EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench

Download or read book Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Raul Rodriguez-Herrera and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Genetics of Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench

Download or read book The Genetics of Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by John Peter Esele and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum

Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.

Book Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Disease Response Genes in Sorghum Bicolor L Moench and Other Cereals

Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Disease Response Genes in Sorghum Bicolor L Moench and Other Cereals written by Alejandro Zamora-Melendez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies have shown that disease resistance genes diverge under recurrent positive selection as a result of a molecular arms-race between hosts and pathogens. However, these studies have been conducted mainly in animals and few plant genes have been shown to evolve adaptively. The study of plant molecular adaptation for disease resistance is fundamental to our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and to the development of novel plant breeding strategies. Here, we combined information from the expression pattern of Sorghum bicolor genes and their divergence to rice in order to identify candidate disease response genes (DRGs). We used evolutionary analyses of orthologous DRG sets from grass species to identify positively selected genes and the targeted residues. Six genes showed a pattern of substitution consistent with positive selection: a thaumatin, a peroxidase and a barley mlo homolog, all known antifungal proteins; and a MADS box gene, an eIF5 gene and a gene of unknown function: SESPY. All adaptive sites mapped to the surface of the crystal structures of peroxidase and thaumatin and several are close to the active sites. This information provides a basis for functional validation studies, the identification of accessions having variation at important residues and the rational design of DRGs. Rapid divergence through positive selection should correlate to reduced intraspecific polymorphism. Here we compare the macroevolution and intraspecific polymorphism of positively selected disease response genes and show that the patterns of polymorphism found are consistent with both selective sweeps and balancing selection. The sorghum mlo homolog and SESPY, have old, divergent alleles, while a peroxidase and a gene with a RNA binding domain have significantly reduced diversity suggesting a recent selective sweep. Finally, we show that sorghum DRGs are significantly closer to the telomere and have more exons than a control set of evenly expressed genes. The evidence from gene location; structure; macro-evolution and polymorphism of these DRGs point to the great selective pressure produced by pathogens which has driven the evolution of cereal genome content, order and function.

Book Characterization of Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench

Download or read book Characterization of Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Gregory Allan Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book In Vitro and Field Based Evaluation for Grain Mold Resistance and Its Impact on Quality Traits in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench

Download or read book In Vitro and Field Based Evaluation for Grain Mold Resistance and Its Impact on Quality Traits in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Sandeep Singh Tomar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain mold (GM) is an important biotic constraint limiting yield and market value of sorghum grains. It results in kernel discoloration and deterioration. Such kernels have reduced seed viability, low food and feed quality. Breeding for grain mold resistance is challenging because of the complex nature of host-pathogen-environment interactions. This complex task could be made simpler by utilizing molecular markers. Utilization of marker resources may help to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. In this study, three sets of field and laboratory based experiments were performed which will help in finding potential grain mold pathogens responsible for kernel deterioration in the studied environment and search for genotypes with better kernel quality and grain mold resistance. In the first part of the study, in vitro screening of 44 grain mold resistant sorghum genotypes developed and released by Texas A & M AgriLife Research. This study was aimed at identifying sources resistance to grain mold infection through laboratory screening. The result revealed that genotypes Tx3371, Tx3373, Tx3374, Tx3376, Tx3407, Tx3400, and Tx3402 were have high level of resistance and were identified as potential sources of grain mold resistance as each showed minimal fungal infection and higher grain quality traits. The second experiment was performed to optimize surface sterilization protocol for the extraction of fungal pathogens from the kernel surface (pericarp) and to study the effect of bleach percentage and time period on pathogen extraction. Seven treatments using sterilized double distilled water (0 % bleach (v/v)) and different bleach (NaOCl) concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 %) were used with a time interval of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min. Optimized surface sterilization in the range of 7.5 to 15 % bleach (v/v) for 7.5 to 10 min resulted least contamination and fungal genera isolation from the surface of the kernel. The third study was aimed at characterizing genotypes (sorghum association panel) for grain mold pathogen F. thapsinum and by using genome wide association (GWA) tool in order to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. We studied the effect of different agronomic and panicle architecture traits on grain mold incidence and severity. Effects of grain mold on kernel quality traits were also studied. We reported two loci associated with grain mold resistance. Based on first year field screening results, 46 genotypes having grain mold ratings 1-5 (1 = 1% panicle kernel molded; 5 = 50% panicle kernel molded) were selected for a detailed study aimed at understanding grain mold x fungal pathogen interactions to physical and chemical kernel traits. Seed germination test, vigor index, and tetrazolium viability test were performed to study effect of grain mold infection on kernel viability and vigor. Alternaria, Fusarium thapsinum, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the main fungal genera isolated from bisected kernels. Based on two year screening, SC623, SC67, SC621, SC947 and SC1494 were most resistant based on both PGMR and TGMR rating while SC370, SC833, SC1484, and SC1077 showed the most susceptible reaction and this was consistent for individual location analysis. SC309, SC213, SC833, SC971 and SC1047 are genotypes having identified loci for grain mold resistance.

