Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Download or read book Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulp and Paper Industry: Chemical Recovery examines the scientific and technical advances that have been made in chemical recovery, including the very latest developments. It looks at general aspects of the chemical recovery process and its significance, black liquor evaporation, black liquor combustion, white liquor preparation, and lime reburning. The book also describes the technologies for chemical recovery of nonwood black liquor, as well as direct alkali regeneration systems in small pulp mills. In addition, it includes a discussion of alternative chemical recovery processes, i.e. alternative causticization and gasification processes, and the progress being made in the recovery of filler, coating color, and pigments. Furthermore, it discusses the utilization of new value streams (fuels and chemicals) from residuals and spent pulping liquor, including related environmental challenges. - Offers thorough and in-depth coverage of scientific and technical advances in chemical recovery in pulp making - Discusses alternative chemical recovery processes, i.e., alternative causticization and gasification processes - Covers the progress being made in the recovery of filler, coating color, and pigments - Examines utilization of new value streams (fuels and chemicals) from residuals and spent pulping liquor - Discusses environmental challenges (air emissions, mill closure) - Presents ways in which the economics, energy efficiency, and environmental protection associated with the recovery process can be improved
Download or read book Pulping Processes written by Sven A. Rydholm and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods in Lignin Chemistry written by Stephen Y. Lin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date compilation of the theoretical background and practical procedures involved in lignin characterization. Whenever possible, the procedures are presented in sufficient detail to enable the reader to perform the analysis solely by following the step-by-step description. The advantages and limitations of individual methods are discussed and, more importantly, illustrated by typical analytical data in comparison to results obtained from other methods. This handbook serves the need of researchers and other professionals in academia, the pulp and paper industry as well as allied industries. It is equally useful for those with no previous experience in lignin or lignocellulosics.
Download or read book Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features in-depth and thorough coverage of Minimum Impact Mill Technologies which can meet the environmental challenges of the pulp and paper industry and also discusses Mills and Fiberlines that encompass “State-of-the-Art” technology and management practices. The minimum impact mill does not mean "zero effluent", nor is it exclusive to one bleaching concept. It is a much bigger concept which means that significant progress must be made in the following areas: Water Management, Internal Chemical Management, Energy Management, Control and Discharge of Non-Process Elements and Removal of Hazardous Pollutants. At the moment, there is no bleached kraft pulp mill operating with zero effluent. With the rise in environmental awareness due to the lobbying by environmental organizations and with increased government regulation there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry. Sustainable pulp and paper manufacturing requires a holistic view of the manufacturing process. During the last decade, there have been revolutionary technical developments in pulping, bleaching and chemical recovery technology. These developments have made it possible to further reduce loads in effluents and airborne emissions. Thus, there has been a strong progress towards minimum impact mills in the pulp and paper industry. The minimum-impact mill is a holistic manufacturing concept that encompasses environmental management systems, compliance with environmental laws and regulations and manufacturing technologies.
Download or read book Handbook of Paper and Board written by Herbert Holik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 1223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papermaking is a fascinating art and technology. The second edition of this successful 2 volume handbook provides a comprehensive view on the technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board. It has been updated, revised and largely extended in depth and width including the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. A wide knowledge basis is a prerequisite in evaluating and optimizing the whole process chain to ensure efficient paper and board production. The same is true in their application and end use. The book covers a wide range of topics: * Raw materials required for paper and board manufacturing such as fibers, chemical additives and fillers * Processes and machinery applied to prepare the stock and to produce the various paper and board grades including automation and trouble shooting * Paper converting and printing processes, book preservation * The different paper and board grades as well as testing and analysing fiber suspensions, paper and board products, and converted or printed matters * Environmental and energy factors as well as safety aspects. The handbook will provide professionals in the field, e. g. papermakers as well as converters and printers, laymen, students, politicians and other interested people with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of- the-art techniques and aspects involved in paper making, converting and printing.
Download or read book Holographic Sensors written by Ali Kemal Yetisen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a theoretical and experimental approach for the rapid fabrication, optimization and testing of holographic sensors for the quantification of pH, organic solvents, metal cations, and glucose in solutions. Developing non-invasive and reusable diagnostics sensors that can be easily manufactured will support the monitoring of high-risk individuals in any clinical or point-of-care setting. Sensor fabrication approaches outlined include silver-halide chemistry, laser ablation and photopolymerization. The sensors employ off-axis Bragg diffraction gratings of ordered silver nanoparticles and localized refractive index changes in poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polyacrylamide films. The sensors exhibited reversible Bragg peak shifts, and diffracted the spectrum of narrow-band light over the wavelength range λpeak ≈ 495-1100 nm. Clinical trials of glucose sensors in the urine samples of diabetic patients demonstrated that they offer superior performance compared to commercial high-throughput urinalysis devices. Lastly, a generic smartphone application to quantify colorimetric tests was developed and tested for both Android and iOS operating systems. The sensing platform and smartphone application may have implications for the development of low-cost, reusable and equipment-free point-of-care diagnostic devices.
Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Download or read book Cellulose Chemistry and Properties Fibers Nanocelluloses and Advanced Materials written by Orlando J. Rojas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vincent Bulone et al.: Cellulose sources and new understanding of synthesis in plants Thomas Heinze et al.:Cellulose structure and properties Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast, Ute Henniges et al.: Recent developments in cellulose aging (degradation / yellowing / chromophore formation) Sunkyu Park et al.:Cellulose crystallinity Lina Zhang et al.:Gelation and dissolution behavior of cellulose Yoshiyuki Nishio et al.:Cellulose and derivatives in liquid crystals Alessandro Gandini, Naceur Belgacem et al.:The surface and in-depth modification of cellulose fibers Emily D. Cranston et al.:Interfacial properties of cellulose Herbert Sixta, Michael Hummel et al.Cellulose Fibers Regenerated from Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids Qi Zhou et al.:Cellulose-based biocomposites Orlando Rojas et al.:Films of cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils Pedro Fardim et al.:Functional cellulose particles Wadood Hamad et al.:Cellulose Composites
Download or read book Primary Wood Processing written by John C.F. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-13 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is primarily a general text covering the whole sweep of the forest industries. The over-riding emphasis is on a clear, simple interpretation of the underlying science, demonstrating how such principles apply to processing operations. The book considers the broad question "what is wood?" by looking at the biology, chemistry and physics of wood structure. Wood quality is examined, and explanations are offered on how and why wood quality varies and the implications for processing. Finally, various "industrial processes" are reviewed and interpreted. All chapters have been written by specialists, but the presentation targets a generalist audience.
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology written by James A. Kent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-13 with total page 1560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
Download or read book Nanopapers written by Wenyi Huang and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanopapers: From Nanochemistry and Nanomanufacturing to Advanced Applications gives a comprehensive overview of the emerging technology of nanopapers. Exploring the latest developments on nanopapers in nanomaterials chemistry and nanomanufacturing technologies, this book outlines the unique properties of nanopapers and their advanced applications. Nanopapers are thin sheets or films made of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoclays, cellulose nanofibrils, and graphene nanoplatelets. Noticeably, nanopapers allow highly concentrated nanoparticles to be tightly packed in a thin film to reach unique properties such as very high electrical and thermal conductivities, very low diffusivity, and strong corrosion resistance that are shared by conventional polymer nanocomposites. This book presents a concise introduction to nanopapers, covering concepts, terminology and applications. It outlines both current applications and future possibilities, and will be of great use to nanochemistry and nanomanufacturing researchers and engineers who want to learn more about how nanopapers can be applied. - Outlines the main uses of nanopapers, showing readers how this emerging technology should best be applied - Shows how the unique properties of nanopapers make them adaptable for use in a wide range of applications - Explores methods for the nanomanufacture of nanopapers
Download or read book Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural biomass is abundant worldwide and it can be considered as alternative source of renewable and sustainable materials which can be used as potential materials for different applications. Despite this enormous production of agricultural biomass, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different applications. Industry must be prepared to take advantage of the situation and utilize the available biomass in the best possible manner. Agricultural biomass such as natural fibres has been successfully investigated as a great potential to be used as a renewable and sustainable materials for the production of composite materials. Natural fibres offer excellent specific properties and have potential as outstanding reinforcing fillers in the matrix and can be used as an alternative material for biocomposites, hybrid composites, pulp, and paper industries. Natural fibre based polymer composites made of jute, oil palm, flex, hemp, kenaf have a low market cost, attractive with respect to global sustainability and find increasing commercial use in different applications. Agricultural biomass based composites find applications in a number of fields viz., automotive industry and construction industry. Future research on agricultural biomass-natural fibre based composites should not only be limited to its automotive applications but can be explored for its application in aircraft components, construction industry, rural housing and biomedical applications. In this book we will cover the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, and biodegradability properties of agricultural biomass based composite materials and its different potential applications. The main goal of this volume is to familiarize researchers, scientists and engineers with the unique research opportunities and potentials of agricultural biomass based materials. Up-to-date information on alternative biomass utilization Academic and industry leaders discuss unique properties of biomass based composite materials Direct application of agricultural biomass materials as sustainable and renewable alternatives
Download or read book Management of Pulp and Paper Mill Waste written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulp and paper mill industries are always associated with the disposal problem of highly contaminated sludge or bio-solids. The development of innovative systems to maximize recovery of useful materials and/or energy in a sustainable way has become necessary. The management of wastes, in particular of industrial waste, in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most critical issues facing modern industry, mainly due to the increased difficulties in properly locating disposal works and complying with even more stringent environmental quality requirements imposed by legislation. This book presents a general Introduction on waste management in the pulp and paper industry and contains topics on the generation of waste in pulp and paper mills, waste composition, methods of sludge pre-treatment, processes and technologies for conversion of pulp and paper mill waste into valuable products, waste reduction techniques employed in the pulp and paper Industry worldwide and future trends.
Download or read book Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Processes written by Gerald Hough and published by Tappi. This book was released on 1985 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Black Liquor Gasification written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) is a first of its kind to guide chemical engineers, students, operators of paper plants, technocrats, and entrepreneurs on practical guidelines and a holistic techno-enviro-economic perspective applicable to their future or existing projects based on the treatment of black liquor for energy production. BLG describes the gasification process as a more efficient alternative to current processes for the conversion of black liquor biomass into energy. BLG operates largely in sync with other methods to improve pulp-making efficiency. This book explains how BLG offers a way to generate electricity and to reclaim pulping chemicals from black liquor, and why BLG would replace the Tomlinson recovery boiler for the recovery of spent chemicals and energy. - Describes the utilization of black liquor as a source of energy - Provides a detailed account of black liquor gasification processes for the production of energy and chemicals from black liquor - Provides guidelines to chemical engineers for the treatment of black liquor
Download or read book Forest Product Conversion Factors for the UNECE Region written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
