Download or read book GHG Emission Benefits and Air Quality Impacts of California Renewable Integration and Electrification written by Siavash Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book GHG Emission Benefits and Air Quality Impacts of California Renewable Integration and Electrification written by Siavash Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long term Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation in California and the Associated Regional Air Quality and Public Health Impacts written by Tianyang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation we investigate the roadmap for California to achieve deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions by 2050 and the resulting regional air quality and public health impacts, form the strategy feasibility and selections that achieves different levels of ambitious climate target, to the benefits and trade-offs of different technology pathways with respect to air quality and public health consequences, as well as the relative contributions of emissions from different origins to regional air quality and public health. We first develop a roadmap for California to achieve net-zero GHG emissions in 2050 using detailed modeling of energy system transformation, cross-sectorial connectivity, and technology applicability. GHG mitigation strategies also reduce co-emitted criteria pollutants in California. By utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and the Environmental Benefit Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), we find that achieving net-zero GHG emissions can reduce 14,066 (95% Confidence Interval: 10,855 - 17,226) air pollution-related mortality in 2050, 35% of which are in disadvantaged communities. The monetized health co-benefit can offset most of the GHG abatement costs (i.e., 26 -116 billion dollars). These co-benefits are mainly contributed by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration reductions, while ambient ozone (O3) concentration in California is not likely to drop when local emissions reduce. The net-zero target also requires bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technology to offset some GHG emissions. BECCS technology, whereas supporting the net-zero target, would emit air pollutants through biomass combustion and reduce health co-benefits by 3 billion dollars, suggesting a potential trade-off between climate benefits and health co-benefits of ambitious climate policies. We then analyze the air quality and health impacts of different GHG mitigation pathways. By adopting an integrated approach that combines energy and emission technology modeling, high-resolution chemical transport simulation, and health impact assessment, we find that achievement of the 80% GHG reduction target would always bring substantial air quality and health co-benefits. But more importantly, the level of co-benefits are highly related to the selected technology pathway largely because of California's relatively clean energy structure. Compared with the business-as-usual levels, a decarbonization pathway that focuses on electrification and clean renewable energy is estimated to reduce concentrations of PM2.5 by 18-37% in four major metropolitan areas of California and subsequently avoid 10,196 (95% CI: 8,169-12,202) premature deaths. In contrast, a pathway focusing more on combustible renewable fuels only results in a quarter of such air quality and health benefits. Similar to what we found before, both GHG mitigation pathways may not reduce ambient O3 concentrations in California. Our findings could also assist the development of optimized technology pathway to simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and improve human health in California. Lastly, we conduct a detailed analysis to understand the relative contributions of local and non-local emission sources to ambient PM2.5 and O3 and evaluate the mortality burden in California associated with these two pollutants. We attribute the ambient PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in California to four emission groups: (1) California in-state anthropogenic emissions; (2) anthropogenic emissions from the western United States, excluding California; (3) natural emissions from the western United States; and (4) all emissions from outside of the western United States. Our health impact analyses find that PM2.5 and O3 are associated with 27,445 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 19,277 - 35,885] and 13,822 (95% CI: 6,106-23,659) mortalities in California in 2012, respectively. Our estimates of O3-assocoated mortality are much higher than previously reported, mainly because we estimate 6,354 (95% CI 2,224 - 10,268) O3-associated cardiovascular mortality based on new epidemiological evidence. Approximately 67% of PM2.5-associated mortality in California is attributable to PM2.5 from in-state anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, 75% of the ambient O3 in California is contributed by distant emissions outside western United States, leading to 92% of O3-associated mortality, while in-state emissions were found to contribute to a much lesser extent to O3-associated mortality [i.e., 771 (95% CI 389-1,146) in ozone season]. The different patterns of PM2.5 and O3 we found also help explain our previous findings that GHG mitigation efforts in California mainly reduce local PM2.5 pollution.

