Download or read book Genetic Mapping and Components of Resistance to Cercospora Zeae maydis in Maize written by Stuart G. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Gray leaf spot of maize (Zea mays L.), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis (Tehon & Daniels), can greatly reduce grain yield worldwide. This study evaluated a novel source of resistance to C. zeae-maydis in the US Corn Belt and the Republic of South Africa (RSA), linked molecular markers to resistance loci using selective genotyping, and examined the components of resistance, sporulation, lesion length and number of lesions. The resistant maize inbred, VO613Y, was crossed to the susceptible inbred, Pa405, to obtain a population of 144 F2:3 progeny lines. These lines were evaluated at Wooster, Ohio, USA, and Cedara, RSA, for resistance to C. zeae-maydis based on percent leaf area affected (PLAA). A selected F3:4 population, derived by self-pollination of resistant and susceptible F2:3 lines, was evaluated at two Ohio locations over two seasons and at Cedara. Simple sequence repeat, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and resistance gene analog molecular marker data were obtained and analyzed based on F2:3 and F3:4 PLAA means across all environments by Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA single factor analyses and composite interval mapping. Lesion length measurement, lesion counts and lesion sporulation data were taken on 4 resistant F3:4 progeny lines, 4 susceptible F3:4 progeny lines, and the parents. Quantitative trait loci located on two chromosome arms, 2L and 4L, together explained 47% of the variance in the F2:3 generation and 55% in the F3:4 generation across environments. Spearman rank correlations demonstrated that genotypes retained their relative ranks across environments. VO613Y-derived resistance extended the incubation period, resulted in the presence of fewer lesions and shortened the length of lesions. Taken together, this resulted in a lower percent leaf area affected by gray leaf spot. VO613Y and its resistant progeny did not inhibit spore production compared to Pa405 and its susceptible progeny, but resistant maize genotypes should contain fewer lesions capable of producing spores. The total number of spores produced on resistant maize genotypes should therefore be less than that produced on susceptible ones. These results indicate that VO613Y possesses QTL that may be introgressed into elite maize lines and deployed effectively in both southern Africa and the US Corn Belt.
Download or read book Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot of Maize written by Jacqueline Marie Benson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a foliar disease of maize caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina and quantitative resistance to GLS is important for maize production. A nested association mapping (NAM) maize population, consisting of 25 populations of 150 recombinant inbred lines, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GLS resistance. Trials were conducted in Blacksburg, VA, in a field with high natural incidence of GLS. A multivariate mixed model was used in ASReml3 to give the best linear unbiased predictions of disease severity ratings. QTL were selected using a general linear model selection procedure in SAS 9.2. Sixteen QTL, distributed across the maize genome, were identified using a likelihood of odds (LOD) selection threshold>4. Seven of these 16 QTL displayed allelic series with significantly higher and lower effects than the common parent allele. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) extracted from heterogeneous inbred families were developed to confirm and further finemap select QTL, targeting the loci with the greatest LOD scores from the model selection QTL analysis. Phenotypic characterization of the NILs confirmed that the loci in bins 1.04, 2.09 and 4.05 likely contribute significantly to disease resistance, with bins 1.04 and 2.09 conferring reductions in disease of 12% and 23%, respectively. In contrast, the susceptible allele in bin 4.05, which was associated with the distance between major veins, conferred an increase of 8.4%. This disease-related venation trait was confirmed using the 4.05 NILs. Genome-wide association studies revealed candidate genes related to the production of carotenoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant compounds that may play a role in cercosporin detoxification. Expression analysis of 1.05 NILs treated with cercosporin implicated a flavin-monooxygenase gene in cercosporin detoxification. Furthermore, significant associations between NAM parental allelic effects and parental phenotypes at the microscopic level for the 1.02 and 1.06 loci implicated callose plug and phenolic accumulation, respectively, in host defense. Elucidating the genetics of quantitative disease resistance loci provides breeders with valuable information that may enhance their ability to use molecular markers as a means to rapidly introgress loci that provide quantitative disease resistance.
Download or read book Genetic Mapping of Gray Leaf Spot Resistance Genes in Maize written by Anke Lehmensiek and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Maize Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 27 written by Jules Janick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Functional Genomics written by Jose M. Alonso and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition volume discusses the revolutionary development of faster and less expensive DNA sequencing technologies from the past 10 years and focuses on general technologies that can be utilized by a wide array of plant biologists to address specific questions in their favorite model systems. This book is organized into five parts. Part I examines the tools and methods required for identifying epigenetic and conformational changes at the whole-genome level. Part II presents approaches used to determine key aspects of a gene’s function, such as techniques used to identify and characterize gene regulatory networks. This is followed by a discussion of tools used to analyze the levels of mRNA, mRNA translation rates and metabolites. Part III features a compilation of forward and reverse genetic approaches that include recent implementation of high-throughput sequencing in classical methodologies such as QTL mapping. The final two parts explore strategies to facilitate and accelerate the generation and testing of functional DNA elements and basic computational tools used to facilitate the use of systems biology approached by a broad spectrum of plant researchers. Written in the highly successful Methods of Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and timely, Plant Functional Genomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition highlights the latest developments in DNA sequencing technologies that are likely to continue shaping the future of functional genomics.
