Download or read book Galaxy Evolution as Seen by Herschel written by Zhiyuan Ma (Ph.D. in Physics) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unprecedented Herschel data have revolutionized our view of the IR universe, providing new insights to galaxy formation and evolution. However, the Herschel data are still far away from being fully explored, mainly due to three reasons. First, in most of the Herschel wide fields, we are still lacking ancillary data even in the optical/near-IR, which prevents us from doing any follow-up analysis. Second, even in the few fields that have sufficient ancillary data in various archives, there is no homogeneous reduction such that the data can be readily used. Third, but not the least, the long-standing problem of poor spatial resolution in FIR/sub-mm observations severely limits our capability of counterpart identification, and hence creates tremendous obstacles in obtaining redshifts, modeling the spectral energy distributions, deriving star formation rates, etc. In this thesis, I present our approach to attack these problems. My basic task is to establish a methodology that can be applied to all the Herschel wide-field survey data, with the science goal of constructing the largest, well-defined sample of highredshift Ultra-Luminous InfarRed Galaxies (ULIRGs) whose optical-to-far-IR SEDs are accurately measured. We first conduct a comprehensive search of the available archival optical data in the public domain. Moreover, we have been conducting our own deep optical survey, Mizzou WIYN Survey, to observe those fields that lack full range optical data coverage. To facilitate the data reduction process, I have developed APUS, a pipeline building and management tool that offers great repeatability, scalability, and maintainability. With this tool, we can reduce all these data in a uniform manner and create deep optical mosaics. To combat the problem of poor spatial resolution in the Herschel data, we have developed a source de-blending algorithm, which I have implemented as a software tool called CIDer. Using this tool, we can extract the major contributors to the FIR fluxes based on the position priors from the high-resolution optical data. Treating all the Herschel wide-field data is obviously beyond the scope of an individual thesis. Therefore, my thesis mainly focuses on one field, namely the "First Look Survey" field. As the first study case, we compiled and reduced the full-range multi-wavelength data in this field, and constructed the panchromatic SEDs from optical to FIR using CIDer. The redshifts of the sources were found to be ranging from z = 0 to ~ 3. We derived the total IR luminosities by fitting modified black body model or starbursting templates, which are found to be ranges from 3 x 10[superscript 10] to ~ 10[superscript 13] L[SYMBOL]_ after taking into account the cut to ensure reliability of the CIDer result. On the L[subscript IR]-T plane, the sources show the similar turning over behavior as in our previous study Yan & Ma (2016), implies a limited size of the dust star forming sites. Also presented in the thesis is our earlier work on the Herschel-detected SDSS quasars. The project was conducted before we have the CIDer to obtain the fullrange SEDs and thereby the redshifts. Instead, we aimed at the quasars, which we can measure the redshift spectroscopically and to a high redshift. In the project, it is found that the Herschel-detected quasars are mostly ULIRGs, and are forming stars very actively. This implies the co-evolution of extreme AGNs and star formation.
Download or read book Galaxy Evolution in the William Herschel Deep Field written by Henry Joy McCracken and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unveiling Galaxies written by Jean-René Roy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought provoking study of the powerful impact of images in guiding astronomers' understanding of galaxies through time.
Download or read book Secular Evolution of Galaxies written by Jesús Falcón-Barroso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation and evolution of galaxies is one of the most important topics in modern astrophysics. Secular evolution refers to the relatively slow dynamical evolution due to internal processes induced by a galaxy's spiral arms, bars, galactic winds, black holes and dark matter haloes. It plays an important role in the evolution of spiral galaxies with major consequences for galactic bulges, the transfer of angular momentum, and the distribution of a galaxy's constituent stars, gas and dust. This internal evolution is in turn the key to understanding and testing cosmological models of galaxy formation and evolution. Based on the twenty-third Winter School of the Canary Islands Institute of Astrophysics, this volume presents reviews from nine world-renowned experts on the observational and theoretical research into secular processes, and what these processes can tell us about the structure and formation of galaxies. The volume provides a firm grounding for graduate students and early career researchers working on galactic dynamics and galaxy evolution.
Download or read book A Statistical and Multi wavelength Study of Star Formation in Galaxies written by Corentin Schreiber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a pioneering method for gleaning the maximum information from the deepest images of the far-infrared universe obtained with the Herschel satellite, reaching galaxies fainter by an order of magnitude than in previous studies. Using these high-quality measurements, the author first demonstrates that the vast majority of galaxy star formation did not take place in merger-driven starbursts over 90% of the history of the universe, which suggests that galaxy growth is instead dominated by a steady infall of matter. The author further demonstrates that massive galaxies suffer a gradual decline in their star formation activity, providing an alternative path for galaxies to stop star formation. One of the key unsolved questions in astrophysics is how galaxies acquired their mass in the course of cosmic time. In the standard theory, the merging of galaxies plays a major role in forming new stars. Then, old galaxies abruptly stop forming stars through an unknown process. Investigating this theory requires an unbiased measure of the star formation intensity of galaxies, which has been unavailable due to the dust obscuration of stellar light.
