Download or read book Geographical Patterns in the Distribution of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Outbreaks of Fatal Chytridiomycosis in European Amphibian Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Patterns in the Distribution of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Outbreaks of Fatal Chytridiomycosis in European Amphibian Properties written by Susan Frances Walker and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prevalence and Geographic Patterns of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Texas written by Andrea Villamizar Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 50 years, amphibian populations have undergone dramatic declines worldwide. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the causes for the decline of these populations. Contributing factors include habitat loss, shifts in temperature and rainfall patterns, changes in UV-B, and contamination through anthropogenic activities, and Emergent Infectious Diseases. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious pathogen, known to be causing declines of amphibians across the globe and threatening overall ecosystem health. While chytridiomycosis in North American amphibians has attracted interest from researchers, the prevalence of this pathogen in Texas remains largely unexplored. To address this deficit, I collected samples during one year from five Wildlife Management Areas across a gradient precipitation. These results suggest that community composition, and differences in environmental conditions affect the prevalence of Bd in an area, suggesting that areas with higher species richness and higher annual precipitation have increased pathogen prevalence. Then, to understand Bd prevalence in time and its historic distribution in Texas, I examined the temporal range of the pathogen's prevalence, using museum collection specimens dating from 1930 up to 2010. The earliest detection of Bd in Texas was confirmed to be in 1936, suggesting that this pathogen is enzootic to the region. We also determined two pathogen hotspot areas in Central and East Texas. With this study, we provide an updated assessment of the prevalence of the historic and current distribution of Bd among species as well as across the landscape of Texas. It may also reveal species that are not susceptible to the pathogen where their presence can help mitigate the spread of this disease and could aid in the conservation efforts for endangered species.
Download or read book Ranaviruses written by Matthew J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on ranaviruses. Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in amphibians, reptiles, and fish. They have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most imperiled vertebrate taxa in the world, ranaviruses can have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Additionally, many fish that are raised in aquaculture facilities and traded internationally are suitable hosts; thus, the potential economic impact of ranaviruses is significant. Ranaviruses also serve as a model for replication and gene function of large double-stranded DNA viruses. There is an urgent need to assemble the contemporary information on ranaviruses and provide guidance on how to assess their threats in populations. Through the Global Ranavirus Consortium, 24 experts from six countries were organize to write this volume, the first book on ranaviruses. The book begins with a discussion on the global extent of ranaviruses, case histories of infection and disease in ectothermic vertebrates, and current phylogeny. Basic principles of ranavirus ecology and evolution are covered next, with a focus on host-pathogen interactions and how the virus emerges in its environment. There are two chapters that will discuss the molecular biology of ranaviruses, host response to infection, and the genes responsible for immune system evasion. One chapter establishes standards for testing for infection and diagnosing ranaviral disease. The book ends by providing guidance on how to design ranavirus surveillance studies and analyze data to determine risk, and discussing the role of the Global Ranavirus Consortium in organizing research and outreach activities.
Download or read book Amphibian conservation action plan proceedings IUCN SSC Amphibian Conservation Summit 2005 written by and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geographic Distribution of Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Ranavirus Spp in Amphibians in Northern Peninsular and Panhandle Florida written by Sarah Reintjes-Tolen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian species across the globe have been experiencing population declines. There are a number of factors attributed to these declines, including habitat destruction, increased ultraviolet radiation, pollution, and introduced diseases. However, one of the most potentially devastating of these factors has been the emergence of two pathogens, chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus spp. Determining the distribution of these pathogens is important as it is unknown what kind of impact these pathogens are capable of having on frog populations. In this study, I attempt to document the presence and geographic distribution of two pathogens, B. dendrobatidis and Ranavirus spp., in northern peninsular and panhandle Florida. During March through May of 2011 and February and March of 2012, I surveyed seven sites in northern peninsular and panhandle Florida. After surveying a total of 32 ponds, B. dendrobatidis was detected in two of32 ponds surveyed, one in Camp Blanding Military Reserve and one in Osceola National Forest. Ranavirus spp. was detected in one pond in Gold Head Branch State Park. Additionally, a Ranavirus spp. mortality event was discovered at Pebble Lake in Gold Head Branch State Park. This initial survey of these two amphibian diseases will illustrate the geographic distribution of these pathogens, enabling researchers to track the spread of these diseases and assess which populations of amphibians are most at risk.
