Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Aspects of Pre harvest Sprouting and Related Traits in Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Byung Hee Hong and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seed Dormancy Germination and Pre Harvest Sprouting written by Chengdao Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) are two of the biggest grain quality defects that grain growers encounter. About 50 percent of the global wheat crop is affected by pre-harvest sprouting to various degrees. Pre-harvest sprouting is a genetically-based quality defect and results in the presence of alpha-amylase in otherwise sound mature grain. It can range from perhaps undetectable to severe damage on grain and is measured by the falling numbers or alpha-amylase activity. This is an international issue, with sprouting damage lowering the value of crops to growers, seed and grain merchants, millers, maltsters, bakers, other processors, and ultimately the consumer. As such it has attracted attention from researchers in many biological and non-biological disciplines. The 13th International Symposium on Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Cereals was held 18-20 September, 2016 in Perth to discuss current findings of grain physiology, genetic pathways, trait expression and screening methods related to pre-harvest sprouting and LMA. This event followed the previous symposium in 2012 in Canada.
Download or read book Agronomy News written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sept.-Oct. issue includes list of theses and dissertations for U.S. and Canadian graduate degrees granted in crop science, soil science, and agronomic science during the previous academic year.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accelerating Genetic Gain for Key Traits Using Genome Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection Promising Breeding Tools for Sustainable Agriculture written by Sundeep Kumar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-08 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of QTL and Known Genes Associated with Resistance to Pre harvest Sprouting in Common Wheat written by Jiaqian Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combining Ability and Associations of Agronomic Traits Involving Three Sources of Dwarfism in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Jose Luis Maya de Leon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three genetically different dwarf cultivars of spring wheat were evaluated as potential sources of short stature to use in a wheat improvement program. The study involved a five parent diallel cross which included a semidwarf, a standard height and three dwarf cultivars. The genetic sources of dwarfism included a Norma 10 derivative named Vicam 71, a derived line from Tom Thumb called Tordo, and Olesen dwarf. Experimental material consisted of parental lines, F1, F2, and both backcrosses to the parents space planted in a randomized block design. The agronomic characters measured on an individual plant basis were: (1) plant height, (2) days to heading, (3) number of tillers, (4) number of spikelets per spike, (5) head length, (6) days to maturity, (7) grain yield, (8) harvest index, (9) kernel weight, (10) number of kernels per spikelet, (11) rachis internode length, (12) grain filling period and, (13) head grain weight. Estimates of gene action were determined by heterosis, heterobeltiosis, broad and narrow sense heritabilities and combining ability analyses. Associations among traits were estimated by phenotypic, environmental, and genotypic correlations as well as path-coefficient analysis for grain yield and eight of the variables. There were significant differences among the parental lines, their crosses, and generations for all traits measured. Either partial dominance for tallness or no dominance was manifested for those crosses involving the dwarf cultivars Vicam 71 and Olesen. Tordo, when crossed to taller wheats showed dominance for short stature. All three genetic sources of dwarfism and their resulting progenies manifested desirable agronomic characteristics. Vicam 71 was a good parent in terms of grain yield and number of tillers per plant. Tordo was the best source for increasing the number of spikelets per spike, kernel weight and head grain weight. Olesen was a good progenitor for increasing number of kernels per spikelet. All three dwarf cultivars displayed some advantage(s) over the other two and all could be used to breed short statured wheats with a possibility of success. Plant height did not appear to have a direct effect on plant grain yield in any of the 10 crosses. With the exception of number of tillers per plant and grain yield, a major proportion of the phenotypic variability observed for all characters studied was due to genetic factors. A large portion of the total genetic variability associated with days to heading, maturity, height, rachis internode, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet, kernel weight, and harvest index was mainly a result of additive gene action. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were involved in the expression of grain filling period and head weight. The nonadditive portion of the genetic variance associated with tiller number and grain yield per plant was relatively large when compared with the additive portion. Therefore, selection for increased expression of tillers and yield should be delayed until the F4 or later generations where a large degree of homozygosity has been obtained. The genetic correlations for individual crosses indicated that only a few of the traits studied were associated in the same manner in most or all the 10 hybridizations. High positive genetic correlations were found between plant grain yield vs tiller number and kernels per spikelet, tiller number vs days to maturity, kernels per spikelet vs head grain weight, plant height vs head weight, and head length vs rachis internode length. High negative genetic correlations were found between kernel weight vs days to maturity, plant height vs harvest index, and days to heading vs grain filling period. Most correlations among agronomic traits were different in value and/or sign from one cross to another suggesting different gene associations in the parental cultivars. Genetic correlations between components of yield showed this type of inconsistency. Therefore, grain yield could be increased by a combined increase of more than one component of yield without compensatory oscillation among them because tiller number, spikelet number, kernels per spikelet and kernel weight were often not correlated between one another and sometimes were positively correlated. Path-coefficients analysis indicated that number of tiller per plant had a high direct effect on grain yield in all crosses. With the exception of two crosses, indirect effects of this trait were negligible. In the latter two crosses tiller number had a high negative indirect effect on plant grain yield via head grain weight. Kernels per spikelet and kernel weight had no direct effects on grain yield but their indirect effects via head weight were positive and significant. Large amounts of additive gene action were observed in the expression of plant height. This trait was also highly negatively correlated with harvest index; therefore, phenotypic selection for restricted plant height would be useful in obtaining lines with high grain to straw ratios. In general, crosses