Download or read book German and American Policies Towards the Baltic States written by Sven Arnswald and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Baltic States And The Great Powers written by David Crowe and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete account of the diplomatic relations and military steps leading to Estonia's, Latvia's, and Lithuania's forcible absorption into the USSR in 1940. David Crowe - making use of recently opened archival sources - traces the Baltic states' relations with the Soviet Union, Germany, Poland, Great Britain, France, and with one another from 1917-1940. He starts with an overview of 1917-1936 and then offers a detailed description of the diplomatic maneuvering that marked Europe's collective slide toward war. Crowe covers the Sudeten and Memel crises involving German communities in 1938, the German-Soviet Pact in August 1939, the mutual assistance pacts between the Baltic states and the USSR, the Baltic German migration, Soviet use of Estonia's military installations during their assault on Finland, and the subsequent Soviet occupation of the Baltic states. The story ends with the election of new, Soviet-sponsored legislatures that sought admission into the USSR as Soviet republics in 1940 - a step that most Western countries never recognized and one that the Baltic states finally reversed when they regained their independence fifty-one years later in August 1991.
Download or read book The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik written by John Hiden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of German economic influence in the Baltic states after World War I.
Download or read book NATO Enlargement and the Baltic States written by Stephen Blank and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATO's enlargement has brought it to the borders of the Baltic states who covet membership in NATO. However, admitting them into NATO is one of the most difficult problems for the Alliance because of Russia's unconditional opposition to such action and because of NATO's own internal divisions on this issue. Nonetheless, a new regime or system of security for the entire Baltic region must now be on the U.S. and European agenda. The key players in such a process are Russia, Germany, and the United States. Their actions will determine the limits of the possible in constructing Baltic security for the foreseeable future. Dr. Stephen Blank presents a detailed and extensive analysis of these three governments' views on Baltic and European security. Their views on regional security are materially shaped by and influence their larger views on their mutual relations and policy towards Europe. Their views also demonstrate the complexity of the issues involved in constructing Baltic, not to mention European, security. But because NATO enlargement is the most serious foreign policy and defense issue before Congress now, such an analysis can illuminate much of what is happening in the NATO enlargement process and why it has taken its current shape.
Download or read book The Baltic States in Peace and War 1917 1945 written by Vytas Stanley Vardys and published by Penn State University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nation building--a striking phenomenon of modern times--was given a significant albeit unsuccessful trial in the Baltic area. Rising to independence from Russian rule and German occupation during World War I, the Baltic states--Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania--were annexed by the Soviet Union during World War II. The rise and fall of these nations reflects the great historical developments of the 20th century including the transformation of Wilsonian idealism into today's harsh realism. Following a historical introduction to the political developments of the Baltic states, this book examines the internal and external aspects of Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian nationhood. Part I depicts the triumph of independence movements. Part II compares the new nations' domestic policies, notably treatment of ethnic minorities and authoritarian responses to economic problems. Part III analyzes the Baltic states' relations with Germany, Great Britain, and the USSR, as well as efforts among some Balts to form a Baltic Union. Part IV examines the events surrounding Soviet annexation of the Baltic nations in 1944, together with the Soviet interpretation of this annexation. Sources for the book are Finnish, German, British, American, and especially Soviet (both Russian and Lithuanian) archives including some hitherto unpublished documents. Many of the book's ideas stem from conferences in the United States and Sweden co-sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, which also helped support this publication.
Download or read book The Baltic Policy of Germany and Current International Relations written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This article analyses the Baltic policy of united Germany from the 1990s until today. The authors set out to identify the significance of German-Baltic relations and the role of the Eastern policy in Russian-German relations. The method of dynamic comparison between the political and economic narrative in intergovernmental relations makes it possible to identify distinctive features of Germany's Baltic policy in the context of current international relations. In particular, it is noted that Germany was most active in the Baltic region in the 1990s, when the country was establishing political, economic, and cultural ties with the new independent states. In the second half of the 1990s, Germany's foreign policy became less intense. After the accession of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to the EU and NATO in 2004, certain disagreements started to arise between Germany and the Baltics. It explains the lukewarm relations between them. The Ukraine events brought about a change in Germany'
Download or read book Politics of Uncertainty written by Una Bergmane and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "30 years after the Soviet collapse this book aims to tackle the interplay between international and domestic dynamics in the Soviet disintegration process. Based on extensive archival research, it investigates the triangular relations between the US government, Baltic independence movements and Moscow during the Perestroika years. Occupied and illegally annexed by the USSR in 1940 Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were the first Soviet republics to push the limits of Perestroika and demand independence from the Soviet Union. The Baltic problem, minor at first glance, started to gain more and more international visibility and by 1990 risked derailing issues that mattered in the eyes of both Soviet and American leaders -- the transformation of the Soviet state and transformation of the European order. Both Washington and Moscow wanted to diffuse the Baltic crisis, but none of them were certain how to do it. The United States had never recognized the annexation of the Baltic states and thus tried to perform a highly challenging balancing act of supporting Baltic independence without jeopardizing their relations with Kremlin. Meanwhile Gorbachev faced an increasingly pressing choice between democratization and preservation of the Soviet empire. In other words this book studies the relations between those at the top of international and domestic power hierarchies with those situated at their margins. It shows how at the time of deep historical change the disruption of existing power structures causes uncertainty that limits the agency of the powerful and opens widows of opportunity for those seen as marginal"--
