Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Dlar in Axon Guidance and Synaptic Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Nancy Kaufmann and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Molecular and Genetic Analysis of Neuromuscular Connectivity and Synaptic Growth in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Hong Iris Wan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Molecular Genetic Analysis of Axon Guidance in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Huidy Shu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neuromuscular Junctions in Drosophila written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-04-29 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromuscular Junctions in Drosophila gathers the main contributions that research using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has made in the area of synapse development, synapse physiology, and excitability of muscles and nerve cells. The chapters in this book represent a synthesis of major advances in our understanding of neuronal development and synaptic physiology, which have been obtained using the above approach.This book is directed to the general neuroscience audience: researchers, instructors, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates who are interested in the mechanisms of synapse development and physiology. However, the book will also be a valuable resource for those that use the fruit fly as a model system in their laboratories.Key Features* Synthesizes the genetic approaches used to study synaptic development and function at the neuromuscular junction, using flies as a model system* Covers major recent advances in muscle development, pathfinding, synapse maturation and plasticity, exo- and endocytosis, and ion channel function* Written in clear language that is easily understandable to readers not already familiar with fruit fly research* Includes numerous diagrams and extensive reference lists

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Axon Guidance in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Ashley Palani Wright and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Developing Visual System in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Allen James Ebens (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Axon Guidance in the Embryonic Central Nervous System of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Vicki L. McGovern and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The goal of developmental neurobiology is to understand how a complex nervous system is wired. During development of the central nervous system (CNS) neural connections are assembled in a highly stereotyped fashion. How do axons find their targets with such accuracy? We know that axon migration is direct by attractive and repulsive guidance cues located in the extracellular environment. While many guidance molecules have been identified, we are only just beginning to understand the mechanisms of axon guidance. In order to identify additional genes involved in axon guidance and CNS development we performed a misexpression screen. Using P-elements and the UAS/GAL4 system, transcription of endogenous genes was induced in the embryonic CNS. Misexpression phenotypes were then identified immunohistochemically with two monoclonal antibodies: BP102, a general axon marker, and 1D4, which labels a subset of axon pathways. Over 4100 individual P-element insertion lines were screened. Twenty-five insertions corresponding to 18 genes resulted in misexpression phenotypes. Genes involved in axon guidance, embryonic patterning, and cell cycle regulation were identified. Several transcription factors that have not been previously implicated in CNS development were isolated and characterized as well. The identification of these transcription factors is intriguing since little is known about the transcriptional regulation of axon guidance genes. Additionally, we have studied the regulation of the previously identified guidance molecule Commissureless (Comm). Comm is necessary for proper axon guidance at the CNS midline of the Drosophila embryo. In the absence of Comm, commissural axons fail to cross the midline and instead make ispilateral projections on their respective sides of the midline. Using mosaic analysis, we have identified a cell autonomous neuronal requirement for Comm. Clones containing mutant alleles of comm formed commissural projections at a statistically significant reduced frequency when compared to wild type clones. This result suggests that regulation of Comm expression in neurons is critical for Comm's function in axon guidance at the CNS midline. These studies have both advanced the understanding of the regulation of Comm, and have identified new potential regulators of guidance molecules.

Download or read book A Molecular Genetic Analysis of Target Selection in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Roger Chi-Che Lee and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster written by Gerhard Martin Technau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study processes of the central nervous system This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development.

Download or read book A Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Role of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Trio During Axon Pathfinding in the Embryonic CNS of Drosophila Melanogaster written by David J. Forsthoefel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Drosophila melanogaster embryo is an ideal system in which to study axon guidance, because of the relative simplicity of the nervous system and the evolutionary conservation of the molecules utilized during development. The Abelson cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics in Drosophila, mice, and humans. In Drosophila, Abl is expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). In a genetic screen for modifiers of the Abl mutant semilethality phenotype, we identified trio, a cytoplasmic guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is also expressed in the CNS and regulates actin dynamics through Rho GTPases. Mutations in Abl and trio interacted genetically, leading to dramatic disruption of axon pathways at the CNS midline. Building upon these initial observations, we analyzed interactions between Abl, trio, and the attractive Netrin receptor frazzled (fra)/Deleted-in-Colorectal-Cancer (DCC). In fra;Abl and fra;trio double mutants, few axons crossed the midline, similar to the phenotype in trio, Abl mutants. Furthermore, mutations in Abl and trio suppressed the inappropriate midline crossover phenotype in embryos expressing the chimeric Robo-Fra receptor, consistent with an in vivo role for these molecules as Fra effectors. Fra bound Abl and Trio in coimmunoprecipitation and GST pulldown experiments, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Fra and Trio was elevated in cultured cells overexpressing Abl. Mutations in enabled (ena), another Abl substrate, suppressed the loss-of-commissure phenotype in fra, Abl, and trio mutants, as well as the Robo-Fra receptor phenotype. Together, these results suggest that Abl and Trio are effectors for multiple attractive receptors at the CNS midline, and that Ena may function during both attractive and repulsive signaling. Finally, a functional analysis of the requirement for Trio's conserved domains has been initiated. In transgenic rescue and overexpression experiments, TrioGEF1 was required for axon guidance across the CNS midline, while TrioSH3 inhibited midline crossing. Coexpression experiments with the Robo-Fra receptor and assays in other tissues and cultured cells suggest that the conserved N-terminal domain, spectrin-like repeats, and GEF2 domain may modulate GEF1 signaling in specific contexts. Future experiments must elucidate the mechanistic details of cytoskeletal control by Trio and Fra.