Download or read book Emerging Infectious Disease in Lentic Environments written by Tara Chestnut and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems are accelerating at a global scale and the most threatened vertebrate taxa are those associated with freshwater habitats. The causes of biodiversity losses are often complex and include synergistic effects of natural and human-induced stressors, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization, invasive species, contaminants, global climate change, and emerging infectious diseases. In the last 35 years, the amphibian extinction rate has been estimated to exceed 105 times the baseline expected rate for all species and in the USA, the number of occupied amphibian sites has been reported to be declining by 3.7% per year. Among the many threats to amphibians, the role of disease in population declines has been recognized increasingly over the last two decades. Numerous amphibian diseases have been identified and attributed to mass mortality events. Chytridiomycosis, the emerging infectious disease caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is implicated as a causal agent in many recent global amphibian population declines and extinctions. To understand the pathology and conservation implications of Bd, a greater understanding of its ecology, life history, and distribution in the wild is of paramount importance. Although it has an impact on the persistence of selected amphibian populations around the world, the full scope of the effects of chytridiomycosis on global amphibian population declines are not well understood. Most Bd research efforts have focused on Bd in amphibian hosts per se, with little attention to understand the environmental associations and dynamics of free-living Bd outside of the amphibian host. In particular, information on Bd responses to climatic variation outside of hosts is a research gap. Furthermore, as a microorganism within an aquatic environment, studies are lacking of potential water quality associations, how Bd may interact with other members of their biological communities, and how Bd responses to chemical contaminants found in aquatic environments. My research begins to fill these gaps by studying the basic ecology of free-living Bd in field settings, and investigating factors that may influence its distribution at a landscape scale, occurrence at a regional scale, and detection at a site scale. Herein, I describe spatial and temporal patterns in the detection and density of free-living Bd in aquatic habitats in two different geographic regions of the United States, Alaska (Chapter 2) and Oregon (Chapter 3). The Alaska work examines Bd ecology at the northernmost extent of amphibian occurrence in North America, where climate associations may be particularly relevant and where Bd occurrence may be representative of one of the most novel pathogen-host systems in the world. I also describe (Chapter 2) experimental results of Bd and amphibian response to extreme cold temperatures they may experience in continental settings, at high elevations, and at high latitudes. My Oregon studies (Chapter 3) focus on multivariate associations of free-living Bd occurrences with a suite of aquatic environmental factors, both abiotic and biotic in nature. In Chapter 4, I describe how amphibians and Bd respond to agricultural chemicals (fungicides) that they may be exposed to in field settings. These results are specific to Bd, but might also warrant consideration as fungicidal treatments for a newly described chytrid affecting salamanders; both of these amphibian chytrids have been detected in captive animals and solutions to treat trade animals for the pathogen are gaining relevancy. Finally, in Chapter 5, I reflect upon the journey of conservation biologists and herpetologists for 25 years of amphibian decline research, with global losses becoming widely recognized in 1989. In this context, my research significantly advances understanding of the geographic distribution and ecology of one potential threat factor to amphibian populations on Earth, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The factors that I report to both promote or limit free-living Bd distribution and abundance will further inform pathogen dynamics research.
Download or read book Wildlife Disease Ecology written by Kenneth Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces readers to key case studies that illustrate how theory and data can be integrated to understand wildlife disease ecology.
Download or read book Declines and Disappearances of Australian Frogs written by Alastair Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: of possible causal factors; the need to support research into new areas - particularly disease as a potentially major factor influencing global declines; the need to support strategic research and to develop protocols to address this issue; and the need to support research on fluctuating asymmetry as a possible early warning tool for predicting declines. They also requested that the workshop proceedings be published; that a brochure on declining frogs be prepared; that a web site to provide up to date information about declining frog issues be established and that a national but restricted internet discussion group on frogs should be established.y, it
Download or read book Harmful Cyanobacteria written by Jef Huisman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outstanding volume provides an up-to-date overview of the advances in our knowledge of harmful cyanobacteria. An essential reference for all scientists and environmental professionals interested in cyanobacterial ecology and water management.
Download or read book Amphibian Declines written by Michael J. Lannoo and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-06-15 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents in comprehensive detail a major environmental crisis: rapidly declining amphibian populations and the disturbing developmental problems that are increasingly prevalent within many amphibian species.
Download or read book The Fungi written by Michael J. Carlile and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-09 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of The Fungi provides a comprehensive introduction to the importance of fungi in the natural world and in practical applications, from a microbiological perspective.
Download or read book Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles written by Alessandro Catenazzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes all 14 articles contributed to the Special Issue "Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles” in the journal Diversity, originally published in 2019 and 2020.
Download or read book Persistence and Prevalence of the Enzootic Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Relation to Amphibian Population Decline in Panama written by Vanessa L. Kilburn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife in a Changing World written by Jean-Christophe Vié and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wildlife in a Changing World" presents an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Beginning with an explanation of the IUCN Red List as a key conservation tool, it goes on to discuss the state of the world s species and provides the latest information on the patterns of species facing extinction in some of the most important ecosystems in the world, highlighting the reasons behind their declining status. Areas of focus in the report include: freshwater biodiversity, the status of the world s marine species, species susceptibility to climate change impacts, the Mediterranean biodiversity hot spot, and broadening the coverage of biodiversity assessments."
Download or read book Threatened Amphibians of the World written by S. N. Stuart and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, but getting to the facts has been difficult. "Threatened Amphibians of the World" is a visual journey through the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 6,000 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. All 1,900 species known to be threatened with extinction are covered, including a description of threats to each species and an evaluation of conservation measures in place or needed. Each entry includes a photograph or illustration of the species where available, a distribution map, and detailed information on range, population and habitat and ecology. Introductory chapters present a detailed analysis of the results, complemented by a series of short essays written by many of the world's leading herpetologists. Appendices include annoted lists of lower risk species and a country-by-country listing of threatened amphibians."--pub. desc.
Download or read book Occurrence and Prevalence of Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Amphibian Species of Alberta written by Scott D. Stevens and published by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To present the most complete picture of the distribution and occurrence of Bd in Alberta, the authors included data from the four sites surveyed in the 2006 pilot study with data from the broader studies conducted from 2007-2010. They compared the number of amphibians collected and the number of batches tested at Bd-positive and Bd-negative sites using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Two-tailed chi-square tests using GraphPad Software were used to compare the proportion of Bd-positive sites (occurrence) and batches (prevalence) among species and drainage basins.--Document.
