Download or read book Government and Human Capital in a Model of Development Through Modernization and Specialization written by Kazuhiro Yuki and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic development is associated with the shift of production from the traditional sector (e.g. traditional agriculture and the urban informal sector) to the modern sector (e.g. modern manufacturing and commercial agriculture). Human capital accumulation, particularly, education and job training of skilled workers, is a crucial factor in the modernization of an economy. Several institutions such as the protection of property rights and the strength of the rule of law also are considered essential. Thus, the government has an important role as the main provider of 'institution-maintaining' services, although it often faces a difficulty in providing adequate amounts of the services due to costly hiring of educated officers and tax avoidance. This paper analyzes interactions among taxation, the provision of the public services, human capital accumulation, and modernization, based on a dynamic dual economy model, which draws on the Becker and Murphy (1992) model of skill and task specialization, and examines conditions for successful development. Distributions of political power and wealth as well as sectoral productivities and the cost of education affect the outcome qualitatively. In particular, the socially desirable distribution of political power is such that educated (uneducated) individuals should have dominant power at an early (late) stage of development. Further, it is shown that several novel or overlooked inefficiencies arise naturally from realistic features of the model and appropriate redistribution can correct the inefficiencies except at a fairly early stage of development.
Download or read book Human Capital Accumulation and Public Sector Growth written by Howell H. Zee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present paper takes a fresh theoretical and empirical look into the relationship between Wagner`s law and economic development. It introduces human capital into a classic two-sector model of unbalanced growth. It shows that, as an economy develops, changes in the relative returns to human capital and unskilled labor, as a result of changes to their relative scarcities, could have a significant impact on the size of the government sector, depending in part also on the difference in relative factor intensities between outputs of the private and government sectors. This conjecture is broadly supported by empirical evidence based on a cross-section analysis of a large sample of developed and developing countries.
Download or read book Theories and Practices of Development written by Katie Willis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the twentieth century, governments sought to achieve 'development' not only in their own countries, but also in other regions of the world; particularly in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. This focus on 'development' as a goal has continued into the twenty-first century, for example through the United Nations Millennium Development Targets. While development is often viewed as something very positive, it is also very important to consider the possible detrimental effects it may have on the natural environment, different social groups and on the cohesion and stability of societies. In this important book, Katie Willis investigates and places in a historical context, the development theories behind contemporary debates such as globalization and transnationalism. The main definitions of 'development' and 'development theory' are outlined with a description and explanation of how approaches have changed over time. The differing explanations of inequalities in development, both spatially and socially, and the reasoning behind different development policies are also considered. By drawing on pre-twentieth century European development theories and examining current policies in Europe and the USA, the book not only stresses commonalities in development theorizing over time and space, but also the importance of context in theory construction. This topical book provides an ideal introduction to development theories for students in geography, development studies, area studies, anthropology and sociology. It contains student-friendly features, including boxed case studies with examples, definitions, summary sections, suggestions for further reading, discussion questions and website information.
Download or read book Human Capital Formation Learning by Doing and the Government in the Process of Economic Growth written by Alfred Greiner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present an endogenous growth model with human capital and learning by doing. Human capital is not an input factor in the production process of final output but it affects the ability to build up knowledge capital as a by-product of cumulated investment (learning by doing). Human capital is formed in the schooling sector that is financed by the government. The government may run into debt but always obeys the inter-temporal budget constraint. The paper analyzes the structure of the model and studies effects of different budgetary policies as regards the balanced growth rate and with respect to transition dynamics.
Download or read book Development written by Ian Goldin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is development -- How does development happen? -- Why are some countries rich and others poor? -- What can be done to accelerate development? -- The evolution of development aid -- Sustainable development -- Globalization and development -- The future of development.
Download or read book Human Capital and Development written by Ju-Ho Lee and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent decades, Korea has been one of only a handful of countries that have made the successful transformation to become a developed nation by simultaneously achieving persistent economic growth combined with a democratic political system. Experts and political leaders worldwide have attributed this achievement to investments in people or, in other words, the power of education. Whilst numerous books have highlighted the role of industrial policies, technological growth, and international trade in Korea’s development process, this is one of the first to focus on the role of human capital. It shows how the accumulation of human capital aided transformation and helps explain the policies, strategies and challenges that Korea faces now and in the future.
Download or read book Economics of Education written by George Psacharopoulos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-17 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics of Education: Research and Studies reviews key topics in the field of economics of education since 1960s. This book is organized into 12 parts. Part I and Part II focus on the supply side of human capital and narrower aspects of human capital creation by means of education. Subsequent parts look at the benefits of education; relationship between education and employment; controversies in the field of economics of education; issues of manpower planning; and methodology for empirically analyzing the issues in the economics of education. The last two parts address the costs of education, with emphasis on cost function, analysis and on the financing of education.