Book Molecular Genetic Analysis of Stay green a Post flowering Drought Resistance Trait in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench

Download or read book Molecular Genetic Analysis of Stay green a Post flowering Drought Resistance Trait in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Oswald R. Crasta and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Estimation of Some Environmental and Genetic Sources of Variation Affecting Protein Quantity in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Grain

Download or read book Estimation of Some Environmental and Genetic Sources of Variation Affecting Protein Quantity in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Grain written by Richard Frank Koenig and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Physiological Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Herbicide Resistance in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor

Download or read book Physiological Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Herbicide Resistance in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor written by Balaji Aravindhan Pandian and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] is a versatile crop with multiple uses, including for food, feed, and fuel. Postemergence (POST) grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum, primarily due to a lack of herbicide options registered for POST use. The 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- (e.g., mesotrione or tembotrione) and acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibitor (e.g., chlorsulfuron) herbicides are used for POST control of a broad-spectrum of weeds including grasses in corn and wheat but not in sorghum, due to crop injury. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum POST weed control can be an economical and viable solution. Previously we have identified four sorghum genotypes, two each resistant to mesotrione (G-1 and G-10), tembotrione (G-200 and G-350) and, one susceptible genotype (S-1) from the sorghum association panel. Further, we found that the genotype S-1 is highly resistant to chlorsulfuron. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) investigate the inheritance, mechanism, and identify genetic loci conferring resistance to mesotrione and tembotrione, 2) characterize, and investigate the inheritance and mechanism of resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum. To understand the inheritance of the mesotrione and tembotrione resistance, F1 and F2 progeny were generated by performing crosses using S-1 and G-1, G-10, G-200, or G-350. The F1 and F2 progeny were evaluated for their response to various doses of mesotrione and tembotrione treatment. Likewise, chlorsulfuron dose-response experiments were conducted using S-1 along with BTx623, a susceptible check and also F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing S-1 and BTx623. The results of genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny demonstrated that the mesotrione resistance in G-1 and G-10 is a single dominant trait, and while the tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 is a partially dominant polygenic trait. Further, sequencing of HPPD gene, the molecular target of mesotrione and tembotrione in the resistant genotypes, revealed no mutations known to bestow resistance. Additionally, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing mesotrione and tembotrione, using CYP-inhibitors, malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was also assessed. The results indicated a significant reduction in biomass accumulation in sorghum plants pre-treated with malathion or PBO, suggesting the involvement of CYPs in the metabolism of mesotrione and tembotrione. Bulk segregation analysis combined with RNA-Seq (BSR-seq) was used to identify the genomic region associated with mesotrione resistance; however, the sequence analyses was unable to map the resistance gene within a smaller interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed three QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in G-200. The results of the chlorsulfuron dose-response assay indicated that S-1 and F1 progeny were ~20-fold, more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. Segregation of F2 progeny into 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility), suggested that chlorsulfuron resistance in S-1 is a single dominant trait. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron from S-1 revealed no mutations that confer resistance to chlorsulfuron; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion, indicating that the metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in S-1. Overall, the results of this dissertation provide opportunities to develop herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids via introgression, which can help effective, POST weed management.

Book Sorghum and Millets Diseases

Download or read book Sorghum and Millets Diseases written by John F. Leslie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is based on the Mexico 2000 meeting under the auspices of ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics) and INTSORMIL (International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program). Sorghum and millet are very important agronomic crops in many parts of the world, specifically in the semi-arid regions in warm areas. The crops are of great significance in supplying food and feed in the developing areas of Latin America, Africa, and Asia.