Download or read book Spatially and Temporally Resolved Emissions Impacts of Renewable Energy Integration Into the Electric Grid written by Alicia Tan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to address air quality and greenhouse gas impacts of power generation, the state of California has implemented a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) goal of integrating 33% renewable energy into the grid by 2020. This research considers several renewable energy integration scenarios for the state of California including various mixtures of geothermal, biogas, wind, solar thermal, and photovoltaic energy. Criteria pollutant emissions are spatially and temporally resolved in order to study the impacts of meeting the California's Renewable Electricity Standard. One of the main challenges of increasing renewable penetration is the unpredictable and variable generation profile. Production can be highly dependent on weather, as in the case of wind and solar generation. Sudden changes in weather can cause spikes and dips in power production. These intermittencies in renewable generation must be balanced in order to maintain grid reliability. The renewable energy implementation scenarios address grid reliability by considering various strategies including energy storage, distributed generation, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), and dispatchable peaking and/or load following gas power plants to complement the intermittent renewable energy. Six 33% scenarios (CAISO/CPUC LTPP Trajectory Mix 1, Trajectory Mix 2, Trajectory Mix 3, Environmentally Constrained, Cost Constrained, Time Constrained) are evaluated. Additionally, baseline scenarios are compared to the renewable scenarios.

Download or read book Air Quality Implications of an Energy Scenario for California Using High Levels of Electrification written by Marcus Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality written by Larry E. Erickson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s atmosphere is a common resource. Air quality, along with energy, transportation, and climate change have significant impacts on our lives and this book helps readers understand the changes happening at the nexus of these areas, as they relate to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. Discussing the transitions to electric vehicles, solar and wind energy for electricity generation, battery developments, smart grids and electric power management, and progress in the electrification of agricultural technology, it also provides the latest information in the context of the United Nations sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Features: Includes content on how to improve urban air quality in large cities and urban environments. Effectively addresses the nexus of energy, transportation, air quality, climate change and health. Discusses innovative concepts at the nexus of renewable energy, smart grid, electric vehicles, and electric power management. Describes recent progress in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Written for a wide audience by world experts in sustainability. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission and Improving Air Quality: Two Interrelated Global Challenges, is an invaluable book for professionals and academics at the center of changes relating to solar and wind energy, electric vehicles, and charging infrastructure, including government officials, community leaders, researchers, students, and interested citizens. It is also an excellent text for classes that address sustainability, particularly for those focused on transportation and energy.

Download or read book Emissions Reductions from Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in California Air Quality Management Districts written by Jeremy Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PM2 5 Co benefits of Climate Change Legislation written by Christina Bautista Zapata and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scoping Plan for compliance with California Assembly Bill 32 (Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006; AB 32) proposes a substantial reduction in 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all economic sectors through energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other technological measures. Most of the AB 32 Scoping Plan measures will simultaneously reduce emissions of traditional criteria pollutants along with GHGs leading to a co-benefit of improved air quality in California. The present study quantifies the airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) co-benefits of AB 32 by comparing future air quality under a Business as Usual (BAU) scenario (without AB 32) to AB 32 implementation by sector. AB 32 measures were divided into five levels defined by sector as follows: 1) industrial sources, 2) electric utility and natural gas sources, 3) agricultural sources, 4) on-road mobile sources and 5) other mobile sources. Air quality throughout California was simulated using the UCD source-oriented air quality model during 12 days of severe air pollution and over 108 days of typical meteorology representing an annual average period in the year 2030 (10 years after the AB 32 adoption deadline). The net effect of all AB 32 measures reduced statewide primary PM and NO[subscript x] emissions by ~1% and ~15%, respectively. Air quality simulations predict that these emissions reductions lower population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations (i.e. PM2.5 exposure) by ~6% for California. The South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) experienced the greatest reductions in PM2.5 concentrations due to the AB 32 transportation measures while the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) experiences the smallest reductions or even slight increases in PM2.5 concentrations due to the AB 32 measures that called for increased use of dairy biogas for electricity generation. The ~6% reduction in PM2.5 exposure associated with AB 32 predicted in the current study reduced air pollution mortality in California by 6.2%, avoiding 880 (560-1100) premature deaths per year for the conditions in 2030. The monetary benefit from this avoided mortality was estimated at $5.4B/yr with an efficiency of $35k/tonne ($23k/tonne-$45k/tonne) of PM, NO[subscript x], SO[subscript x], and NH3 emissions reduction.

Download or read book Committee Guidance on Fulfilling California Environmental Quality Act Responsibilities for Greenhouse Gas Impacts in Power Plant Siting Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Building a Climate Change resilient Electricity System for Meeting California s Energy and Environmental Goals written by Brian Tarroja and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book California s Clean Energy Future written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation written by Ottmar Edenhofer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.

Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.

Download or read book Impacts of Distributed Generation on Air Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Impacts Associated with Zero and Near Zero Heavy Duty Vehicles in California written by Alejandra Cervantes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California's transportation and power generation sectors emit more than 50 percent of the state's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The state GHG emission mitigation goals include reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Additionally, to improve air quality throughout the state, aggressive criteria pollutant emission standards have been established for both sectors. Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable fuels is one strategy to meet these environmental goals. Landfills and wastewater treatment plants are a source for the production of alternative fuels like renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen (H2) which could then be used in either sector. To evaluate this strategy, the impact on GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and on air quality resulting from the production and use of RNG in zero or near-zero emission medium-duty vehicles (MDV) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) are analyzed. The research reveals that (1) RNG produced from biogas is the most cost effective strategy to utilize the limited resource of biogas available in California even though H2 is the most attractive fuel, (2) the transportation sector is the more effective sector for the use of RNG fuel, (3) MDV and HDV outfitted with commercially available near-zero emission CNG engines with RNG results in substantial reductions in both GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and significantly improves air quality than the use of H2 in LDV, and (4) the reductions in GHG and criteria pollutant emissions and improvements in air quality exceed those achieved with the MDV and HDV populations envisioned by the State Implementation Plan (SIP).

Download or read book Exploring Economic Impacts in Long term California Energy Scenarios written by David W. Roland-Holst and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Future Low carbon Energy Scenarios on California Criteria Pollutant Emissions Air Pollution and Health written by Christina Bautista Zapata and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California’s goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 80% below 1990 levels by the year 2050 will require adoption of low-carbon energy sources across all economic sectors. The CA-TIMES model is a bottom-up energy-economic cost minimization model that was designed to examine different energy scenarios paths given carbon constraints. Here I have dissected two CA-TIMES scenarios, a business-as-usual (BAU) and a GHG-constrained (GHG-Step) scenario, to enhance understanding of how transforming energy can lead to changes in (Part I) short-lived criteria pollutant emissions and impact (Part II) air pollution, public health, and costs associated with premature mortality. In Part (I) the California REgional Multisector AiR QUality Emissions (CA-REMARQUE) model was developed to estimate criteria pollutant emissions inventories for each CA-TIMES energy scenario. Separate algorithms were developed to estimate criteria pollutant and precursor emissions for all energy sectors. This required the incorporation of literature-based emission profiles of particulate chemical composition and size distribution and gas speciation, and emission rates. Spatially-resolved energy projections were reviewed and gathered for many future and advanced electrification, biofuels, and hydrogen technologies. CA-REMARQUE results indicate an overall decrease in emissions across all sectors given a GHG-Step scenario, but also unexpected increases across in some specific energy sectors. Avoidance of fossil fuel consumption and use of alternative fuels, primarily in the GHG-Step scenario, also modify the composition of reactive organic gas emissions and the size and composition of particulate matter emissions. In Part (II) the UCD/CIT Airshed Lagrangian model was run to simulate annual-average air pollution changes of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. Simulations were conducted for three modelling domains over California: a 576 km2 cell resolution over California, 16 km2 cell resolution over Central Valley, and 16 km2 cell resolution over Southern California. Simulated annual-average PM2.5 and O3 exposure were used to estimate mortality (total deaths per year) and mortality rate (deaths per 100,000) using established exposure-response relationships from air pollution epidemiology. Predicted deaths associated with air pollution in 2050 dropped by 24%–26% in California (1,537–2,758 avoided deaths yr−1) in the 2050 GHG-Step scenario, equivalent to a 54%–56% reduction in the air pollution mortality rate (deaths per 100,000) relative to 2010 levels. These avoided deaths have an estimated value of $11.4B–$20.4B USD per year. Best estimates suggest that meeting an intermediate target (40% reduction in GHG emissions by the year 2030) using a non-optimized scenario would reduce personal income by $4.95B yr−1 (-0.15%) and lower overall state GDP by $16.1B yr−1 (-0.45%). The public health benefits described here are comparable to these cost estimates, making a compelling argument for the adoption of low-carbon energy in California beyond costs associated more directly with climate change.