Download or read book Constructing Social Support Systems for Left behind and Migrant Children in China written by Ling Li and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book studies the educational needs of two disadvantaged groups of children in China (left-behind children in rural areas and migrant children in urban areas), aiming to optimize the social support system so that these disadvantaged children can realize their full potential. The author conducts two separate researches and introduces the research background, methodology, related theories and advanced theories. Main difficulties of left-behind children and migrant children include parents’ lack of attention to their children’s mental health, teachers’ lack of expertise in working with these two groups of children, and a lack of collaboration between schools and NGOs. It suggests promoting systematic reform, helping parents to develop effective parenting skills, and establishing positive interactions among the stakeholders of social support for these disadvantaged children. The book will be of interest to people who work with left-behind children in rural areas and those who work with migrant students in urban areas, including teachers, school administrators, local educational authorities, community-based service providers, and provincial and central departments of education.
Download or read book 2050 China written by Angang Hu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. This book is arranged and developed around the theme of “2050 China,” it analyzes the factors and advantages of the Chinese road to socialist modernization, explores and summarizes the development goal and the basic logic of the socialist modernization of China, and further shows the general basis of the primary stage of socialism. According to the report delivered at the 19th Party Congress, and according to the “two-stage” strategic plan, this book looks ahead in detail to the overarching objective and sub-objectives of essentially achieving socialist modernization by 2035, discusses the building of a great modern socialist country in all respects from the perspective of the Party’s six-sphere integrated plan of economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization, and national defense construction, and provides policy proposals. This book also analyzes the influence and the effect of the socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics on the world and it further presents the third centenary goal. In conclusion, this book is an elaboration of the work of the Institute for Contemporary China Studies, Tsinghua University. It reflects the intellectual innovation in the authors’ research on contemporary China, as well as the authors’ foresight and predictions about China’s future development.
Download or read book Theory and Practice of the Triple Helix Model in Developing Countries written by Mohammed Saad and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and Practice of Triple Helix Model in Developing Countries contributes to the expanding literature on "triple helix" innovation - focusing on developing countries. The book is based on practical cases and experiences from Africa, Latin America and Asia. Relevant experiences and best practices from developed countries are also examined. The book is presented as a response to the growing awareness about the need for policy shift from the traditional technology transfer practice to a policy position that is capable of providing a sustainable basis for innovation and technological progress in developing countries. The book explores the triple helix system of innovation based on the dynamics of the interactive relationships between government, industry and universities in the creation, dissemination and sharing of knowledge in developing countries. A major point addressed by the book is the extent to which the ‘triple helix’ system of relationships between university, industry and government can enhance the effectiveness of universities in developing countries as agents of innovation, industrialization and sustainable development.
Download or read book How to achieve the welfare state in the twenty first century written by Kozulj, Roberto and published by Editorial UNRN. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kozulj proposes a bold and vital idea: if the activities linked to urban development were reoriented towards the construction and reconstruction of sustainable cities, this would tend to solve a large part of the problem of structural unemployment,
Download or read book Modern Global Economic System Evolutional Development vs Revolutionary Leap written by Elena G. Popkova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 2287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings book reflects the alternative way of development of the modern global economic system. It sets evolutionary development in opposition to revolutionary leap. The search for the best way to develop the world economy in the present and future is carried out. The social environment and the human-centered development of the modern global economic system have been explored. The features of training of personnel for the modern global economic system through the development of vocational education and training have been studied. Sustainable development, energy and food security have been identified as significant milestones of the progress of the modern global economic system. Innovations and digital technologies have been suggested as the drivers of growth and development of the modern global economic system. Consideration has been given to the institutional framework and legal groundwork for the development of the modern global economic system. The fundamentals have been identified and recommendations have been put forward for improving governmental regulation, financial and capital investment support for integration in the modern global economic system. The book includes the best works based on the results of the 22nd International Research-to-Practice Conference “Current Issues of the Global Economy” which was held on June 19, 2020, at the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) (Moscow, Russia) and the 14th National Research-to-Practice Conference “A New Paradigm of Social and Economic Development in the Age of Intelligent Machines,” which was held on May 14–16, 2020 (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), VIII International Research-to-Practice Conference “Multipolar Globalization and Russia,” which was held on May 21–23, 2020 (Rostov-on-Don, Russia), III All-Russian Research-to-Practice Conference “Power, Business, and Education: The Ascent to Man,” which was held on May 21–22, 2020 (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), International Research-to-Practice Conference “Current Issues and Ways of Industrial Development: Engineering and Technologies,” which was held from September 28, 2020, till October 1, 2020 (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), and the 15th National Research-to-Practice Conference “New Models of Behavior of Market Players in the Conditions of Digital Economy,” which was held on October 29–30, 2020, at Ufa State Oil Technical University, Institute of Economics and Service (Ufa, Russia). The target audience of the book consists of scholars studying the features of development of the global economic system at the present stage and the prospects for its future progress.
