Download or read book Genomic Imprinting and Kinship written by David Haig and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic imprinting allows scientists to trace genes to the parent of origin. This volume presents a collection of 13 papers by David Haig (organisimic and evolutionary biology, Harvard U.) on genomic imprinting. He argues that our paternally and maternally active genes do not work in cooperation with each other and in fact are in competition. Each paper is followed by commentary by the author, providing background information and discussing developments since its publication. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Evolutionary Analyses of Genomic Imprinting and Other regarding Motivations written by Jeremy Van Cleve and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic and Evolutionary Studies on Imprinted Genes and Human Behavior with Special Reference to Prader Willi Syndrome written by Iiro Salminen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic imprinting may have evolved due to an evolutionary conflict between alleles of different parental origin, carried by the mother and her offspring, which may be differently related to one's kin. Thus, genomic imprinting may be expected to highlight genes affecting regulatory mechanisms of behavior that may alter the distribution of maternal resources among offspring. The altered behavioral phenotypes shown in neurodevelopmental disorders that involve a lack of expression for one or several imprinted genes, may be further interpreted to represent extreme and dysfunctional phenotypes of human behavior. I have applied the kinship model for evolution of genomic imprinting to relevant literature on neurodevelopmental syndromes of genomic imprinting to address two questions central to understanding how genes interact with neural systems and regulate human behavior. Firstly, I propose how the evolution of genomic imprinting may be reflected in the behavioral phenotypes of the Prader-Willi- and Angelman syndromes (PWS and AS). Secondly, I ask if genetic variation of imprinted genes circulating in typical human populations might also affect non-clinical variation in human behaviors that may be partially co-regulated by imprinted genes. In chapter 2, I show that genetic variation for the maternally expressed UBE3A which is affected in both AS and PWS may also affect non-clinical variation in phenotypes of schizotypy among typically developing individuals. In chapter 3, I review evidence from relevant literature and evaluate whether phenotypes of sleep and eating in PWS and AS may be partly opposite to one another and propose hypotheses on how evolution of genomic imprinting may be reflected in the neural and behavioral phenotypes of AS and PWS. In chapter 4, I show that genetic variation of the paternally expressed SNORD116 gene, which shows a lack of expression in PWS, may also affect non-clinical variation in schizotypy among typically developing females. Finally, in chapter 5, I show that non-clinical variation in phenotypes of depression, schizotypy, autism spectrum cognition, social anxiety, sleep problems and emotional eating show significant co-variation in a population of typical individuals. The pattern of co-variation shown may reflect influences of genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in hypothalamic neural pathways, which have been shown to jointly alter the phenotypes of sleep, feeding and behavior. Behavioral phenotypes which are co-regulated by hypothalamic pathways may also be affected by variation of imprinted genes as several paternally expressed imprinted genes have also been shown to exert effects on hypothalamic pathways. In summary, I show that paternally and maternally expressed imprinted genes may exert partly opposite effects on human behaviors that may alter phenotypes affecting the distribution of maternal resources among offspring. These behavioral alterations may further reveal genetic and neural mechanisms affecting human behaviors and may thus hold further implications for mental health and well-being both in clinical settings and among healthy individuals.
Download or read book Genomic Imprinting written by R. Ohlsson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-12-14 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This significant new publication on genomic or parental imprinting has been prepared by an outstanding team of international authorities. Genomic imprinting results in the preferential expression of one allele, depending on the parent of origin. It is associated with several disease syndromes in humans. Interest in this area has expanded rapidly from the time when it was first recognised that some important hereditary characterisitics were not adequately explained by the Mendelian laws of inheritance. The chapters cover a wealth of material to help explain not only the mechanisms of genomic imprinting but its biological and medical consequences.
