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Book Governance Challenges in the State of Yemen

Download or read book Governance Challenges in the State of Yemen written by Najeeb H. Alomaisi and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of governance has gained greater attention from scholars and international organizations as a foundation for growth, particularly to lift developing countries from dire situations and bring more prosperity to the developed world. However, according to the World Bank, Yemen is considered one of the most poorly governed countries in the world. This poor evaluation motivated this study into the challenges to good governance in Yemen and the author’s desire to demonstrate the importance of governance in addressing Yemen’s current critical situation. Despite the extensive literature published on governance, works on Yemen are rare, and there is barely any academic work on governance challenges. This relatively small body of literature encouraged me to examine in depth the obstacles to governance in Yemen. This study builds a theoretical framework to examine the difficulties of establishing good governance in Yemen by exploring the critical social and institutional challenges vital for good governance. This dissertation poses the following question: What are the challenges to good governance in Yemen, and why and how do they hamper good governance in Yemen? To address this research question, I adopted a qualitative interpretive approach. This analysis is based on information gathered from a variety of sources, including mainly semi-structured formal and informal interviews, observations, governance and government materials, such as international reports, governance manuals, websites, social media posts, and related videos, among others. The findings expose nine dimensions and 21 constructed themes, which scrutinize how and why governance is hampered in Yemen. Overall, this study introduces numbers of contributions to the governance literature by identifying social and institutional challenges and showing how they influence good governance and state-building in the Yemen context. More specifically, this Ph.D. contributes to identifying and discussing the issues that have been ignored in governance literature, such as religion, tribes, supremacy, and the Qat phenomenon, all of which applying the case of Yemen. Finally, the study makes some recommendations for stakeholders to consider, particularly for post-conflict time to aid in post-war reconstruction. This moment is an opportunity to build a state by addressing the current governance challenges, and some suggestions include a transitional phase, the introduction of constitutional and legal reforms, with youth and local community engagement.

Book Governance Challenges in the State of Yemen

Download or read book Governance Challenges in the State of Yemen written by Najeeb H. Alomaisi and published by Cuvillier. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of governance has gained greater attention from scholars and international organizations as a foundation for growth, particularly to lift developing countries from dire situations and bring more prosperity to the developed world. However, according to the World Bank, Yemen is considered one of the most poorly governed countries in the world. This poor evaluation motivated this study into the challenges to good governance in Yemen and the author's desire to demonstrate the importance of governance in addressing Yemen's current critical situation. Despite the extensive literature published on governance, works on Yemen are rare, and there is barely any academic work on governance challenges. This relatively small body of literature encouraged me to examine in depth the obstacles to governance in Yemen. This study builds a theoretical framework to examine the difficulties of establishing good governance in Yemen by exploring the critical social and institutional challenges vital for good governance. This dissertation poses the following question: What are the challenges to good governance in Yemen, and why and how do they hamper good governance in Yemen? To address this research question, I adopted a qualitative interpretive approach. This analysis is based on information gathered from a variety of sources, including mainly semi-structured formal and informal interviews, observations, governance and government materials, such as international reports, governance manuals, websites, social media posts, and related videos, among others. The findings expose nine dimensions and 21 constructed themes, which scrutinize how and why governance is hampered in Yemen. Overall, this study introduces numbers of contributions to the governance literature by identifying social and institutional challenges and showing how they influence good governance and state-building in the Yemen context. More specifically, this Ph.D. contributes to identifying and discussing the issues

Book The Republic of Yemen

    Book Details:
  • Author : Marta Colburn
  • Publisher : CIIR
  • Release : 2002
  • ISBN : 9781852872496
  • Pages : 92 pages

Download or read book The Republic of Yemen written by Marta Colburn and published by CIIR. This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Yemen on the Brink

    Book Details:
  • Author : Christopher Boucek
  • Publisher : Carnegie Endowment
  • Release : 2010-08
  • ISBN : 0870033298
  • Pages : 110 pages

