Download or read book Global Diversification Discount and Its Discontents written by Sungyong Chang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The documented discount on globally diversified firms is often cited, but a correlation is not per se evidence that global diversification destroys firm value. Firms choose to globally diversify based on their firm attributes, some of which may be unobservable. Given these exogenous firm attributes, the decision to diversify globally is endogenous and self-selected. Using the same specifications save for the Heckman selection instrument, our results contradict past research that did not address endogeneity. We posit that the global premium should reflect the value of multinational operating flexibility. We use the 2008-2009 financial crisis as creating exogenous variation to permit a test for the positive change in firm valuation due to global diversification. During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, the premium associated with global diversification became larger and more significant than before the 2008-2009 financial crisis. The churn of subsidiaries entering and exiting countries increased during the crisis, pointing to the value of an operating flexibility to restructure the geography of the multinational network. In all, the results contradict past findings and provide evidence that operating flexibility is more valued during times of high volatility, thus generating the diversification premium.

Download or read book Global diversification industrial diversification and firm value written by David J. Denis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Hedging Benefits of Domestic and Global Diversification written by Yixin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the influence of economic downturns on the relation between diversification and firm value in a large panel of U.S. firms over the period from 1984 to 2014. When markets are incomplete or there are significant frictions, diversification provides value when the fortunes of one business segment are imperfectly correlated with the fortunes of another. We test whether this hedging effect of diversification is valued by the market. We find that the hedging value of diversification during economic downturns reduces the diversification discount by 9% for domestically diversified firms and 12% for globally diversified firms. Our results are robust to controlling for endogeneity of diversification decisions. Consistent with a hedging value of diversification, we find that risk reduction as measured by the correlation of a firm's industrial and regional operations with the state of the economy is a key channel through which diversification becomes more valuable during economic downturns. We find little evidence that the enhanced value of diversification during downturns is attributable to alternative explanations such as mitigation of overinvestment in value-reducing diversification strategies, enhanced value of internal capital markets, or more valuable debt coinsurance.

Download or read book Does the International Diversification Discount Vary by Industry And or Firm Characteristics written by Steven Jay Casper and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ph. D.

Download or read book Globalization and Its Discontents written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2003-04-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This powerful, unsettling book gives us a rare glimpse behind the closed doors of global financial institutions by the winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics. When it was first published, this national bestseller quickly became a touchstone in the globalization debate. Renowned economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz had a ringside seat for most of the major economic events of the last decade, including stints as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and chief economist at the World Bank. Particularly concerned with the plight of the developing nations, he became increasingly disillusioned as he saw the International Monetary Fund and other major institutions put the interests of Wall Street and the financial community ahead of the poorer nations. Those seeking to understand why globalization has engendered the hostility of protesters in Seattle and Genoa will find the reasons here. While this book includes no simple formula on how to make globalization work, Stiglitz provides a reform agenda that will provoke debate for years to come. Rarely do we get such an insider's analysis of the major institutions of globalization as in this penetrating book. With a new foreword for this paperback edition.

Download or read book Research Anthology on Cross Industry Challenges of Industry 4 0 written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Industry 4.0 brings on a new bout of transformation and fundamental changes in various industries, the traditional manufacturing and production methods are falling to the wayside. Industrial processes must embrace modern technology and the most recent trends to keep up with the times. With “smart factories”; the automation of information and data; and the inclusion of IoT, AI technologies, robotics, and cloud computing comes new challenges to tackle. These changes are creating new threats in security, reliability, the regulations around legislation and standardization of technologies, malfunctioning devices or operational disruptions, and more. These effects span a variety of industries and need to be discussed. Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0 explores the challenges that have risen as multidisciplinary industries adapt to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. With a shifting change in technology, operations, management, and business models, the impacts of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation will be long-lasting and will forever change the face of manufacturing and production. This book highlights a cross-industry view of these challenges, the impacts they have, potential solutions, and the technological advances that have brought about these new issues. It is ideal for mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, manufacturers, supply chain managers, logistics specialists, investors, managers, policymakers, production scientists, researchers, academicians, and students looking for cross-industry research on the challenges associated with Industry 4.0.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship and Industry 4 0 written by Krishna Raj Bhandari and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-07 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industry 4.0 (i4.0) can unleash new business models or develop essential insights for a better decision-making process. It includes technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, cloud computing, machine learning, robotics, 5G, and Big Data Analytics (BDA). The imperative of i4.0 can enhance value creation and value capture at the same time with unmatched efficiency. This book explores how entrepreneurs can balance entrepreneurial exploration and exploitation in i4.0. The analytics world is moving beyond the descriptive to predictive, and in the future, it will be more prescriptive enabled by AI, machine learning, expert systems, and 5G. Thus, the future of entrepreneurial exploration and exploitation depends on how information is used to develop insights and to make intelligent, smart, and fact-based decisions to take actions that may have real-time correction mechanisms. As such, i4.0 has implications for students, managers, researchers, policymakers, and politicians alike. This book is a must-read for all.

