Download or read book Generalizing the Causal Effect of Fertility on Female Labor Supply written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Causal Effect of Fertility on Female Labor Supply written by Avraham Y. Ebenstein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic models of home production predict a tradeoff between a mother's fertility and her labor supply. Recent empirical work suggests that while these outcomes are correlated, the causal impact is negligible when estimated through Instrumental Variables (sex preference, twinning). I find that in Taiwan, intense son preference produces 2SLS estimates of a mother's labor response that are larger than OLS estimates, suggesting that previous IV analyses may focus on mothers with lower than average costs to childbearing. I present a model of a mother's joint determination of fertility and labor supply allowing for unobserved heterogeneity in both the benefits and costs of children. The model predicts that IV estimates will rise in proportion to the intensity of the instrument, and provides a framework for assessing the bias in OLS and IV estimators. Estimation of the structural model predicts that the average causal effect of a third child on a mother's probability of working is -10 percent in Taiwan and -12 percent in the United States for mothers between 34 and 36 years of age. The results imply that the IV estimate for the US (-7 percent) is lower than the average causal effect, but the IV estimate in Taiwan (-11 percent) is slightly larger than the average causal effect. I present a set of simulations to consider how IV estimates derived from simulated data change when the strength of the instrument varies, and find that in both Taiwan and the US, weaker instruments provide estimates lower than the average causal effect, and stronger instruments yield estimates closer to the average causal effect.
Download or read book Child Costs and the Causal Effect of Fertility on Female Labor Supply written by Jan Priebe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Fertility on Female Labor Supply written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the effects of fertility on female labor supply, primarily female labor force participation and work hours. Although estimates of the causal relationship between fertility and female labor supply are mixed, this report tries to review why and by how much an additional child in a family affects work decisions and work hours of mothers on average. Statistical analysis shows a decreasing trend in fertility and an increasing trend in female labor force participation throughout the world over the last four decades. Using different specifications and estimation techniques, empirical studies suggest that fertility has negative effects on maternal labor supply because childbearing falls on women and women have lower wage rates than men on average. The negative relationship between fertility and female labor supply is explained by social, economic, and technical forces that affect fertility and female labor supply, including an increase in the value of women's time due to an increase in education levels of women, expensive childcare, and substitutes for children; emphasis on quality instead of quantity of children; an increase in employment opportunities for women; changes in social norms towards supporting women working outside their home; and technical progress in birth control.
Download or read book Fertility and Female Labor Supply in Latin America written by Guillermo Cruces and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the effect of fertility on maternal labor supply in Argentina and Mexico exploiting a source of exogenous variability in family size first introduced by Angrist and Evans (1998) for the United States. We find that the estimates for the US can be generalized both qualitatively and quantitatively to the populations of two developing countries where, compared to the US, fertility is known to be higher, female education levels are much lower and there are fewer formal facilities for childcare.
Download or read book Life Cycle Effects of Fertility on Parents Labor Supply written by James Patrick Vere and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fertility and Female Labour Supply in Latin America written by Guillermo Cruces and published by UN. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study looks at the effect of fertility on maternal labour supply in Argentina and Mexico, exploiting a source of exogenous variability in family size first introduced by Angrist and Evans for the United States. The study finds that the estimates for the US can be generalized both quantitatively an qualitatively to the populations of two developing nations where, compared to the US, fertility is known to be higher, female education levels are much lower and there are fewer formal facilities for childcare. Publishing Agency: United Nations (UN).
Download or read book Part time and Full time Female Labor Force Participation Rates and Fertility Rates written by Yueh-Shi Carol Kao and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working for Change written by Lucy Hackett and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the negative correlation between fertility and development has been long acknowledged, it is challenging to estimate the causal effect of female labor force participation (FLFP) on fertility. We use a novel instrument for estimating this effect: washing machines prices -- a relevant instrument, as these appliances have been found to increase FLFP by "liberating" women's time. We exploit the fall in prices resulting from trade reforms in Mexico to study FLFP's effects on fertility. We find large effects on fertility and mothers' age: increases in FLFP can explain at least 42% of the reduction in fertility experienced during this time.
Download or read book Life cycle Labor Supply and Fertility written by Mark R. Rosenzweig and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The empirical relationship between lifetime earnings and mortality written by Julian P. Cristia and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Demography and the Economy written by John B. Shoven and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demographics is a vital field of study for understanding social and economic change and it has attracted attention in recent years as concerns have grown over the aging populations of developed nations. Demographic studies help make sense of key aspects of the economy, offering insight into trends in fertility, mortality, immigration, and labor force participation, as well as age, gender, and race specific trends in health and disability. Demography and the Economy explores the connections between demography and economics, paying special attention to what demographic trends can reveal about the sustainability of traditional social security programs and the larger implications for economic growth. The volume brings together some of the leading scholars working at the border between the two disciplines, and it provides an eclectic overview of both fields. Contributors also offer deeper analysis of a variety of issues such as the impact of greater wealth on choices about marriage and childbearing and the effects of aging populations on housing prices, Social Security, and Medicare.
Download or read book Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference from Incomplete Data Perspectives written by Andrew Gelman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-09-03 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a collection of articles on statistical methods relating to missing data analysis, including multiple imputation, propensity scores, instrumental variables, and Bayesian inference. Covering new research topics and real-world examples which do not feature in many standard texts. The book is dedicated to Professor Don Rubin (Harvard). Don Rubin has made fundamental contributions to the study of missing data. Key features of the book include: Comprehensive coverage of an imporant area for both research and applications. Adopts a pragmatic approach to describing a wide range of intermediate and advanced statistical techniques. Covers key topics such as multiple imputation, propensity scores, instrumental variables and Bayesian inference. Includes a number of applications from the social and health sciences. Edited and authored by highly respected researchers in the area.
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Schooling and Fertility in the Developing World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-11 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assesses the evidence, and possible mechanisms, for the associations between women's education, fertility preferences, and fertility in developing countries, and how these associations vary across regions. It discusses the implications of these associations for policies in the population, health, and education sectors, including implications for research.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Download or read book Gender Inequality and Economic Growth Evidence from Industry Level Data written by Ata Can Bertay and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.
