic reforms of contemporary relevance like GST, the investment-saving slowdown, fiscal federalism and accountability, gender inequality, climate change and agriculture, science and technology, among others.