Download or read book Diversification Information Asymmetry Cost of Capital and Production Efficiency written by Yong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines how diversification changes firms' key characteristics, which consequently alter firms' value. The reason why I focus on this topic is because of the mixed findings in literature about the valuation effect of diversification. This study offers deeper insights to the influence of diversification on important valuation factors that are already identified in finance literature. Specifically, it examines if diversification affects firms' information asymmetry problem, firms' cost of capital and cash flow, and firms' production efficiency. The study looks at both the financial industry and non-financial industry and the chapters are arranged in the following order. Firstly, empirical studies show that investors do not value BHCs' pursuit of non-interest income generating activities and yet these activities have demonstrated a dramatic pace of growth in the recent decades. An interesting question is what factors drive the discontent of the investors with the diversification endeavors of the BHCs in non-interest income activities. The first chapter examines the subject from the view point of information opaqueness, which is unique in the banking industry in terms of its intensity. We propose that increased diversification into non-interest income activities deepens information asymmetry, making BHCs more opaque and curtailing their value, as a result. Two important results are obtained in support of this proposition. First, analysts' forecasts are less accurate and more dispersed for the BHCs with greater diversity of non-interest income activities, indicating that information asymmetry problem is more severe for these BHCs. Second, stock market reactions to earning announcements by these BHCs signaling new information to the market are larger, indicating that more information is revealed to the market by each announcement. These findings indicate that increased diversity of non-interest income activities is associated with more severe information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders and, hence, a lower valuation by shareholder. Secondly, since Lang and Stulz (1994) and Berger and Ofek (1995), corporate literature has taken the position that industrial diversification is associated with a firm value discount. However, the validity and the sources of the diversification discount are still highly debated. In particular, extant studies limit themselves to cash flow effects, totally overlooking the cost of capital as a factor determining firm value. Inspired by Lamont and Polk (2001), the second chapter examines how industrial and international diversification change the conglomerates' cost of capital (equity and debt), and thereby the firm value. Our empirical results, based on a sample of Russell 3000 firms over the 1998-2004 period, show that industrial (international) diversification is associated with a lower (higher) firm cost of capital. These findings also hold for firms fully financed with equity. In addition, international diversification is found to be associated with a lower operating cash flow while industrial diversification doesn't alter it. These results indicate that industrial (international) diversification is associated with firm value enhancement (destruction). Given the fact that the majority of the firms involved in industrial diversification also diversify internationally, failing to separate these two dimensions of diversification may result in mistakenly attributing the diversification discount to industrial diversification. Thirdly, financial conglomerates have been increasingly diversifying their business into banking, securities, and insurance activities, especially after the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA, 1999). The third chapter examines whether bank holding company (BHC) diversification is associated with improvement in production efficiency. By applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Malmquist Index of productivity, and total factor productivity change as a decomposed factor of the index, are calculated for a sample of BHCs over the period 1997-2007. The following results are obtained. First, technical