Download or read book Yemen on the Brink written by Christopher Boucek and published by Carnegie Endowment. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yemen is facing a unique confluence of crises. A civil war in the North, a secessionist movement in the South, and a resurgence of al Qaeda are unfolding against the background of economic collapse, insufficient state capacity, and governance and corruption issues. The security challenges are the most important in the short run, because economic and governance issues cannot be addressed without a minimum of stability. This volume brings together analyses of the critical problems that have dragged Yemen close to state failure. It provides an assessment of Yemen's major security challenges by recognized experts, and it broadens the discussion of the tools available to the international community to pull Yemen back from the brink. Separate chapters examine the resurgence of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, the complex relationship between al Qaeda and the Yemini tribes, the Southern secessionist movement, and the civil war in Saada. Contents include • Yemen: Avoiding a Downward Spiral • What Comes Next in Yemen? Al-Qaeda, the Tribes, and State-Building • The Political Challenge of Yemen's Southern Movement • War in Saada: From Local Insurrection to National Challenge • Instrumentalizing Grievances: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Contributors include Sarah Phillips (Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney), Stephen Day (Rollins College), and Alistair Harris (RUSI and former diplomat and UN staff member).

Book Rebuilding Yemen

Download or read book Rebuilding Yemen written by Noel Brehony and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Yemenis start planning the reconstruction and rebuilding of their country after recent turmoil they face huge challenges in every major sphere. This book discusses the political and economic background and analyses the most important issues: the option of improved governance through a federal government addressing the powerful and patronage networks of the previous regime investing in Yemen's human and natural resources to compensate for falling revenues from oil and gas maintaining rural life through reduced dependence on irrigated agriculture and investing in enhancing rain fed agriculture addressing the issue of urban water shortage through desalination involving women in enhancing security

Book Uncertain Political and Security Situation Challenges U  S  Efforts to Implement a Comprehensive Strategy in Yemen

Download or read book Uncertain Political and Security Situation Challenges U S Efforts to Implement a Comprehensive Strategy in Yemen written by United States Government Accountability and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to senior State officials, the overarching U.S. policy goal in Yemen is to create a stable and secure state. To achieve that goal, the U.S. assistance strategy has for years included both a security element focused on counterterrorism activities and a civilian element focused on development activities. In 2009, in response to the increasing economic, social, and political challenges facing Yemen, the U.S. government undertook a comprehensive review of its policy toward Yemen. This review led to a whole-of-government strategy that still includes both security and civilian assistance, but that, according to U.S. officials, is more integrated than in prior years. The strategy seeks to simultaneously address security needs as well as the underlying economic, social, and political grievances that can lead to violent extremism. U.S. officials told us that assistance activities under this strategy have had to adjust to the changing security situation on the ground. Further, officials told us they have recently begun reviewing the strategy itself in light of the political changes under way in Yemen. Since fiscal year 2007, U.S. agencies have allocated more than $642 million in security and civilian assistance to Yemen. Specifically, DOD, State, and USAID have allocated approximately $326 million for security assistance and more than $316 million for civilian assistance. Allocations reached their peak in fiscal year 2010, after a failed bomb attack on a U.S.-bound airline by a Yemeni-trained Nigerian citizen in December 2009. In fiscal year 2011, however, allocations declined sharply due primarily to the political turmoil in Yemen and the difficulty of implementing training and equipping programs in such an environment, according to U.S. officials.

Book Yemen

    Book Details:
  • Author : Roby C. Barrett
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2017-08-09
  • ISBN : 9781974399529
  • Pages : 134 pages