Download or read book Development as Modernity Modernity as Development written by Siyabonga Lushaba and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the impact of the Western idea of 'modernity' on development and underdevelopment in Africa. It traces the genealogy of the Western idea of modernity from European Enlightenment concepts of the universal nature of human history and development, and shows how this idea was used to justify the Western exploitation and oppression of Africa. It argues that contemporary development, theory and practice is a continuation of the Enlightenment project and that Africa can only achieve real development by rejecting Western modernity and inventing its own forms of modernity. The book is divided into four sections. The first section provides an outline of the theory of modernity in the Enlightenment project. In the second section, an attempt is made to trace the genealogy of the idea of development as modernity and how the African development process gets entangled with it. Here, its evolution is mapped through three periods: early modernity, capitalist modernity and late modernity. Zeroing in on the current era of late or hypermodernity, the book contests the idea that there is something new in globalisation and its neo-liberal development paradigm. The third section turns to the complex but pertinent question of how, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, Africa can transcend the impasse of modernity. The fourth and final section sums up the argument and points the way forward.
Download or read book Social Change and Modernity written by Hans Haferkamp and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modernization and the Structure of Societies written by Marion J. Levy Jr. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Modernization and the Structure of Societies, Marion Levy shows the interdependencies of societies as a systematic whole in matters that are relevant for international affairs. He distinguishes different types of societies while simultaneously showing elements common to all societies. In a new epilogue being added to this edition, titled "Modernization Exhumed," the author alleges that criticism of modernization theory has generally been ideological or otherwise nonscientific. He provides a strong defense of his hypothesis. In his new introduction, he concentrates on the concept of interdependency. Modernization and the Structure of Societies is crucial to the understanding of contemporary international problems. It is a necessary addition to the personal libraries of sociologists, political scientists, and scholars of international affairs., Levy writes so as to produce strong reactions, but this does not obscure his real contribution. Because of his ambitious effort to synthesize a tremendous amount of available scholarship, the study is certain to last for a long time as a standard reference in the field of comparative sociology."—Morris Janowitz, American Journal of Sociology, "A giant book raising innumerable problems, often an exasperating book, yet important and likely to be much referred to by writers on comparative politics and administration."—Fred W. Riggs, American Political Science Review.
Download or read book Rural Policy Implementation in Contemporary China written by Anna Ahlers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the turn of the millennium, the disparities between rural and urban livelihoods, underdevelopment and administrative shortcomings in the Chinese countryside were increasingly seen as posing a manifest threat to social harmony and economic and political stability. At that time the term "three rural problems" (sannong wenti) was coined which defined the main issues of rural life that needed to be targeted by government action: agriculture (nongye), villages (nongcun) and farmers (nongmin). In turn, with the launch of the 11th Five-Year Plan in 2006, a pledge was made to shift the focus of developmental efforts to the long-neglected countryside, which is still home to half of the Chinese population. This book presents an analysis of adaptive local policy implementation in China in the context of the "Building of a New Socialist Countryside" (BNSC) policy framework. Based on intensive field work in four counties in Fujian, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces between 2008 and 2011, it offers detailed analyses of the form and impact of county governments’ strategic agency at certain stages and within certain fields of the implementation process (for example, the design of local BNSC programs, the steering of project funding, implementation and evaluation, the establishment of model villages and the management of public participation). Further, this study illustrates that BNSC is far more than the ‘empty slogan’ described by many observers when it was launched in 2005/2006. Instead, it has already brought about considerable shifts in terms of the process and outcomes of rural policy implementation. Altogether, the results of this research challenge existing paradigms by showing how, against the background of contemporary approaches to rural development and recent reforms initiated by the central state, local bureaucracies’ strategic agency can actually push forward effective – albeit not necessarily optimal – policy implementation to some extent, which serves the interests of central authorities, local implementors and rural residents. By tying into the larger debates on China's state capacity and authoritarian adaptability, this book enriches our understanding of the inner workings of the Chinese political system. As such, it will prove invaluable to students and scholars of Chinese politics, public policy and development studies more generally.
Download or read book New Challenges for Development and Modernization written by Yue-man Yeung and published by Chinese University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on three major areas of change and challenge faced by Hong Kong and the Asia Pacific region: economic globalization, political and social change, and regional patterns of transformation. It not only encourages a retrospective learning from past failures, but also tries to anticipate the challenges of a new century and millennium.