Download or read book Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology written by Peter Schneider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition has been updated and substantially expanded. Starting with the description of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, this cogently written textbook introduces the reader to the astronomy of galaxies, their structure, active galactic nuclei, evolution and large scale distribution in the Universe. After an extensive and thorough introduction to modern observational and theoretical cosmology, the focus turns to the formation of structures and astronomical objects in the early Universe. The basics of classical astronomy and stellar astrophysics needed for extragalactic astronomy are provided in the appendix. While this book has grown out of introductory university courses on astronomy and astrophysics and includes a set of problems and solutions, it will not only benefit undergraduate students and lecturers; thanks to the comprehensive coverage of the field, even graduate students and researchers specializing in related fields will appreciate it as a valuable reference work.
Download or read book Galaxies at High Redshift and their Evolution over Cosmic Time IAU S319 written by Sugata Kaviraj and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IAU Symposium 319 was the largest galaxy evolution meeting at the IAU General Assembly in 2015. This volume presents a summary of the current state of the art in galaxy evolution studies, and provides a perspective on future large spectro-photometric surveys which will become available in the next decade. Topics covered include the emergence of galaxies and their constituent black holes during the first few billion years, the evolving interstellar medium as seen through modern instrumentation like Herschel, Planck and ALMA, and a look ahead to future ground- and space-based instruments that will become the workhorse facilities of the next decade, such as JWST and the SKA precursors. This volume will appeal to those who are interested in the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time, as well as those who are active in developing, or on the science teams for, new astronomical instrumentation.
Download or read book Star Formation Rates of Galaxies written by Andreas Zezas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Star-formation is one of the key processes that shape the current state and evolution of galaxies. This volume provides a comprehensive presentation of the different methods used to measure the intensity of recent or on-going star-forming activity in galaxies, discussing their advantages and complications in detail. It includes a thorough overview of the theoretical underpinnings of star-formation rate indicators, including topics such as stellar evolution and stellar spectra, the stellar initial mass function, and the physical conditions in the interstellar medium. The authors bring together in one place detailed and comparative discussions of traditional and new star-formation rate indicators, star-formation rate measurements in different spatial scales, and comparisons of star-formation rate indicators probing different stellar populations, along with the corresponding theoretical background. This is a useful reference for students and researchers working in the field of extragalactic astrophysics and studying star-formation in local and higher-redshift galaxies.
Download or read book The Composition of the Universe The Evolution of Stars and Galaxies written by Rachel Keranen and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within galaxies, stars grow from clouds of gas and dust, shine brilliantly, and die stunning deaths. The Composition of the Universe: The Evolution of Stars and Galaxies traces the lives of stars and also the lives of famous scientists like Edwin Hubble, Albert Einstein, and Henrietta Leavitt. Closely aligned to Next Generation Science Standards, the book demonstrates how technology and scientific ideas evolve over time, just like the universe itself.
Download or read book Galaxy Formation and Evolution written by Houjun Mo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A coherent introduction for researchers in astronomy, particle physics, and cosmology on the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Download or read book Galactic Encounters written by William Sheehan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by William Sheehan, a noted historian of astronomy, and Christopher J. Conselice, a professional astronomer specializing in galaxies in the early universe, this book tells the story of how astronomers have pieced together what is known about the vast and complicated systems of stars and dust known as galaxies. The first galaxies appeared as violently disturbed exotic objects when the Universe was only a few 100 million years old. From that tortured beginning, they have evolved though processes of accretion, merging and star formation into the majestic spirals and massive ellipticals that dominate our local part of the Universe. This of course includes the Milky Way, to which the Sun and Solar System belong; it is our galactic home, and the only galaxy we will ever know from the inside. Sheehan and Conselice show how astronomers’ understanding has grown from the early catalogs of Charles Messier and William Herschel; developed through the pioneering efforts of astronomers like E.E. Barnard, V.M. Slipher, Henrietta Leavitt, Edwin Hubble and W.W. Morgan; and finally is reaching fruition in cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope that can see back to nearly the beginning of the Universe. By combining archival research that reveals fascinating details about the personalities, rivalries and insights of the astronomers who created extragalactic astronomy with the latest data gleaned from a host of observa tions, the authors provide a view of galaxies – and their place in our understanding of the Universe – as they have never been seen before.
Download or read book Galaxies at High Redshift and Their Evolution Over Cosmic Time written by International Astronomical Union. Symposium and published by . This book was released on with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IAU Symposium 319 was the largest galaxy evolution meeting at the IAU General Assembly in 2015. This volume presents a summary of the current state of the art in galaxy evolution studies, and provides a perspective on future large spectro-photometric surveys which will become available in the next decade. Topics covered include the emergence of galaxies and their constituent black holes during the first few billion years, the evolving interstellar medium as seen through modern instrumentation like Herschel, Planck and ALMA, and a look ahead to future ground- and space-based instruments that will become the workhorse facilities of the next decade, such as JWST and the SKA precursors. This volume will appeal to those who are interested in the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time, as well as those who are active in developing, or on the science teams for, new astronomical instrumentation. -- Publisher description.