Download or read book Yemen written by Roby C. Barrett and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Roby Barrett's sweeping study of Yemen's historical legacy and its current social, economic, and political systems is essential reading for all who would seek to understand the challenges to U.S. security interests in southern Arabia and reassess current U.S. strategy in light of recent turmoil there. Knowledge of the political, economic, social, and cultural context is fundamental to the development of a realistic counterinsurgency strategy based on the possible and affordable as opposed to the ideological or theoretical. Whatever the immediate or tactical outcome, Dr. Barrett argues that the ultimate outcome in Yemen is most likely not in doubt. The central theme of Dr. Barrett's monograph is that in Yemen, power is based on family, clan, and tribal relationships and not a national identity. Dr. Barrett builds the case that Yemen as a nation-state is a fiction that largely resides in the minds of Western bureaucrats and analysts. Central authority has been maintained only in balance with tribal, sectarian, and political groups that align with central leaders based on a system of patronage. He advises that throughout Yemen's history there always have been "multiple Yemens with fundamental social, cultural, and sectarian differences" and to view Yemen differently creates a "stumbling block" in the way of developing and executing coherent policy and strategy. Lines on a map do not constitute a nation-state. Whoever rules Yemen today faces significant challenges beyond maintaining power by political juggling. There is an insurgency in Sa'ada Governorate by Huthi rebels, who are Zaydi Shi'a upset with government policy, but a different Zaydi clan and tribe from that of the Hashid al-Ahmars and Saleh himself. Some Huthi are ideologically motivated, others are armed groups with financial motivations, and still others are motivated to defend their land and heritage. There is also an active protest movement in the south where coastal Sunni Shafais are upset with the governance of Saleh and his Shi'a Zaydis from the interior highlands.1 Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), a threat in Yemen, leverages Yemen's loosely governed rural areas for its training and staging activities. But AQAP is viewed far more seriously by the United States and its Western allies than by many in Sana'a government, which has been able to live and come to terms with the AQAP presence for extended periods. In addition, Saudi Arabia views Yemen's instability as a x threat that requires a strategic in-depth defense. As a result, the Kingdom has played a strong role in Yemeni affairs, principally through the patronage of northern tribes, the Sunni tribes and factions in the south and east, and various Yemeni politicians. Although problematic at times, this involvement has by and large protected both Saudi and Western interests. From a Western perspective, the United States has an interest in countering and containing AQAP in Yemen. U.S. policy objectives toward Yemen are "to strengthen the Government of Yemen's ability to promote security and minimize the threat from violent extremists; and to bolster its capacity to provide basic services and good governance." 2 "Our ... strategy seeks to address the root causes of instability and improve governance." 3 But beyond U.S. concern for AQAP, Dr. Barrett points out that the Yemenis understand full well that U.S. strategic interests in Yemen are "tangential to other political and strategic interests." The insights provided in Yemen: A Different Political Paradigm In Context plus recent events in Yemen suggest that the time is ripe to reconsider U.S. approaches toward Yemen. Dr. Barrett suggests that Yemen cannot be transformed. Good governance, as Western nations would define it, is most likely unachievable. Our policy must deal with multiple Yemens with conflicting historical, political, economic, and cultural heritages.

Book Uncertain Political and Security Situation Challenges U S  Efforts to Implement a Comprehensive Strategy in Yemen

Download or read book Uncertain Political and Security Situation Challenges U S Efforts to Implement a Comprehensive Strategy in Yemen written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to senior State officials, the overarching U.S. policy goal in Yemen is to create a stable and secure state. To achieve that goal, the U.S. assistance strategy has for years included both a security element focused on counterterrorism activities and a civilian element focused on development activities. In 2009, in response to the increasing economic, social, and political challenges facing Yemen, the U.S. government undertook a comprehensive review of its policy toward Yemen. This review led to a whole-of-government strategy that still includes both security and civilian assistance, but that, according to U.S. officials, is more integrated than in prior years. The strategy seeks to simultaneously address security needs as well as the underlying economic, social, and political grievances that can lead to violent extremism. U.S. officials told us that assistance activities under this strategy have had to adjust to the changing security situation on the ground. Further, officials told us they have recently begun reviewing the strategy itself in light of the political changes under way in Yemen.

