Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling of Wood Decay Fungus Fibroporia Radiculosa Grown on Different Organic and Copper Based Preservatives written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper tolerant brown rot fungi are able to depolymerize the structure of wood treated with copper or organic wood preservatives. This research used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) combined with RNA-seq to explore what genes of the brown-rot fungus, Fibroporia radiculosa , are expressed when the fungus is overcoming the wood preservatives and decaying the wood. The preliminary study of ACQ-treated wood indicated that the hydrogen peroxide needed for wood decay to proceed may come from AAOX (aryl alcohol oxidase), with oxalate regulation by ODC2 (oxalate decarboxylase), and copper regulation by COP (copper resistance P-type ATPase pump). The principal study measured the expression of ten genes at early, mid, and late stages of decay in wood treated with azole, copper, quat, ACQ, CA, plus untreated. Both AAOX and LCC (laccase) were often expressed at their highest levels early in the decay stages, thus either one or both could be involved in early Fenton chemistry. Expression levels of ICL (isocitrate lyase) and GLOXDH (glyoxylate dehydrogenase) were also highest in early decay stages. Of great interest was the complete lack of expression of the COP gene on copper-treated wood at any decay stage. The most surprising and significant result is the impact the quat-treatment had on the metabolism of the fungus, and lack of impact of the azole-treatment. This research indicates that it is the quat that provides the greatest inhibition of F. radiculosa , more so than the copper. Based on RNA Seq, the total number of genes that were up- or down-regulated on the copper-treatment was 473, with 293 on the quat-treatment, and 185 on the azole-treatment. There were a number of genes with unknown protein functions highly expressed. These data distinctly show that gene expression profiles of F. radiculosa are altered by different wood preservative compositions and the duration of wood decay. These genes and this data needs further analysis and
Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling of Wood Decay Fungus Fibroporia Radiculosa Grown on Different Organic and Copper Based Preservatives written by Ayfer Akgul and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper tolerant brown rot fungi are able to depolymerize the structure of wood treated with copper or organic wood preservatives. This research used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) combined with RNA-seq to explore what genes of the brown-rot fungus, Fibroporia radiculosa, are expressed when the fungus is overcoming the wood preservatives and decaying the wood. The preliminary study of ACQ-treated wood indicated that the hydrogen peroxide needed for wood decay to proceed may come from AAOX (aryl alcohol oxidase), with oxalate regulation by ODC2 (oxalate decarboxylase), and copper regulation by COP (copper resistance P-type ATPase pump). The principal study measured the expression of ten genes at early, mid, and late stages of decay in wood treated with azole, copper, quat, ACQ, CA, plus untreated. Both AAOX and LCC (laccase) were often expressed at their highest levels early in the decay stages, thus either one or both could be involved in early Fenton chemistry. Expression levels of ICL (isocitrate lyase) and GLOXDH (glyoxylate dehydrogenase) were also highest in early decay stages. Of great interest was the complete lack of expression of the COP gene on copper-treated wood at any decay stage. The most surprising and significant result is the impact the quat-treatment had on the metabolism of the fungus, and lack of impact of the azole-treatment. This research indicates that it is the quat that provides the greatest inhibition of F. radiculosa, more so than the copper. Based on RNA Seq, the total number of genes that were up- or down-regulated on the coppertreatment was 473, with 293 on the quat-treatment, and 185 on the azole-treatment. There were a number of genes with unknown protein functions highly expressed. These data distinctly show that gene expression profiles of F. radiculosa are altered by different wood preservative compositions and the duration of wood decay. These genes and this data needs further analysis and study in order to meet the long term goal of understanding the mechanism of copper-tolerance in Fibroporia radiculosa.