Download or read book A Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Neuromuscular Connectivity in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Douglas McIntosh Fambrough and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Synaptic Growth and Neurotoxic Effects of Radiation Exposure During Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila has been used for decades to identify and analyze molecular pathways underlying processes such as neurodevelopment and the innate immune response and for modeling complex diseases. In this thesis, I describe the use of Drosophila in two different projects. The first is characterization of a novel signaling pathway regulating growth of the larval neuromuscular junction. The second is the development of an experimental model to investigate neurotoxic effects of radiation exposure during development. Using the larval neuromuscular junction as a model synapse we have identified the lipocalin GLaz, the ortholog of human Apolipoprotein D (hApoD) as a novel regulator of synaptic growth. We have shown that postsynaptic insulin signaling promotes growth of the presynaptic terminal and that insulin signaling is increased in GLaz mutants. Overexpression of GLaz or hApoD in glia results in NMJ undergrowth, which is suppressed by simultaneously increasing insulin signaling in muscle. These studies uncover a novel role for lipocalins in regulation of synaptic growth and support a model in which GLaz is secreted from glia and antagonizes postsynaptic insulin signaling to restrict NMJ growth. We have also used Drosophila to model the neurotoxic side effects of radiation exposure during development as in the treatment for pediatric central nervous system malignancies. We have shown that many of the side effects observed in human patients treated with radiation during development can be modeled in Drosophila. Adult flies exposed to radiation during larval development display reduced survival to adulthood, early death, impaired locomotor behavior, and neurodegeneration. These phenotypes are consistent with premature aging. One hallmark of premature aging is chronic inflammation. Similarly, we find persistent activation of the innate immune system in adult flies that were exposed to radiation during larval development. We further demonstrate that the innate immune response is protective acutely following radiation exposure. Together these data demonstrate that the innate immune pathway is a potential therapeutic target for reducing the side-effects of CRT. The use of this experimental model in genetic screens should facilitate identification of additional radioprotective or radiosensitizing pathways, which may be of further therapeutic value.

Download or read book A Genetic Analysis of Retinal Development in Drosophila Melanogaster written by David Landreth Van Vactor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Signaling Pathways Involved in Drosophila Embryonic Axon Guidance written by Jessica Elizabeth Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Drosophila Serrate is Required for Synaptic Structure and Function at Larval Neuromuscular Junctions written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model system to identify genes involved in synaptic growth and function. In Drosophila, the Serrate (Ser) gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is a ligand for Notch receptor. Several previous studies implicated a role for Serrate in normal wing development and patterning. In this study, I demonstrate that Serrate is required for normal synaptic growth and function. I characterized the phenotype of a Serrate mutation (serB936) that was identified by an EMS-induced genetic screen aimed at identifying novel genes that play a role in synaptic growth and function. Co-localization studies show that Serrate protein is expressed at both the pre- and postsynaptic side of larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Mutations in ser impair synaptic transmission at larval NMJs. This defect is entirely presynaptic, as nerve-evoked excitatory junction potentials (EJP) and quantal content (QC) of neurotransmitter release are significantly reduced when compared to wild-type control. Further, mutations in ser also alter the growth of the NMJ and the underlying muscle. Mutations in ser significantly reduce the size of larval body wall muscles (length and surface area) as well as the number and size of synaptic boutons, and the number of secondary axonal branches. Ubiquitous or muscle-specific expression of normal Serrate in serB936 mutants restores a normal muscle size but not a normal size and structure of the innervating NMJ. However, expression of normal Serrate in the motor axon restores a normal number of synaptic boutons and secondary branches at serB936 mutant NMJs. In addition, it restores normal neurotransmitter release. These data suggest that Serrate protein is required presynaptically for normal synaptic growth and function. Interestingly, overexpression of Serrate in a wild type background resulted in similar phenotypes than to those of loss-of-function mutants. In conclusion, these data suggest a new functional role for Serrate in synaptic growth and function.

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Trio and the Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Dlar in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Jack Bateman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ig Superfamily Molecules in the Nervous System written by Peter Sonderegger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vast number of neural cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily have been isolated over the past two decades. In functional studies, many of them have been shown to confer adhesive properties to cells and to play an important role in developmental processes such as cell migration and axon outgrowth. Recent observations implicate Ig superfamily adhesion molecules in the regulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, in regeneration after neural trauma, as well as in the pathogenesis of malformations in the developing nervous systems. This book summarizes the molecular features and some of the cellular functions of this important class of cell surface molecules. It includes detailed information on the molecular structure of the immunoglobulin fold, the common domain of these proteins, the molecular interactions between various neural Ig superfamily members and their role in signal transduction, as well as the role of Ig superfamily adhesion molecules in axon guidance during both vertebrate and invertebrate neurogenesis. Recent observations on a role for these molecules in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and in the regeneration of injured axons in the peripheral and central nervous system are described. A discussion on the connection between Ig superfamily adhesion molecules and medical genetics is also provided.