Download or read book Geophysical Investigation of Arctic Ice Pack written by Henry W. Kutschale and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were made on shallow-water sound propagation on the Arctic continental shelf. The waves were successfully interpreted in terms of normal-mode theory for an ice-water-sediment acoustic system. Current measurements made on Station Alpha in the central Arctic Ocean show a clockwise spiral which is not as pronounced as the Ekman spiral for homogeneous water. (Author).
Download or read book On Sea Ice written by Willy Weeks and published by University of Alaska Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.
Download or read book Sea Ice written by David N. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet’s surface, is a major component of the world’s oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is an extremely valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems. Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of the earth. The book’s editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. Sea Ice is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies on their shelves. David Thomas is at the School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. Gerhard Dieckmann is at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Download or read book An Investigation of the Arctic Sea Ice Surface written by Melinda A. Webster and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oldest records of the Arctic sea ice pack illustrate a frozen, yet dynamic icescape composed of hummocks and weathered ridges draped in thick snow. In recent decades, the effects of climate change have transformed this image: the Arctic sea ice pack is younger, thinner, and more dynamic. As a result, the properties of its surface are changing and impacting its ice mass balance. This work investigates the recent geophysical changes of the Arctic sea ice surface, giving emphasis to snow, melt ponds, and sea ice surface topography through the three following papers: (1) interdecadal changes in spring snow depth, (2) seasonal evolution of melt ponds, and (3) the spatial scaling of melt pond distributions. In the first analysis, recent in situ and airborne observations were used to extend the snow climatology to the contemporary period. Through this, we were able to identify the interdecadal change in spring snow depth distributions, and found that snow has thinned by 37 ± 29% in the western Arctic and 56 ± 33% in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. The decrease was attributed to later autumnal sea ice formation. During the peak snowfall period in autumn, snow falls into the ocean and melts due to the absence of sea ice. In the second analysis, an algorithm was developed for identifying melt ponds in high-resolution satellite images of a Lagrangian site. The site was composed mixed sea ice types, allowing for a comparison of seasonal melt pond evolution between first-year and multiyear sea ice undergoing the same forcings. Surprisingly, melt ponds formed three weeks earlier on multiyear sea ice than first-year sea ice. Nearly half of the snow on the multiyear sea ice was optically-thin, which likely contributed to early melt pond formation. The uniformity in melt pond formation, drainage, and distribution was inversely proportional to the level of sea ice deformation; melt pond uniformity increased with decreasing sea ice deformation. The third analysis investigated the spatial scaling of melt pond distributions at two sites with homogenous (undeformed first-year) and heterogeneous (mixed deformation and age) sea ice. The relationship between small-scale variability in melt pond geometries and aggregate-scale estimates of melt pond fractions was examined. The results revealed that: (1) melt pond geometry is most variable before melt pond drainage at the heterogeneous site, but after melt pond drainage at the homogenous site, (2) aggregate-scale estimates of melt pond fractions in homogenous and heterogeneous sea ice sites are larger than previously recognized, ranging from ~70 km2 to ~480 km2, and (3) aggregate-scale estimates of melt pond fractions may be dependent on the composition of sea ice types and stage of melt pond evolution.
Download or read book Sea Ice written by David N. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.
Download or read book Sea Ice in the Arctic written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth information about the sea ice in the Arctic at scales from paleoenvironmental variability to more contemporary changes during the past and present centuries. The book is based on several decades of research related to sea ice in the Arctic and its variability, sea ice process studies as well as implications of the sea ice variability on human activities. The chapters provide an extensive overview of the research results related to sea ice in the Arctic at paleo-scales to more resent scales of variations as well as projections for changes during the 21st century. The authors have pioneered the satellite remote sensing monitoring of sea ice and used other monitoring data in order to study, monitor and model sea ice and its processes.
Download or read book Field Techniques for Sea Ice Research written by Hajo Eicken and published by University of Alaska Press. This book was released on 2010-03-15 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As much as one-tenth of the world’s oceans are covered with sea ice, or frozen ocean water, at some point during the annual cycle. Sea ice thus plays an important, often defining, role in the natural environment and the global climate system. This book is a global look at the changes in sea ice and the tools and techniques used to measure and record those changes. The first comprehensive research done on sea-ice field techniques, this volume will be indispensable for the study of northern sea ice and a must-have for scientists in the field of climate change research.
Download or read book The Geophysics of Sea Ice written by Norbert Untersteiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Download or read book Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands written by Luke Copland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of Arctic ice shelves, ice islands and related features. Ice shelves are permanent areas of ice which float on the ocean surface while attached to the coast, and typically occur in very cold environments where perennial sea ice builds up to great thickness, and/or where glaciers flow off the land and are preserved on the ocean surface. These landscape features are relatively poorly studied in the Arctic, yet they are potentially highly sensitive indicators of climate change because they respond to changes in atmospheric, oceanic and glaciological conditions. Recent fracturing and breakup events of ice shelves in the Canadian High Arctic have attracted significant scientific and public attention, and produced large ice islands which may pose a risk to Arctic shipping and offshore infrastructure. Much has been published about Antarctic ice shelves, but to date there has not been a dedicated book about Arctic ice shelves or ice islands. This book fills that gap.
Download or read book Geophysical Research Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 1378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical and Dynamic Properties of Sea Ice in the Polar Oceans written by Anthony Jack Gow and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph addressing the physical and dynamic characteristics of sea ice covering the polar oceans.
Download or read book A Farewell to Ice written by P. Wadhams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sobering but important and enlightening book, A Farewell to Ice moves smoothly through explanations ice's role on our planet, its history, and the current global crisis that is climate change, finally offering tangible efforts readers can make as citizens, which are particularly relevant in the face of reluctant government powers.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arctic Research of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book US IGY Drifting Station Alpha Arctic Ocean 1957 1958 written by Gerry H. Cabaniss and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Drift of Sea Ice written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamental laws of sea ice drift, as derived from the material properties of sea ice, the basic laws of mechanics, and the latest modeling techniques. Topics covered include the science of sea ice drift, forecasting velocity based on volume, size and shape, sea ice ridging and remote sensing, modelling of ice conditions, and the role of sea ice drift in oceanography, marine ecology and engineering.
Download or read book Geophysical and Oceanographic Research in the Arctic Ocean written by Kenneth Hunkins and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of stations on drifting pack ice for geophysical and oceanographic studies of the Arctic Ocean proved highly successful. The investigations by Lamont Geological Observatory from Drifting Stations Alpha, Bravo and Charlie provided new information about the environment of the Arctic Ocean. A prominent topographic feature, the Alpha Rise, was delineated and mapped from Station Alpha. The floor of the Arctic Ocean was observed directly for the first time in submarine bottom photographs. Unique deposits of gravel were found on the ocean floor and found to have been ice-rafted from a glacial shore area. Acoustic wave propagation in the ice revealed large seasonal changes in velocity. The Chukchi Rise was delineated in detail with fathograms produced by a precision depth recorder on Station Charlie. Long range deep-water underwater sound transmission was also observed from this station and the results interpreted in terms of normal mode theory. Finally, at Station Bravo, shallow-water underwater sound transmission was observed and found to agree with theory for normal modes propagating in an ice-water-sediment system. (Author).