Book Global  Regional  and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis

Download or read book Global Regional and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis written by Stephen W. Day and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This international relations study investigates the underlying causes of the Yemen crisis by analyzing the interactions of global, regional, and local actors. At all phases, GCC member states played a key role, from political negotiations amidst street protests in 2011 to formation of an international military coalition in 2015. Using a multi-actor model, the book shows that various actors, whether state or non-state, foreign or domestic, combined to create a disastrous armed conflict and humanitarian crisis. Yemen’s tragedy is often blamed on Saudi Arabia and its rivalry with Iran, which is usually defined in sectarian “Sunni-Shia” terms, yet the book presents a more complex picture of what happened due to involvement by many other foreign actors, such as the UAE, UN, UK, US, EU, Russia, China, Turkey, Oman, Qatar, and African states of the Red Sea and Horn of Africa.

Book The Conflicts in Yemen and U  S  National Security

Download or read book The Conflicts in Yemen and U S National Security written by W. Terrill and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political situation within Yemen has catapulted to the top tier of U.S. national security concerns over the last several years as it has become more directly linked to both the problem of international terrorism and the need for future stability in the Arabian Peninsula. On the terrorism front, the December 25, 2009, attempted bombing of a U.S. passenger aircraft in Detroit, Michigan, by an individual trained by Yemeni terrorists was a particularly clear warning to the United States about the dangers of neglecting this geopolitically important country. Yet, this near catastrophe also underscored the need for a careful consideration of U.S. policies regarding Yemen. This requirement may be especially clear when one considers the chain of events that might have been set off had there been a successful terrorist strike in Detroit in which hundreds of Americans were killed. Apart from the human cost of such a tragedy, the U.S. leadership would have been under enormous pressure to respond in a way consistent with the level of public outrage associated with the event. Public pressure might well have existed for military intervention in Yemen with U.S. ground combat troops. Such an intervention is something that the present work insists would infuriate virtually the entire Yemeni population, regardless of the objective merits of the U.S. case for the offensive use of U.S. ground combat forces. In approaching this analysis, Dr. W. Andrew Terrill quotes then Central Command Commander General David Petraeus in an April 2009 statement that the al-Qaeda threat across the Middle East is weakening except in Yemen. In Yemen, the threat still seems to be growing well over a year following this prescient observation. Additionally, while the terrorism threat alone requires an intensive U.S. interest in Yemen, it is not the only reason why an understanding of current Yemeni issues is important for the U.S. national interest. An intermittent insurgency by Zaydi rebels in northern Yemen and an expanding secessionist movement in southern Yemen are also serious problems which may have important implications for the wider Arabian Peninsula. Unfortunately, while these problems are straightforward, their solutions are not. Dr. Terrill also points out how deeply distrustful most Yemenis are of any foreign military presence on their soil and how quickly clerical leadership in Yemen will characterize any U.S. bases in Yemen as colonialism, which the population is required to resist by their religion. The U.S. challenge is therefore to help Yemen destroy al-Qaeda without deploying large numbers of U.S. troops in that country, while encouraging a peaceful and lasting resolution of the government's problems with the northern Zaydi tribesmen and the "Southern Movement," which calls for an independent state in the south. All important U.S. policies on Yemen will have to be coordinated with Saudi Arabia, which is Yemen's largest aid donor and plays a major role in Yemen's politics. The Strategic Studies Institute is pleased to offer this monograph as a contribution to the national security debate on this important subject as our nation continues to grapple with a variety of problems associated with the future of the Middle East and the ongoing struggle against al-Qaeda. This analysis should be especially useful to U.S. strategic leaders and intelligence professionals as they seek to address the complicated interplay of factors related to regional security issues, fighting terrorism, and the support of local allies. This work may also benefit those seeking a greater understanding of long-range issues of Middle Eastern and global security. It is hoped that this work will be of benefit to officers of all services, as well as other U.S. Government officials involved in military and security assistance planning.