efficiency is negatively associated with activity diversification and the effect is primarily driven by BHCs that did not diversify through Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Second, the degree of change in diversification over time does not affect the total factor productivity change but is negatively associated with technical efficiency change over time. This latter effect is also primarily shown on BHCs that did not have Section 20 subsidiaries before GLBA. Therefore, it can be concluded that diversification is on average associated with lower production efficiency of BHCs, especially those BHCs without first-mover advantage obtained through Section 20 subsidiaries. These chapters explores the possible channels through which diversification could alter firms' valuation. They contribute to the literature by offering further knowledge about the effect of diversification.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Management in Emerging Markets written by Robert Grosse and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2019 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to managing in emerging markets / Klaus E. Meyer, Robert Grosse -- Conceptual approaches to managing in emerging markets / Robert Grosse, Klaus E. Meyer -- International business and emerging markets in historical perspective / Geoffrey Jones -- Economics, transitions, and traps in emerging markets / John M. Luiz -- Institutional theory perspectives on emerging economies / Tatiana Kostova, Valentina Marano -- Emerging markets and the international investment law and policy regime / Karl P. Sauvant -- Financial decisions, behavioral biases, and governance in emerging markets / Emir Hrnjic, David M. Reeb, Bernard Yeung -- Corporate governance in emerging markets / Ruth V. Aguilera, Ilir Haxhi -- Consumer behavior in emerging markets / Raquel Castano, David Flores -- Examining base of the pyramid (BoP) venture success through the mutual value card approach / Krzysztof Dembek, Nagaraj Sivasubramaniam -- Regulatory institutions and multinational companies in emerging markets / Farok Contractor -- Corporate political ties in emerging markets / Pei Sun -- Adjustment of mne geographic market strategy in responding to the rise of local competitors in an emerging market / J.T. Li, Zhenzhen Xie -- Global production networks, territoriality, and political authority / Stephen J. Kobrin -- Innovation in emerging markets / George S. Yip, Shameeen Prashantham -- Human rights, emerging economies, and international business / Florian Wettstein -- Spillovers from FDI in emerging market economies / Sumon Kumar Bhaumik, Nigel Driffield, Meng Song, Priit Vahter -- Risk management for companies operating in emerging markets / Donald Lessard -- Entrepreneurship in emerging markets / Saul Estrin, Tomasz Mickiewicz, Ute Stephan, Mike Wright -- Innovation and internationalization of SMEs in emerging economies / John Child -- Family business in emerging economies / Rodrigo Basco -- The economic and sociological approaches to research on business groups in emerging economies / Chi-Nien Chung, Rose Xiaowei Luo -- State-owned multinationals in international competition / Aldo Musacchio, Felipe Monteiro, Sergio G. Lazzarini -- Local firms within global value chains : from local assembler to value partner / Shameen Prashantham, George S. Yip -- Emerging economy multinationals in advanced economies / Lin Cui, Preet S. Aulakh -- Investments by emerging-economy multinationals in other emerging economies / Jing Li, Daniel Shapiro -- Human resource management in emerging markets / Dana Minbaeva -- Managing multinationals in Brazil : opportunities and challenges / Jorge Carneiro -- Managing emerging markets in Russia / Sheila M. Puffer, Daniel J. McCarthy, Ruth C. May, Galina V. Shirokova, Andrei Panibratov -- India / S Raghunath, Jaykumar Padmanabhan -- How real are the opportunities for multinationals in China? / Peter J. Williamson, Feng Wan -- Managing in emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe / Kalman Kalotay, Magdolna Sass -- Operating across levels in the global economic hierarchy : insights from South Africa's setting in wider Africa and the world / Helena Barnard, Tessy Onaji-Benson -- Management in Southeast Asia : a business systems perspective / Michael A. Witt