Download or read book Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
Download or read book Recent Advances on Grapevine Microbe Interactions From Signal Perception to Resistance Response written by Aziz Aziz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Durability of Disease Resistance written by Th. Jacobs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From February 24 -28, 1992 an international symposium on Durability of Disease Resistance was held at the International Agricultural Centre in Wageningen, the Netherlands. The symposium, organized by the Department of Plant Breeding of Wageningen Agricultural University and the Centre for Plant Breeding and Repro duction Research, CPRO-DLO, was part of the DGIS funded programme Durable Resistance in Developing Countries. Without any form of prevention or protection nearly all crops will be seriously or even severely damaged by a range of pathogens. In modern agriculture man has been able to control many if not most pathogens using i) pesticides, ii) phyto sanitary methods such as control of seed and plant material in order to start a crop disease free, iii) agronomic measures such as crop rotation, iv) disease resis tance or combinations of these measures. Over the years the use of pesticides has increased enormously and so did the pro blems associated with pesticide use, such as environmental pollution and building of resistance and tolerance to these pesticides in the pathogens. The use of resis tance too increased strongly over the years and here too problems arose.
Download or read book Phenotypic and Genotypic Investigation of Multiple Disease Resistance in Maize written by Junyun Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compendium of Corn Diseases written by Gary Phillip Munkvold and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agroclimatology written by Jerry L. Hatfield and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we unlock resilience to climate stress by better understanding linkages between the environment and biological systems? Agroclimatology allows us to explore how different processes determine plant response to climate and how climate drives the distribution of crops and their productivity. Editors Jerry L. Hatfield, Mannava V.K. Sivakumar, and John H. Prueger have taken a comprehensive view of agroclimatology to assist and challenge researchers in this important area of study. Major themes include: principles of energy exchange and climatology, understanding climate change and agriculture, linkages of specific biological systems to climatology, the context of pests and diseases, methods of agroclimatology, and the application of agroclimatic principles to problem-solving in agriculture.
Download or read book Disease Resistance in Crop Plants written by Shabir Hussain Wani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human population is escalating at an enormous pace and is estimated to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. As a result, there will be an increase in demand for agricultural production by 60–110% between the years 2005 and 2050 at the global level; the number will be even more drastic in the developing world. Pathogens, animals, and weeds are altogether responsible for between 20 to 40 % of global agricultural productivity decrease. As such, managing disease development in plants continues to be a major strategy to ensure adequate food supply for the world. Accordingly, both the public and private sectors are moving to harness the tools and paradigms that promise resistance against pests and diseases. While the next generation of disease resistance research is progressing, maximum disease resistance traits are expected to be polygenic in nature and controlled by selective genes positioned at putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs). It has also been realized that sources of resistance are generally found in wild relatives or cultivars of lesser agronomic significance. However, introgression of disease resistance traits into commercial crop varieties typically involves many generations of backcrossing to transmit a promising genotype. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been found to facilitate the pre-selection of traits even prior to their expression. To date, researchers have utilized disease resistance genes (R-genes) in different crops including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds and other economically important plants, to improve productivity. Interestingly, comparison of different R genes that empower plants to resist an array of pathogens has led to the realization that the proteins encoded by these genes have numerous features in common. The above observation therefore suggests that plants may have co-evolved signal transduction pathways to adopt resistance against a wide range of divergent pathogens. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms necessary for pathogen identification and a thorough dissection of the cellular responses to biotic stresses will certainly open new vistas for sustainable crop disease management. This book summarizes the recent advances in molecular and genetic techniques that have been successfully applied to impart disease resistance for plants and crops. It integrates the contributions from plant scientists targeting disease resistance mechanisms using molecular, genetic, and genomic approaches. This collection therefore serves as a reference source for scientists, academicians and post graduate students interested in or are actively engaged in dissecting disease resistance in plants using advanced genetic tools.
Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity
Download or read book Genetics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant microbe Interactions 2 written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Volume 2 Volume 1 of this series has made its appearance and dealt forcefully with impor tant current topics in the field of plant-microbe interactions. We believe that the quality of those chapters was high and should serve as a focal point for the state of the art as well as an enduring reference. Volume 2 builds upon these accom plishments. Chapter 1 discusses the fascinating lipo-chitin signal molecules from Rhizo bium, aspects regarding their biosynthesis, and the basis for host specificity. These molecules are a cardinal example of how microorganisms influence plant development and stimulate speculation that they have identified a previously un known aspect of plant hormone activity. Chapter 2 continues the discussion of Rhizobium by considering the trafficking of carbon and nitrogen in nodules. Al though the ostensible advantage of nodules to plants is the fixation of atmos pheric nitrogen, the actual process involved in supplying reduced nitrogen to the plant host is complex.