Download or read book Pax Transatlantica written by Jussi M. Hanhimäki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Pax Transatlantica asserts that the recurrent transatlantic crises that have dominated headlines since the end of the Cold War, while not irrelevant, pale when set against the realities of shared interests and goals. It emphasizes three key factors. First, despite inflammatory and dismissive rhetoric, NATO continues to provide a solid security structure for its member states; an institutional framework of a Pax Transatlantica that has stood the test of time by expanding its remit and scope. Second, in a world concerned with the potential effects of trade wars (especially between the US and China) and the rise of economic nationalism, the transatlantic economic relationship stands apart as the richest, most closely integrated transcontinental economic space on the globe. Third, the book will trace the parallel evolution of domestic politics on both sides of the Atlantic with specific focus on the rise of populism. Rather than a sign of transatlantic 'drift,' the rise of populism - much like the emergence of so-called 'Third Way politics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1990s - is evidence of a closely integrated transatlantic political space. In the end, while it is obvious that the history of the transatlantic relationship - even during the Cold War - was littered with crises, the relationship has endured. Conflicts have illustrated, time and again, the strength of the transatlantic community. The 'West', the book concludes, not only continues to exist. It is likely to thrive in the future"
Download or read book U S Foreign Policy and the Baltic States written by Karin A. Shuey and published by . This book was released on 1996-03-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines U. S. foreign policy toward the Baltic states from 1918 to 1991 to determine if the U.S. has been realistic in its dealings with small nations. An analysis of U.S. policy indicates that the United States acts hypocritically by accepting compromises on the very moral principals to which it claims to be the protectorate of when domestic political costs are high. The sacrifice of national values degrades the credibility of the moral high ground necessary for U.S. policy. This study reviews the events that occurred during the three major periods in U.S.-Baltic relations: The initial period of Baltic independence following World War I; the Soviet annexation of the Baltics during World War II: and finally the beginning of the second period of Baltic independence during the breakup of the Soviet Union. In all three cases U.S. policy was unclear and contradictory. The Baltic case provides a good example of the tendency for U.S. policy to be paradoxical and ineffective. This study concludes that despite the U.S. policy of nonrecognition of the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states during the Cold War, the United States failed to adhere to its principals when given the opportunity. In the process, it also neglected problems within its borders that required attention perhaps more urgently than those outside. The tendency for U.S. policy to ignore the issues that actually threaten its security internally and placing a higher priority on external matters that do not have a real impact on its standing could likely lead to its inadvertent downfall.
Download or read book Estonia Latvia and Lithuania Country Studies written by Walter Iwaskiw and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. This volume is about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Download or read book Germany and the Baltic Problem After the Cold War written by Kristina Spohr Readman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions how a unified Germany will use its great power status Draws on numerous confidential interviews with key political actors and on unprecedented access to still classified material
Download or read book Great Power Policies Towards Central Europe 1914 1945 written by Aliaksandr Piahanau and published by E-International Relations. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the various forms and trajectories of Great Power policy towards Central Europe between 1914 and 1945. This involves the analyses of diplomatic, military, economic and cultural perspectives of Germany, Russia, Britain, and the USA towards Hungary, Poland, the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia and Romania. The contributions of established, as well as emerging, historians from different parts of Europe enriches the English language scholarship on the history of the international relations of the region. The volume is designed to be accessible and informative to both historians and wider audiences. Contributors: Sorin Arhire, Ivan Basenko, Agne Cepinskyte, Oleg Ken, Tamás Magyarics, Halina Parafianowicz, Alexander Rupasov, Ignác Romsics and Artem Zorin.
Download or read book A History of the Baltic States written by Andres Kasekamp and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this key textbook, Andres Kasekamp masterfully traces the development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, from the northern crusades against Europe's last pagans and Lithuania's rise to become one of medieval Europe's largest states, to their incorporation into the Russian Empire and the creation of their modern national identities. Employing a comparative approach, a particular emphasis is placed upon the last one hundred years, during which the Baltic states achieved independence, endured occupation by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and transformed themselves into members of the European Union. This is an essential textbook for undergraduate students taking modules on Eastern or Central European History, Communism and Post-Communism, the Soviet Union, or Baltic Culture and Politics. Engaging and accessible, this is also an ideal introduction to the Baltic States for general readers.
Download or read book The German Campaign in Russia written by George E. Blau and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Baltic States written by Atis Lejins and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Decision to Halt at the Elbe written by Forrest C. Pogue and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Joining Hitler s Crusade written by David Stahel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground-breaking study that looks at why European nations sent troops to take part in Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