Download or read book A Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Wood Decay and Copper Tolerance in the Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia Radiculosa written by Juliet Dao-May Tang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown rot fungi are notoriously copper-tolerant, which makes them difficult to control with copper-based wood preservatives. Brown rot fungi are also unique because they have evolved a bilateral strategy for decay. Their initial attack involves the production of hydroxyl free radicals to increase wood porosity, followed by an enzymatic onslaught of glycoside hydrolases that free the sugars locked within cellulose and hemicellulose. Our molecular understanding of these biological processes, however, has been hampered by our limited knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, high-throughput, short-read sequencing was used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the genomics and transcriptomics of wood decay and copper tolerance in the brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa. The results were impressively informative. In the genomic study, the sequences of 9262 genes were predicted and gene function was assigned to 5407 of the genes. An examination of target motifs showed that 1213 of the genes encoded products with extracellular functions. By mining these genomic annotations, 187 genes were identified with putative roles in lignocelluloses degradation and copper tolerance. The transcriptomic study quantified gene expression of the fungus growing on wood treated with a copper-based preservative. At day 31, the fungus was adapting to the preservative, and the wood showed no strength loss. At day 154, the preservative effects were gone, and the fungus was actively degrading the wood, which exhibited 52% strength loss. A total of 917 differentially expressed genes were identified, 108 of which appeared to be regulating wood decay and preservative tolerance. Genes that showed increased expression at day 31 were involved in oxalate metabolism, hydroxyl free radical production by the enzyme laccase, energy production, xenobiotic detoxification, copper resistance, stress response, and pectin degradation. Genes that exhibited higher expression at day 154 were involved in wood polysaccharide degradation, hexose transport, oxalate catabolism, catabolism of laccase substrates, proton reduction, re-modeling the glucan sheath, and shoring up the plasma membrane for acid shock. These newly discovered genes represent a significant step towards accelerating a genome-wide understanding of brown rot decay and tolerance to wood preservatives.
Download or read book Fungi Associated with Principal Decays in Wood Products in the United States written by Catherine G. Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Microbiology written by Robert A. Zabel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Microbiology, Second Edition, presents the latest advances in wood decay and its prevention. Coverage includes classification of fungi and bacteria, factors affecting growth and survival, fungal metabolism, and wood chemistry. There are also chapters that focus on the anatomical aspects, chemical changes, and ultrastructural effects of wood decay. Additionally, this book discusses major issues associated with wood decay, detecting decay, and how to take protective action against it. This is a one-stop reference resource for wood scientists, wood processing and preserving professionals, foresters and forest pathologists, as well as students of forestry, and wood science and technology courses. It is authored by two leading experts with over 80 years of experience working with timber durability. Provides updated taxonomy and classification of decay groups Presents detailed descriptions of anatomical, chemical, and ultrastructural aspects of wood decay Includes discussions on major issues associated with decay, how to detect decay and preventative measures
Download or read book The Effects of Copper Proximity on Oxalate Production in Fibroporia Radiculosa written by Katie M. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper remains a key component used in wood preservatives available today. However, the observed tolerance of several critical wood rotting organisms continues to be problematic. Tolerance to copper has been linked to the production and accumulation of oxalate, which precipitates copper into insoluble copper-oxalate crystals, thus inactivating copper ions. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in oxalate production and decay capacity of four wood decay fungi (three copper-tolerant and one copper-sensitive) exposed to various applications of copper. Three Fibroporia radiculosa isolates and one Gloeophyllum trabeum isolate were subjected to one formulation of copper citrate presented to the test fungi by four different treatments in Southern pine wood blocks for an eight week period. Samples were evaluated for oxalate production and weight loss every two weeks. Two of the copper-tolerant isolates evaded the inhibitory effects of all four copper treatments by week eight. The copper-sensitive organism exhibited some limitations to actively decay blocks in two of the four copper treatments. These findings suggest that proximity to copper citrate, available in any form (i.e. impregnation, direct contact, free liquid or close proximity) generally, had no negative effect on fungal growth, oxalate production, and decay capacity of the copper-tolerant organisms. Results also suggested that the copper-sensitive fungus was restricted in its ability to effectively decay wood when copper was pressure treated or directly added to the surface of wood blocks. This study also suggested that close proximity to copper alone (i.e. not pressure treated) did not completely inhibit decay of the copper-tolerant or copper-sensitive test fungi.
Download or read book Towards Understanding the Biology of Wood Decay written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2Our previous research has focused primarily on ways to identify the wood decay fungi and microbial community. We continue to explore this complex and dynamic community and its interactions through microbial community ecology studies, gene expression interactions and proteomics. However, in order to better understand the mechanisms of fungal decay, we have sequenced the genome of a copper tolerant brown rot fungus, Antrodia radiculosa. To advance our goals, we will be using structural and comparative genomics to identify novel genes and functional genomics and transcriptomics to systematically discover what genes are activated during wood decay under different environmental conditions.S3.