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Chromosomes Today written by Ettore Olmo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-05-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromosomes Today, Volume 13 includes the plenary lectures presented at the 13th International Chromosome Conference, covering the most recent advances in the studies on chromosomes. The contributions in this volume were presented by some of the world's leaders in cytogenetic and molecular research and outline the present status of knowledge on the composition, structure, function and evolution of chromosomes, including, among others, the advancement of the human genome project. The use of cytogenetic studies has greatly increased in the last few years, resulting in a progressive improvement in the available methods that has consequently allowed a more detailed analysis of the molecular organization of eukaryotic chromosomes and a precise in situ localisation of specific gene sequences. This volume of Chromosomes Today provides up-to-date information regarding the topics at the forefront of chromosome research: genetic regulation, imprinting, DNA duplication, meiotic pairing, and the regulation of the...
Download or read book Risky Relations written by Katie Featherstone and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly more conditions are now being identified as having a genetic component, and controversial new genetic technologies potentially have major consequences for social relations and self-identity. How do family members respond to the information that they have a genetically transmitted disease or condition? How do they communicate (or not communicate) about their shared heritage? How do they decide who to tell and who not to tell within their family? Richly illustrated with the real experiences of individuals and families, Risky Relations is essential reading for anthropologists and sociologists of health and medicine, specialists in family and kinship, and health professionals concerned with the treatment and counselling of clients with genetic conditions. The lived impact of genetic technology on understanding within families with genetic conditions has never been systematically explored. This book fills a major gap by placing ethical, medical and social debates surrounding this charged issue firmly in context.
Download or read book Genes in Conflict written by Austin BURT and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all species from yeast to humans, this is the first book to tell the story of selfish genetic elements that act narrowly to advance their own replication at the expense of the larger organism.
Download or read book The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming written by Graham J. Burton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental programming is a rapidly advancing discipline of great importance to basic scientists and health professionals alike. This text integrates, for the first time, contributions from world experts to explore the role of the placenta in developmental programming. The book considers the materno-fetal supply line, and how perturbations of placental development impact on its functional capacity. Chapters examine ways in which environmental, immunological and vascular insults regulate expression of conventional and imprinted genes, along with their impact on placental shape and size, transport, metabolism and endocrine function. Research in animal models is integrated with human clinical and epidemiological data, and questions for future research are identified. Transcripts of discussions between the authors allow readers to engage with controversial issues. Essential reading for researchers in placental biology and developmental programming, as well as specialists and trainees in the wider field of reproductive medicine.
Download or read book Sperm Wars written by Robin Baker and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic work on the rules of sex -- updated for a new generation -- is still as provocative as the day it was published, providing simple explanations for any and all questions about what happens in the bedroom. Sex isn't as complicated as we make it. In Sperm Wars, evolutionary biologist Robin Baker argues that every question about human sexuality can be explained by one simple thing: sperm warfare. In the interest of promoting competition between sperm to fertilize the same egg, evolution has built men to conquer and monopolize women while women are built to seek the best genetic input on offer from potential sexual partners. Baker reveals, through a series of provocative fictional scene, the far-reaching implications of sperm competition. 10% of children are not fathered by their "fathers;" over 99% of a man's sperm exists simply to fight off all other men's sperm; and a woman is far more likely to conceive through a casual fling than through sex with her regular partner. From infidelity, to homosexuality, to the female orgasm, Sperm Wars turns on every light in the bedroom. Now with new material reflecting the latest research on sperm warfare, this milestone of popular science will still surprise, entertain, and even shock.
Download or read book Agents and Goals in Evolution written by Samir Okasha and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samir Okasha approaches evolutionary biology from a philosophical perspective in Agents and Goals in Evolution, analysing a mode of thinking in biology called agential thinking. He considers how the paradigm case involves treating an evolved organism as if it were an agent pursuing a goal, such as survival or reproduction, and seeing its phenotypic traits as strategies for achieving that goal or furthering its biological interests. As agential thinking deliberately transposes a set of concepts--goals, interests, strategies--from rational human agents and to the biological world more generally, Okasha's enquiry firstly looks at the justification for this: is it mere anthropomorphism, or does it play a genuine intellectual role in the science? From this central question, key points are considered such as: how do we identify the 'goal' that evolved organisms will behave as if they are trying to achieve? Can agential thinking ever be applied to groups rather than to individual organisms? And how does agential thinking relate to the controversies over fitness-maximization in evolutionary biology? In addition, Okasha examines the relation between the adaptive and the rational by considering whether organisms can validly be treated as agent-like. Should we expect their evolved behaviour to correspond with that of rational agents as codified in the theory of rational choice? If so, does this mean that the fitness-maximizing paradigm of the evolutionary biologist can be mapped directly to the utility-maximizing paradigm of the rational choice theorist? All of these important questions are engagingly raised and discussed at length.
Download or read book Family Relationships written by Catherine A. Salmon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinship ties-the close relationships found within the family-have been a central focus of evolutionary biological analyses of social behavior ever since biologist William Hamilton extended the concept of Darwinian fitness to include an individual's actions benefiting not only his own offspring, but also collateral kin. Evolutionary biologists consider organisms not only reproductive strategists, but also nepotistic strategists. If a person's genes are just as likely to be reproduced in her sister as in her daughter, then we should expect the evolution of sororal investment in the same way as one expects maternal investment. This concept has revolutionized biologists' understanding of social interaction and developmental psychologists' understanding of the family. However, kinship ties have largely been ignored in other areas of psychology, particularly social psychology. Family Relationships brings together leading theorists and researchers from evolutionary psychology and related disciplines to illustrate the ways in which an evolutionary perspective can inform our study and understanding of family relationships. The contributors argue that family psychology is relationship specific: the relationship between mother and daughter is different from that between father and daughter or that between brother and sister or sister and sister. In other words, humans have evolved specialized mechanisms for processing information and motivating behavior that deal with the distinct demands of being a mate, father, mother, sibling, child, or grandparent. Such an evolutionary perspective on family dynamics provides a unique insight into human behavior. This volume will be an indispensable resource for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists, as well scholars of family, marriage, and animal behavior.
Download or read book The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in Advances in Genetics covers the genetics of Circadian rhythms. With an international group of authors this volume is the latest offering in this widely praised series.
Download or read book Darwinian Politics written by Paul H. Rubin and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of political behaviour from a modern evolutionary perspective. Paul H. Rubin discusses group or social behaviour, including: ethnic and racial conflict; altruism and co-operation; envy; political power; and the role of religion in politics.
Download or read book The Social Evolution of Human Nature written by Harry Smit and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harry Smit examines the elements of current evolutionary theory and how they bear on the evolution of the human mind.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Social Insects written by Christopher K. Starr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multi-author treatise on the social insects of the world, with some auxiliary attention to such adjacent topics as subsocial insects and social arachnids. The work is to serve as a very convenient, yet authoritative reference work on the biology and systematics of social insects of the world. This is a project of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI), the worldwide organizing body for the scientific study of social insects.
Download or read book The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy written by B. Anne Croy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy is the first publication to cover the mouse placenta or the angiogenic tree the mother develops to support the placenta. This much-needed resource covers monitoring of the cardiovascular system, gestational programming of chronic adult disease, epigenetic regulation, gene imprinting, and stem cells. Offering detailed and integrated information on how drugs, biologics, stress, and manipulations impact pregnancy in the mouse model, this reference highlights techniques used to analyze mouse pregnancy. Joining the ranks of much referenced mouse resources, The Guide to Investigation of Mouse Pregnancy is the only manual providing needed content on pregnancy in animal models for translational medicine and research. Provides instruction on how to collect pre-clinical data on pregnancy in mouse models for eventual use in human applications Describes the angiogenic tree the mother’s uterus develops to support pregnancy and the monitoring of pregnancy-induced cardiovascular changes Educates readers on placental cell lineages, decidual development including immune cells, epigenetic regulation, gene imprinting, stem cells, birth and lactation Discusses how stress, environmental toxicants and other manipulations impact upon placental function and pregnancy success