that showed high specific combining ability effects involved parents with low general combining ability. However, there were some exceptions to this rule. Crosses of high x high and high x low general combiners presented high specific combining ability effects, suggesting that some additive gene action may be involved in the superior performance of these combinations. Also the F 2 generation did not differ from the F1 in assessing general cornbining ability. A wheat breeder should be aware of those genetic associations between agronomic traits that could be used to select superior cultivars. However, the genetic correlations in this study suggested that each cross represented a different set of gene associations depending upon the parents involved. If some progress is to be made in using the genetic variability available in the crop, the breeder should not try to select exactly the same type of plant from every cross. Every hybridization is potentially a source of better lines if they are well planned and the reasons they were made are remembered during selection. It is very important to realize what are the contributions of each parental line in a cross and what are the most important trait associations present in each parent. Superior rural genetic variability existing in the crop.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Union Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inheritance Generation Prediction and Interrelationships Among Quantitative Characteristics in Four Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell Cultivars written by Paul Joseph Linnen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic and Genomic Studies on Wheat Pre harvest Sprouting Resistance written by Meng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), germination of physiologically matured grains in a wheat spike before harvesting, can cause significant reduction in grain yield and end-use quality. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance have been reported in different sources. To determine the genetic architecture of PHS resistance and its relationship with grain color (GC) in US hard winter wheat, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on both PHS resistance and GC was conducted using in a panel of 185 U.S. elite breeding lines and cultivars and 90K wheat SNP arrrays. PHS resistance was assessed by evaluating sprouting rates in wheat spikes harvested from both greenhouse and field experiments. Thirteen QTLs for PHS resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes in at least two experiments, and the effects of these QTLs varied among different environments. The common QTLs for PHS resistance and GC were identified on the long arms of the chromosome 3A and 3D, indicating pleiotropic effect of the two QTLs. Significant QTLs were also detected on chromosome arms 3AS and 4AL, which were not related to GC, suggesting that it is possible to improve PHS resistance in white wheat. To identify markers closely linked to the 4AL QTL, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology was used to analyze a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between two parents, "Tutoumai A" and "Siyang 936", contrasting in 4AL QTL. Several closely linked GBS SNP markers to the 4AL QTL were identified and some of them were coverted to KASP for marker-assisted breeding. To investigate effects of the two non-GC related QTLs on 3AS and 4AL, both QTLs were transferered from "Tutoumai A" and "AUS1408" into a susceptible US hard winter wheat breeding line, NW97S186, through marker-assisted backcrossing using the gene marker TaPHS1 for 3AS QTL and a tightly linked KASP marker we developed for 4AL QTL. The 3AS QTL (TaPHS1) significantly interacted with environments and genetic backgrounds, whereas 4AL QTL (TaMKK3-A) interacted with environments only. The two QTLs showed additive effects on PHS resistance, indicating pyramiding these two QTLs can increase PHS resistance. To improve breeding selection efficiency, genomic prediction using genome-wide markers and marker-based prediction (MBP) using selected trait-linked markers were conducted in the association panel. Among the four genomic prediction methods evaluated, the ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) provides the best prediction among the tested methods (rrBLUP, BayesB, BayesC and BayesC0). However, MBP using 11 significant SNPs identified in the association study provides a better prediction than genomic prediction. Therefore, for traits that are controlled by a few major QTLs, MBP may be more effective than genomic selection.
Download or read book Breeding and Evaluation Tools for Preharvest Sprouting Emergence and Environmental Stability of Falling Numbers in Bread Wheat written by Stephanie Marie Sjoberg and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum spp.) is an economically and nutritionally important crop, providing an average 20% of the daily protein and caloric intake for most of the global population. The soft white winter wheat market class that is largely used for cookies, pastries, and cakes. Success in the export market demands excellent end-use quality and does not tolerate starch damage due to alpha-amylase enzyme activity in the grain. Two independent genetic causes of alpha-amylase accumulation in mature grain are late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) due to temperature fluctuations during late grain filling, and preharvest sprouting, the germination of grain on the mother plant when cool, rainy conditions occur before harvest. The wheat industry detects alpha-amylase digestion of starch using the Hagberg-Perten falling number test. It is essential to address this problem to prevent recurrent falling number losses. The objectives of this dissertation were to explore approaches to evaluate the risk of LMA and preharvest sprouting, evaluate susceptibility in existing cultivars, and finally find a good breeding strategy for this problem. Because preharvest sprouting tolerance results mainly from higher grain dormancy, it is important to strike a good balance where there is enough dormancy at maturity to reduce sprouting risk but not so much as to prevent good seedling emergence in fall-planted wheat. We identified the important genetic loci controlling seedling emergence and preharvest sprouting traits in pacific northwest breeding lines and varieties using a genomewide association mapping approach. A total of 90 markers associated with preharvest sprouting traits and 85 markers associated with seedling emergence traits were detected in these studies. Although most of these QTL were not supported across multiple environments, a few large effect QTLs were identified for potential application in the breeding program using marker-assisted selection. A genomewide selection approach was explored for use in making genetic gains for preharvest sprouting, contrasting the prediction accuracy of a basic model with one incorporating a large effect emergence QTL. We found that prediction accuracies were not significantly different between the models, suggesting it is possible to make improvements to preharvest sprouting without undermining seedling emergence, an important yield determinant.
Download or read book Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Morpho Physio and Quality Traits in Advance Lines of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell With CD Copy written by Aashu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