Download or read book Soil contact Decay Tests Using Small Blocks written by Rodney C. DeGroot and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much discussion has been held regarding the merits of laboratory decay tests compared with field tests to evaluate wood preservatives. In this study, procedural aspects of soil jar decay tests with 1 cm 3 blocks were critically examined. Differences among individual bottles were a major source of variation in this method. The reproducibility and sensitivity of the soil-jar method using small blocks must be further characterized before it can be accepted as a standard protocol for evaluating preservative-treated wood.
Download or read book Inhibition of Cellulases of Wood decay Fungi written by Terry L. Highley and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Transformation of Wood by Microorganisms written by W. Liese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the papers presented at the Session on Wood Products Pathology during the 2nd International Congress on Plant Pathology on 10th - 12th September 1973 in Minneapolis/USA. The topics were dealt with under four heads, viz. Interaction of Microorganisms during Wood Decay, Bacterial Degradation of Wood, Decay of Resistant Wood and Enzymatic Mechanisms of Deterioration Process, followed by a Discussion Session on Extension: an obli gation of all Wood Products Pathologists •. Thanks to the cooperation of the authors all the papers could be compiled in this volume. The conference gave an unique possibility to discuss in depth the principles of wood decay by microorganisms from the various angles. The chapters give detailed information on the current progress and problems in wood products pathology. They are therefore collected together in this volume so that people interested in this field will have immediate access to the material and ideas presented. The topic of this Session, the degradation of wood by fungi and bacteria, has become more and more important during the last years. Wood is the only renewable natural resource and raw material of man so that it must be preserved against unwanted deterioration. On the other hand, its natural decomposition does not lead to any harmful products but only to carbondioxide and water. Both aspects have been dealt with in this volume. Hamburg, March 1975 Walter Liese Contributors A.F.BRAVERY, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, U.K.
Download or read book Fungal Decomposition of Wood written by A. D. M. Rayner and published by . This book was released on 1988-09-13 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt to provide a multidisciplinary synthesis of information and principles describing the mechanisms by which wood becomes colonised and decayed by fungi and how these may be studied, controlled and exploited.
Download or read book Wood Degradation and Ligninolytic Fungi written by Mélanie Morel-Rouhier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Degradation and Ligninolytic Fungi, Volume 99 summarizes current knowledge on wood degradation by fungi. Chapters in this new release include Intracellular detoxification strategies of lignolytic fungi, Cell signaling during wood degradation, Evolution of ligninolytic systems in fungi, Diversity and distribution of lignolytic fungi, Fungal catalysts for lignin valorization: applied aspects, Expression of fungal lignocellulolytic genes in the environment, Wood degradation in grapevine disease, Imaging wood degradation, Lignin degradation by ascomycetes, and more. The increasing interest for wood decaying fungi over the past few years has sparked great potential for their use in biomass valorization, their important function in global carbon cycle, and for the damages they can cause on wood materials, hence this new release includes updates on these and related topics. Based on recent research and genomic data Presents the multidisciplinary aspects of wood degradation Deals with regulation and adaptation of fungi in the complex environment of wood
Download or read book Illustrated Genera of Wood Decay Fungi written by Charles L. Fergus and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chronicles of Fibroporia Radiculosa written by Carol A. Clausen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brown-rot fungus, Fibroporia radiculosa, has been included in numerous research studies because many isolates of this fungus demonstrate an unusually high tolerance to copper. This fungus has undergone several recognized changes in taxonomic nomenclature, and through DNA technology, scientists have correctly identified isolates that had been misidentified microscopically. Fibroporia radiculosa is not uncommon. In fact, the isolation and prevalence of Fibroporia radiculosa has been documented by mycologists since the 1930s, but the mechanism of copper tolerance remains a mystery. Here, we look at the history of research involving Fibroporia radiculosa and trace the changes in taxonomic nomenclature.
Download or read book Population Biology of Common and Rare Wood decay Fungi written by Nils Högberg and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Serpula Lacrymans the Dry Rot Fungus and Tolerance Towards Copper based Wood Preservatives written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biopulping written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