Book Yemen and the Politics of Permanent Crisis

Download or read book Yemen and the Politics of Permanent Crisis written by Sarah Phillips and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East is in the midst of considerable and unpredictable changes, but deeply patrimonial political systems do not change overnight and neither do the international and regional structures that have helped them to endure for so long. The informal rules that guide Yemeni society and its dysfunctional political settlement look set to endure, in spite of unprecedented protests. Entangled in a narrative of acute crisis and possible state failure, the country still relies on foreign assistance to prop up its ailing economy. Fearing the threat from al-Qaeda on Yemeni soil as well as the crisis of the Houthi insurgency and the southern secessionist movement, regional and Western powers have continued to bankroll the regime without taking significant steps to address the underlying causes of instability and threat. Drawing on research carried out on the ground in Yemen, this Adelphi examines the shadowy structures that govern political life and sustain a network of social elites predisposed against any far-reaching systemic reform. It looks behind the scenes at the regimes opaque internal politics, at its entrenched patronage system and at the rules of the game that will shape the behaviour of the post-Saleh rulers, to offer insights for how the West may better engage within that game

Book Peripheral Visions

    Book Details:
  • Author : Lisa Wedeen
  • Publisher : University of Chicago Press
  • Release : 2009-08-01
  • ISBN : 0226877922
  • Pages : 324 pages

Download or read book Peripheral Visions written by Lisa Wedeen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-08-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions. Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.

Book The Conflicts in Yemen and U S  National Security

Download or read book The Conflicts in Yemen and U S National Security written by W. Andrew Terrill and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2011 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conflicts in Yemen and U.S. national security -- Introduction -- The Yemeni political system in crisis -- Yemen's security concerns with the Houthi rebellion and the Southern secessionists -- The Houthi rebellion -- The Southern movement -- Yemeni regional politics and the relationship with Saudi Arabia -- The origins and development of the Al-Qaeda presence in Yemen -- The intensification and expansion of the Al-Qaeda threat in Yemen -- U.S. interests and policies involving Yemen -- Conclusion and recommendations.

Book Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy

Download or read book Domestic Constraints on South Korean Foreign Policy written by Scott A. Snyder and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays support the argument that strong and effective presidential leadership is the most important prerequisite for South Korea to sustain and project its influence abroad. That leadership should be attentive to the need for public consensus and should operate within established legislative mechanisms that ensure public accountability. The underlying structures sustaining South Korea’s foreign policy formation are generally sound; the bigger challenge is to manage domestic politics in ways that promote public confidence about the direction and accountability of presidential leadership in foreign policy.

Book Yemen

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jeremy M Sharp
  • Publisher : Independently Published
  • Release : 2019-04-04
  • ISBN : 9781092733649
  • Pages : 24 pages

Download or read book Yemen written by Jeremy M Sharp and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information on the ongoing crisis in Yemen. Now in its fifth year, the war in Yemen shows no signs of abating. The war has killed thousands of Yemenis, including combatants as well as civilians, and has significantly damaged the country's infrastructure. The difficulty of accessing certain areas of Yemen has made it problematic for governments and aid agencies to count the war's casualties. One U.S. and European-funded organization, the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), estimates that 60,000 Yemenis have been killed since January 2016. Though fighting continues along several fronts, on December 13, 2018, Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General for Yemen Martin Griffiths brokered a cease-fire centered on the besieged Red Sea port city of Hudaydah, Yemen's largest port. As part of the deal, the coalition and the Houthis agreed to redeploy their forces outside Hudaydah city and port. The United Nations agreed to chair a Redeployment Coordination Committee (RCC) to monitor the cease-fire and redeployment. On January 16, the United Nations Security Council (UNSCR) passed UNSCR 2452, which authorized (for a six-month period) the creation of the United Nations Mission to support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA), of which the RCC is a significant component. As of late March 2019, the Stockholm Agreement remains unfulfilled, although U.N. officials claim that the parties have made "significant progress towards an agreement to implement phase one of the redeployments of the Hudayda agreement." Although both the Obama and Trump Administrations have called for a political solution to the conflict, the two sides in Yemen appear to fundamentally disagree over the framework for a potential political solution. The Saudi-led coalition demands that the Houthi militia disarm, relinquish its heavy weaponry (ballistic missiles and rockets), and return control of the capital, Sanaa, to the internationally recognized government of President Abdu Rabbu Mansour Hadi, who is in exile in Saudi Arabia. The coalition asserts that there remains international consensus for these demands, insisting that the conditions laid out in United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2216 (April 2015) should form the basis for a solution to the conflict. The Houthis reject UNSCR 2216 and seem determined to outlast their opponents while consolidating their control over northern Yemen. Since the December 2017 Houthi killing of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, a former Houthi ally, there is no apparent single Yemeni rival to challenge Houthi rule in northern Yemen. Armed groups, including Islamist extremists, operate in other parts of the country, and rival political movements and trends advance competing visions for the long-term reestablishment of national governance in the country. The reconciliation of Yemeni factions and the redefinition of the country's political system, security sector, and social contract will likely require years of additional diplomatic engagement. According to the United Nations, Yemen's humanitarian crisis is the worst in the world, with close to 80% of Yemen's population of nearly 30 million needing some form of assistance. Two-thirds of the population is considered food insecure; one-third is suffering from extreme levels of hunger; and the United Nations estimates that 230 out of Yemen's 333 districts are at risk of famine. In sum, the United Nations notes that humanitarian assistance is "increasingly becoming the only lifeline for millions of Yemenis."