Download or read book The Discovery of Cosmic Voids written by Laird A. Thompson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large-scale structure of the Universe is dominated by vast voids with galaxies clustered in knots, sheets, and filaments, forming a great 'cosmic web'. In this personal account of the major astronomical developments leading to this discovery, we learn from Laird A. Thompson, a key protagonist, how the first 3D maps of galaxies were created. Using non-mathematical language, he introduces the standard model of cosmology before explaining how and why ideas about cosmic voids evolved, referencing the original maps, reproduced here. His account tells of the competing teams of observers, racing to publish their results, the theorists trying to build or update their models to explain them, and the subsequent large-scale survey efforts that continue to the present day. This is a well-documented account of the birth of a major pillar of modern cosmology, and a useful case study of the trials surrounding how this scientific discovery became accepted.
Download or read book Inventing a Space Mission written by Vincent Minier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes prominent technological achievements within a very successful space science mission: the Herschel space observatory. Focusing on the various processes of innovation it offers an analysis and discussion of the social, technological and scientific context of the mission that paved the way to its development. It addresses the key question raised by these processes in our modern society, i.e.: how knowledge management of innovation set the conditions for inventing the future? In that respect the book is based on a transdisciplinary analysis of the programmatic complexity of Herschel, with inputs from space scientists, managers, philosophers, and engineers. This book is addressed to decision makers, not only in space science, but also in other industries and sciences using or building large machines. It is also addressed to space engineers and scientists as well as students in science and management.
Download or read book Morphology Kinematics and Star Formation Across the Hubble Sequence of Galaxies written by Santiago Erroz-Ferrer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-21 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses the evolution of galaxies through the study of the morphology, kinematics, and star formation properties of a sample of nearby galaxies. The main body of the thesis describes the kinematic observations with the GHaFAS Fabry-Perot instrument on the William Herschel Telescope of a sample of 29 spiral galaxies. The work is closely related to the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies, and uses the mid-infrared data of that survey to determine key parameters of the galaxies studied. From these data, important results are obtained on streaming and other non-circular motions in galaxies, on the distribution and rates of star formation, and on how correlations of these parameters and of the rotation curve shape with basic galaxy parameters yield clues on the evolutionary processes taking place in disk galaxies.
Download or read book Introduction to Galaxy Formation and Evolution written by Andrea Cimatti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of nearly fourteen billion years of galaxy formation and evolution, from primordial gas to present-day galaxies.
Download or read book Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution Since Z 2 written by Drew Grinnell Brisbin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our recent studies in galaxy evolution have revealed a surprising new paradigm of star formation. Contrary to the notion that major mergers play an increasingly dominant role going backwards in cosmic history, we find that over the last ~10 Gyr, much of star formation has been fueled by accreting cold gas from the cosmic web. Accretion rates were presumably larger in the past, so star forming systems may have very different properties in the early Universe and today. Large scale astronomical surveys, such as the Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) have provided a wealth of extragalactic data covering a statistically large number of sources. Targeted, niche surveys, like our fine structure line survey of star forming galaxies in the early Universe observed with the redshift (z) Early Universe Spectrometer (ZEUS) have provided detailed observations of high interest sources. We have made use of this diverse set of data to study galaxy evolution from the epoch of peak star formation at z=1-2 up to the present. Data from HerMES is a reliable probe of infrared emission, particularly useful for characterizing the far infrared dust peak, and therefore determining star formation rates out to redshifts of a few. Deep integrations with the Herschel SPIRE photometer rapidly reach the confusion limit, tempering its utility in studying faint high redshift galaxies. With appropriate care taken to identify blended sources, however, HerMES data is useful in identifying bright, red- shifted, star forming sources. We have compiled spectral energy distributions from HerMES and ancillary data and found that, even sources at high redshift are well fit by local star forming galaxy templates. In the local Universe, spectroscopic SDSS data has allowed us to estimate crucial galaxy properties on ~105 sources, providing an opportunity to observe general statistical trends, and constrain theories of galaxy evolution. A toy model of cold flow accretion powered star formation reproduces the observed fundamental plane of galaxy stellar mass, metallicity, and star formation for small and medium mass galaxies. Our fine structure line survey with ZEUS detected the [CII] 157.7 [MICRO SIGN]m line in eight galaxies from the epoch of peak star formation at z=1-2. We augmented this survey with observations of the [OI] 63 [MICRO SIGN]m line and far infrared photometry from Herschel, as well as Spitzer IRS spectra from the literature. Most of our sources have higher than average gas heating efficiency with L[CII] /LF IR 10[-]2 . We interpret the majority of them as being dominated by star formation powered PDRs, extending to kpc scales. In two sources there is evidence for enhanced [CII] emission due to heating by low velocity shocks. These findings are consistent with a picture of gas accretion fueling star formation on a near galaxy-wide scale. In synthesizing this data we find a remarkable consistency in the nature of star formation over the last 10 Gyr. In contrast with the model of sustained hierarchical merging, we find that star formation since z~2 is fueled largely by cold flow accretion of gas from the cosmic web, which presents itself as moderate density star formation with correspondingly moderate UV fields.