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management written by Simon Chadwick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soccer is the world’s most valuable sport, generating bigger revenues, as well as being watched and played by more people, than any other. It is virtually impossible to understand the business of sport without understanding the football industry. This book surveys contemporary football in unparalleled breadth and depth. Presenting critical insights from world-leading football scholars and introducing football’s key organisations, leagues and emerging nations, it explores key themes from governance and law to strategy and finance, as well as cutting edge topics such as analytics, digital media and the women’s game. This is essential reading for all students, researchers and practitioners working in football, sport business, sport management or mainstream business and management.

Download or read book Analyzing the Impacts of Industry 4 0 in Modern Business Environments written by Brunet-Thornton, Richard and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to improve competitiveness and performance, corporations must embrace advancements in digitalization. Successful implementation of knowledge management is a huge factor in corporate success. Analyzing the Impacts of Industry 4.0 in Modern Business Environments is a critical scholarly publication that explores digital transformation in business environments and the requirement for not only a substantial management change plan but equally the two essential components of knowledge management: knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer. Featuring a broad range of topics such as strategic planning, knowledge transfer, and cybersecurity risk management, this book is geared toward researchers, academicians, and students seeking current and relevant research on organizational knowledge intensity and monitoring of knowledge management development.

Download or read book Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited Anti Globalization in the Era of Trump written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An International Bestseller "Accessible, provocative, and highly readable." —Alan Cowell, New York Times In this crucial expansion and update of his landmark bestseller, renowned economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz addresses globalization’s new discontents in the United States and Europe. Immediately upon publication, Globalization and Its Discontents became a touchstone in the globalization debate by demonstrating how the International Monetary Fund, other major institutions like the World Bank, and global trade agreements have often harmed the developing nations they are supposedly helping. Yet globalization today continues to be mismanaged, and now the harms—exemplified by the rampant inequality to which it has contributed—have come home to roost in the United States and the rest of the developed world as well, reflected in growing political unrest. With a new introduction, major new chapters on the new discontents, the rise of Donald Trump, and the new protectionist movement, as well as a new afterword on the course of globalization since the book first appeared, Stiglitz’s powerful and prescient messages remain essential reading.

Download or read book Globalisation and its Discontents written by John Wiseman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-06-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most analyses of globalization convey the message that it is an unstoppable force sweeping away national sovereignty and inevitably creating a brave new world of borderless and boundless consumerism. In such a context politics and democracy become irrelevant. This collection of essays develops a more critical and grounded analysis of the nature and implications of globalization. Many of the contributions to this book conclude that there are real political choices to be made. Even though the economic context has changed, politics still matters.

Download or read book Freefall America Free Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy written by Joseph E. Stiglitz and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An incisive look at the global economic crisis, our flawed response, and the implications for the world’s future prosperity. The Great Recession, as it has come to be called, has impacted more people worldwide than any crisis since the Great Depression. Flawed government policy and unscrupulous personal and corporate behavior in the United States created the current financial meltdown, which was exported across the globe with devastating consequences. The crisis has sparked an essential debate about America’s economic missteps, the soundness of this country’s economy, and even the appropriate shape of a capitalist system. Few are more qualified to comment during this turbulent time than Joseph E. Stiglitz. Winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics, Stiglitz is “an insanely great economist, in ways you can’t really appreciate unless you’re deep into the field” (Paul Krugman, New York Times). In Freefall, Stiglitz traces the origins of the Great Recession, eschewing easy answers and demolishing the contention that America needs more billion-dollar bailouts and free passes to those “too big to fail,” while also outlining the alternatives and revealing that even now there are choices ahead that can make a difference. The system is broken, and we can only fix it by examining the underlying theories that have led us into this new “bubble capitalism.” Ranging across a host of topics that bear on the crisis, Stiglitz argues convincingly for a restoration of the balance between government and markets. America as a nation faces huge challenges—in health care, energy, the environment, education, and manufacturing—and Stiglitz penetratingly addresses each in light of the newly emerging global economic order. An ongoing war of ideas over the most effective type of capitalist system, as well as a rebalancing of global economic power, is shaping that order. The battle may finally give the lie to theories of a “rational” market or to the view that America’s global economic dominance is inevitable and unassailable. For anyone watching with indignation while a reckless Wall Street destroyed homes, educations, and jobs; while the government took half-steps hoping for a “just-enough” recovery; and while bankers fell all over themselves claiming not to have seen what was coming, then sought government bailouts while resisting regulation that would make future crises less likely, Freefall offers a clear accounting of why so many Americans feel disillusioned today and how we can realize a prosperous economy and a moral society for the future.

Download or read book International Law and its Discontents written by Barbara Stark and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Civilization and its Discontents, Sigmund Freud argued that civilization itself is the major source of human unhappiness, inhibiting instincts and generating guilt. In Globalization and its Discontents, Joseph Stiglitz shows how the 'economic architecture' that produced globalization has also driven the backlash against it. This book brings together some of international law's most outspoken 'discontents'; those who situate their malaise in international law itself. Their shared objective is to expose international law's complicity in the ongoing economic and financial global crises and to assess its capacity - and its will - to constructively address them. Some, like Freud, view that which holds us together as an inevitable source of discontent. Others, like Stiglitz, draw on the energy of the backlash. How have these crises affected particular groups, sovereign states, and international law itself? How have they responded? When does crisis serve as a catalyst, and for what?

Download or read book Cosmopolitan Justice and Its Discontents written by Cecilia Bailliet and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmopolitan Justice and its Discontents provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the legal and ethical implications of cosmopolitanism.

Download or read book Popular Education and Its Discontents written by Lawrence Arthur Cremin and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1990 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflects on the problems and achievements of present-day American education in the context of American educational traditions. Discusses the central issues that Americans will have to face in developing educational policies for the 1990s.