Book U s  Assistance to Yemen

Download or read book U s Assistance to Yemen written by U. s. Government Accountability Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terrorist group AQAP, one of the top threats to U.S. national security, is based in Yemen—a country facing serious economic and social challenges and undergoing a difficult political transition following civil unrest in 2011. Since 2007, State, DOD, and USAID have allocated over $1 billion in assistance to help Yemen counter AQAP and address other challenges. The three largest U.S. assistance programs in Yemen are USAID's Food for Peace program, which has provided emergency food aid, and DOD's Section 1206 and 1207(n) programs, which have provided training and equipment to Yemeni security forces. In response to a Senate report that directed GAO to review U.S. assistance to Yemen, and following up on GAO's February 2012 report on the types and amounts of such assistance, GAO examined (1) the extent of progress made toward U.S. strategic goals for Yemen, (2) the extent of progress made by the Food for Peace and Section 1206 and 1207(n) programs, and (3) key challenges to U.S. assistance efforts. GAO reviewed agency documents and met with U.S. and Yemeni officials and implementing partners in Washington, D.C., and Sana'a, Yemen. Progress toward U.S. strategic goals for Yemen has been mixed. The Departments of State (State) and Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have conducted numerous civilian and security assistance activities in support of these strategic goals. Although some progress has been made since the civil unrest in 2011, obstacles remain to achieving each goal. For example, while there has been an orderly political transition to a new president, key milestones—such as convening a national dialogue to promote reconciliation—have been delayed. In addition, while Yemeni security forces have retaken territory seized by al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) in 2011, the security situation remains unstable. USAID data indicate that the Food for Peace program exceeded most of its annual targets between fiscal years 2008 and 2011 for the number of individuals in Yemen benefiting from food donations. However, reports to Congress about the program have lacked timeliness, accuracy, clarity, and consistency. With regard to the Section 1206 and 1207(n) programs, DOD has developed an evaluation process to assess the programs' effectiveness but has not conducted an evaluation in Yemen, citing security concerns. Consequently, limited information exists for decision makers to use in conducting oversight of these assistance programs and making future funding decisions. Security conditions and political divisions in Yemen pose key challenges to U.S. assistance efforts. First, Yemen's unstable security situation constrains U.S. training of Yemeni security forces, restricts oversight of civilian assistance projects, and endangers Yemeni nationals who work for the United States. For example, a Yemeni employee of the U.S. embassy was murdered in October 2012, and other Yemeni staff at the embassy, as well as their families, face threats. Second, because of leadership and coordination challenges within the Yemeni government, key recipients of U.S. security assistance made limited use of this assistance until recently to combat AQAP in support of the U.S. strategic goal of improving Yemen's security. However, according to DOD officials, recent actions by the Yemeni government to replace key leaders of security force units and reorganize security ministries have addressed some of these challenges. GAO-13-310

Book The Conflicts in Yemen and U S  National Security

Download or read book The Conflicts in Yemen and U S National Security written by W. Andrew Terrill and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: