Download or read book Genetics Evolution and Biological Control written by Lester E. Ehler and published by CABI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Begun from the keynote addresses at the third International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) Symposium, this book discusses new issues for each of the major approaches in applied biological control. These include the use of molecular genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical biological control; the potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents in augmentative biological control; and the compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies in conservational biological control.
Download or read book Biological Control written by George E. Heimpel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enhances our understanding of biological control, integrating historical analysis, theoretical models and case studies in an ecological framework.
Download or read book Applications of Genetics to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance written by Sudhir Karl Narang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the fields of insect pest genetics, the genetics of biological control organisms, and the application of biological control, this book provides the first up-to-date summary of the genetic literature on the genetics of arthropod biological control agents. It identifies successful programs and also gaps and needs in research, research constraints, and possible research approaches in this important field of pest control. The power and applicability of new genetic and molecular biology methods have created new and exciting possibilities to greatly improve the effectiveness of traditional biological control programs. This book provides essential information about the state-of-the-art application of these new methods. It explains how biological control procedures can be improved, covers methods for selecting pesticide-resistant strains of natural enemies, and looks at methods for maintaining genetic diversity and quality control during the rearing of biological control agents in the laboratory. The book also provides information regarding the application of powerful PCR methods for taxonomic identification of strains and species of biocontrol agents.
Download or read book Genetics Evolution and Biological Control written by Lester E. Ehler and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. This book has been developed from the keynote addresses delivered at the third IOBC International Symposium (co-organized with CILBA) that was held in Montpellier in October 2002, to address recent developments in genetics and evolutionary biology as applied to biological control. Chapters are organized around the following themes: Genetic structure of pest and natural enemy populations Molecular diagnostic tools in biological control Tracing the origin of pests and natural enemies Predicting evolutionary change in pests and natural enemies Compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies Genetic manipulation of natural enemies. The authors identify new issues for each of the major approaches in applied biological control. These include the (1) use of molecular genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical biological control, (2) potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents in augmentative biological control, and (3) compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies in conservational biological control.
Download or read book Genetics Evolution and Biodiversity written by John Adds and published by Nelson Thornes. This book was released on 2004 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised edition of the highly successful Nelson Advanced Science Biology series for A Level Biology and Human Biology - Genetics, Evolution and Biodiversity provides full content coverage of Unit 5 of the AS and A2 specifications.
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens written by Robert S. Fritz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-07-15 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far from being passive elements in the landscape, plants have developed many sophisticated chemical and mechanical means of deterring organisms that seek to prey on them. This volume draws together research from ecology, evolution, agronomy, and plant pathology to produce an ecological genetics perspective on plant resistance in both natural and agricultural systems. By emphasizing the ecological and evolutionary basis of resistance, the book makes an important contribution to the study of how phytophages and plants coevolve. Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens not only reviews the literature pertaining to plant resistance from a number of traditionally separate fields but also examines significant questions that will drive future research. Among the topics explored are selection for resistance in plants and for virulence in phytophages; methods for studying natural variation in plant resistance; the factors that maintain intraspecific variation in resistance; and the ecological consequences of within-population genetic variation for herbivorous insects and fungal pathogens. "A comprehensive review of the theory and information on a large, rapidly growing, and important subject."—Douglas J. Futuyma, State University of New York, Stony Brook
Download or read book Genetics of Adaptation written by Rodney Mauricio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-20 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized "many slight differences" as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by "Mendelian geneticists", who emphasized the importance of "macromutations" in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits.
Download or read book Genomic Control Process written by Isabelle S. Peter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic Control Process explores the biological phenomena around genomic regulatory systems that control and shape animal development processes, and which determine the nature of evolutionary processes that affect body plan. Unifying and simplifying the descriptions of development and evolution by focusing on the causality in these processes, it provides a comprehensive method of considering genomic control across diverse biological processes. This book is essential for graduate researchers in genomics, systems biology and molecular biology seeking to understand deep biological processes which regulate the structure of animals during development. Covers a vast area of current biological research to produce a genome oriented regulatory bioscience of animal life Places gene regulation, embryonic and postembryonic development, and evolution of the body plan in a unified conceptual framework Provides the conceptual keys to interpret a broad developmental and evolutionary landscape with precise experimental illustrations drawn from contemporary literature Includes a range of material, from developmental phenomenology to quantitative and logic models, from phylogenetics to the molecular biology of gene regulation, from animal models of all kinds to evidence of every relevant type Demonstrates the causal power of system-level understanding of genomic control process Conceptually organizes a constellation of complex and diverse biological phenomena Investigates fundamental developmental control system logic in diverse circumstances and expresses these in conceptual models Explores mechanistic evolutionary processes, illuminating the evolutionary consequences of developmental control systems as they are encoded in the genome
Download or read book Population Genetics in Biological Control written by Jeremy Catalin Andersen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation I expand upon our knowledge in regards to the utility of population genetic approaches to be used for the study of the evolution of introduced biological control agents and their target pests. If biological control methods are to provide sustainable pest management services then more long-term studies will be necessary, and these studies should also include the use of population genetic approaches. For existing biological control programs, post-release population genetic studies could be initiated using museum voucher specimens for baseline data. In Chapter 2, I explored what factors influence our ability to extract usable genomic material from dried museum specimens, and whether we could use non-destructive techniques for parasitic hymenoptera. I found that the age of the specimen was the most important determinant for the amplification of PCR products, with nuclear loci having a higher probability of amplification from older specimens than mitochondrial loci. With these sequence results I was able to differentiate voucher specimens of different strains of the biological control agent Trioxys pallidus and I was able to confirm the identification of an unknown parasitoid reared from the invasive light brown apple moth. For population genetic surveys to be conducted more frequently in biological control programs, some of the barriers to developing molecular markers that are variable enough for these types of surveys need to be overcome. One barrier is the time required to develop polymorphic microsatellite markers. Therefore, in Chapter 3, I developed a novel bioinformatics pipeline that searches through next-generation sequence (NGS) data and uses the raw sequencing reads to identify polymorphic loci. Using this approach I was able to rapidly develop microsatellite markers for two of my study species (T. pallidus and Chromaphis juglandicola). For both species more than 60% of the target markers amplified and were found to be polymorphic, compared to previous approaches where the success rates were much lower (published studies often show rates between 1 and 20%). I then examined evolutionary factors that may affect the sustainability of two classical biological control programs; 1) the biological control of walnut aphids, and 2) the biological control of invasive knotweeds. The walnut aphid biological control program is a textbook successful biological control program, but has shown recent evidence of localized breakdowns, whereas the biological control program for invasive knotweeds is currently under review in the United States and Canada. In Chapter 4, I explored whether hybridization between introduced "strains" of T. pallidus is responsible for recent breakdowns in this control program. In that study I found low levels of hybridization - thus it is unlikely hybridization is playing an important role in these breakdowns - as well as evidence that two of the strains may actually be cryptic species; one being a specialist and another being a generalist. In Chapter 5, I explored whether the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution might help explain these localized breakdowns. In that chapter I found evidence for a geographic mosaic in the walnut aphid biological control program, and commented on how components of the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution can help us predict what systems we might expect localized breakdowns to occur in. In Chapter 6, I explored whether endosymbionts might play a role in shaping the host-associations of two strains of the candidate biological control agent for invasive knotweeds. I found that while strains of the psyllid Aphalara itadori showed no barriers to hybridization of their nuclear genomes, there were curious patterns of horizontal transmission of their primary endosymbiont. I also found that one haplotype of the secondary endosymbiont Sodalis sp. dramatically changed in frequency during the hybrid crosses reared on giant knotweed. When compared with previous studies of this species, the results I observe suggest that endosymbionts may play an important role in the differing fitness levels of these two strains. In conclusion, population genetic approaches provide valuable tools for the study of post-release dynamics in biological control settings. While biological control programs promise to be useful study systems for evolutionary interactions, post-release studies will allow for that promise to come to fruition. In my future research endeavors I would like to continue to monitor the effects of hybridization and the frequency of geographic mosaics of coevolution in biological control settings. In addition, I would like to conduct post-release population genetic studies of both previous successful introductions and programs that resulted in failures. I believe these post-release studies will allow us to better determine what evolutionary factors affect the sustainability of biological control services and will allow for better management practices.
Download or read book Insect Molecular Genetics written by Marjorie A. Hoy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how molecular tools solve problems in insect behaviour, ecology, systematics and evolution, and pest management
Download or read book Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds written by R. Sforza and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the research findings in various aspects of weed biocontrol, this volume explores weed biology and ecology and the economic impacts, effectiveness and practical implications of weed management strategies. It is of interest to researchers and students in plant and environmental sciences.
Download or read book Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases is at the crossroads between two major scientific fields of the 21st century: evolutionary biology and infectious diseases. The genomic revolution has upset modern biology and has revolutionized our approach to ancient disciplines such as evolutionary studies. In particular, this revolution is profoundly changing our view on genetically driven human phenotypic diversity, and this is especially true in disease genetic susceptibility. Infectious diseases are indisputably the major challenge of medicine. When looking globally, they are the number one killer of humans and therefore the main selective pressure exerted on our species. Even in industrial countries, infectious diseases are now far less under control than 20 years ago. The first part of this book covers the main features and applications of modern technologies in the study of infectious diseases. The second part provides detailed information on a number of the key infectious diseases such as malaria, SARS, avian flu, HIV, tuberculosis, nosocomial infections and a few other pathogens that will be taken as examples to illustrate the power of modern technologies and the value of evolutionary approaches. Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases Includes contributions from leading authorities Provides the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Genes and the Agents of Life written by Robert A. Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-13 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the agents of life? Central to our conception of the biological world is the idea that it contains various kinds of individuals, including genes, organisms, and species. How we conceive of these agents of life is central to our understanding of the relationship between life and mind, the place of hierarchical thinking in the biological sciences, and pluralistic views of biological agency. Genes and the Agents of Life rethinks the place of the individual in the biological sciences, drawing parallels with the cognitive and social sciences. Genes, organisms, and species are all agents of life, but how are each of these conceptualized within genetics, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, and systematics? The book includes highly accessible discussions of genetic encoding, species and natural kinds, and pluralism above the levels of selection, drawing on work from across the biological sciences. A companion to Boundaries of the Mind, (Cambridge, 2004) where the focus is on the cognitive sciences, this volume will appeal to professionals and students in philosophy, biology, and the history of science. Robert A. Wilson is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Alberta. He is the author of Cartesian Psychology and Physical Minds (Cambridge, 1995).
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Olfaction written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of this volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science includes the molecular regulation of olfactory processes in vertebrates and insects including detailed discussion of olfactory proteins, signaling cascades and olfactory receptor modeling. In addition, because insect olfaction is an important and emerging field, it is also discussed in the context of key research questions such as disruption of host-finding by insect disease vectors, elucidation of the diverse range of compounds that are detected by insects, and the detection of pheromones by moths. Comprehensive coverage of molecular processes in olfaction of vertebrates and insects Focus on the emerging field of insect olfaction Contributions by leading research groups in their fields, from a range of countries Discusses fundamental knowledge and also key applications being addressed by the research
Download or read book Clavicipitalean Fungi written by James F. White Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference analyzes the ecology, evolution, genetics, physiology, and taxonomy of this diverse group of fungi for identification of common biological, biochemical, and genetic features and discovery of potential medical and agricultural applications. It traces and reconstruct the evolution of various host-endoparasite systems and studies recent
Download or read book Genesis written by Jan Sapp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-11 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genesis: The Evolution of Biology presents a history of the past two centuries of biology, suitable for use in courses, but of interest more broadly to evolutionary biologists, geneticists, and biomedical scientists, as well as general readers interested in the history of science. The book covers the early evolutionary biologists-Lamarck, Cuvier, Darwin and Wallace through Mayr and the neodarwinian synthesis, in much the same way as other histories of evolution have done, bringing in also the social implications, the struggles with our religious understanding, and the interweaving of genetics into evolutionary theory. What is novel about Sapp's account is a real integration of the cytological tradition, from Schwann, Boveri, and the other early cell biologists and embryologists, and the coverage of symbiosis, microbial evolutionary phylogenies, and the new understanding of the diversification of life coming from comparative analyses of complete microbial genomes. The book is a history of theories about evolution, genes and organisms from Lamarck and Darwin to the present day. This is the first book on the general history of evolutionary biology to include the history of research and theories about symbiosis in evolution, and first to include research on microbial evolution which were excluded from the classical neo-Darwinian synthesis. Bacterial evolution, and symbiosis in evolution are also excluded from virtually every book on the history of biology.
Download or read book Genetics and the Origin of Species written by Theodosius Dobzhansky and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
