Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors in Immune Response and Regulation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immune Response and Regulation, Volume 136 presents emerging concepts related to the role of GPCRs in immune response and regulation. Users will find updated chapters on a variety of topics, including Beta-adrenergic signaling in the onset and progression of asthma, the Emerging roles of Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins in the immune system, information on Kinin receptors in immune response and pathogenic infections, and sections on GPCR signaling in C. elegans and its implications in immune response, GPCR Kinases in Inflammatory response and signaling, and GRK2 in Inflammation: Regulation of T cell receptors and IgE signaling. Chapters in this book discuss not only the well-known aspects of GPCR signaling in immunology, but also presents many emerging paradigms that have not yet been reported in classical textbooks. Each chapter presents a forward-looking discussion, providing a glimpse of the tremendous potential associated with the specific receptor systems discussed. Brings together contributions from leading experts in the area of GPCR biology Discusses current paradigms and the future potential of understanding GPCR signaling in immune response and regulation Presents the first of its kind book to focus on specific GPCR systems in various aspects of immunology, all brought together in one volume

Download or read book Combinatorial Depletions of G protein Coupled Receptor Kinases in Immune Cells Identify Pleiotropic and Cell Type specific Functions written by Katharina M. Glaser and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) participate in the regulation of chemokine receptors by mediating receptor desensitization. They can be recruited to agonist-activated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and phosphorylate their intracellular parts, which eventually blocks signal propagation and often induces receptor internalization. However, there is growing evidence that GRKs can also control cellular functions beyond GPCR regulation. Immune cells commonly express two to four members of the GRK family (GRK2, GRK3, GRK5, GRK6) simultaneously, but we have very limited knowledge about their interplay in primary immune cells. In particular, we are missing comprehensive studies comparing the role of this GRK interplay for (a) multiple GPCRs within one leukocyte type, and (b) one specific GPCR between several immune cell subsets. To address this issue, we generated mouse models of single, combinatorial and complete GRK knockouts in four primary immune cell types (neutrophils, T cells, B cells and dendritic cells) and systematically addressed the functional consequences on GPCR-controlled cell migration and tissue localization. Our study shows that combinatorial depletions of GRKs have pleiotropic and cell-type specific effects in leukocytes, many of which could not be predicted. Neutrophils lacking all four GRK family members show increased chemotactic migration responses to a wide range of GPCR ligands, whereas combinatorial GRK depletions in other immune cell types lead to pro- and anti-migratory responses. Combined depletion of GRK2 and GRK6 in T cells and B cells shows distinct functional outcomes for (a) one GPCR type in different cell types, and (b) different GPCRs in one cell type. These GPCR-type and cell-type specific effects reflect in altered lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro and localization in vivo. Lastly, we provide evidence that complete GRK deficiency impairs dendritic cell homeostasis, which unexpectedly results from defective dendritic cell differentiation and maturation in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings demonstrate the complexity of GRK functions in immune cells, which go beyond GPCR desensitization in specific leukocyte types. Furthermore, they highlight the need for studying GRK functions in primary immune cells to address their specific roles in each leukocyte subset

Download or read book Regulation of G Protein coupled Receptor Function and Expression written by Jeffrey L. Benovic and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text describes many techniques that are used to define the molecular mechanisms involved in receptor regulation. It covers a broad range of important concepts and methodologies in the study of G protein-coupled receptors.

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-12 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Part A, Volume 193 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, highlights new advances in the field. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface proteins with an intricate involvement of nearly every physiological process in our body. Approximately, one third of the clinically prescribed medicines target GPCRs and the quest to improve the exiting GPCR-targeting therapeutics continues. These two volumes are focused on activation, signaling and regulation of GPCRs with specific examples of receptor systems and cellular processes. Covers a broad range of topics related to GPCR activation and signaling Covers several receptor systems with an emphasis on emerging paradigms Covers different processes and model systems with a focus on GPCRs

Download or read book Regulation of Immune Receptor Functional Responses by G Protein coupled Receptor Kinases GRKs and Arrestins written by Stefania Pasqua Mariggió and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Part B, 2nd Edition, Volume 149, the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers Optical Approaches for Visualization of Arrestin Binding to Muscarinic Receptors, Luciferase Reporter Assay for Unlocking Ligand-mediated Signaling of GPCRs, Assays to Measure GPCR Dependent Cellular Migration, Characterization of the Frizzled GPCRs, Binding Assays for Bradykinin and Angiotensin Receptors, Detection of Misfolded Rhodopsin Aggregates in Cells, Measuring GPCR Ubiquitination and Trafficking, Culture of Primary Neurons and its Use in Studying GPCR Trafficking, and much more. Covers the increasingly appreciated cell biology field of G-protein-coupled receptors Includes both established and new technologies Contributed by experts in the field

Download or read book Protein Kinase mediated Decisions Between Life and Death written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information. Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book The Importance of G Protein Signaling in Immune Cell Function A Novel Role for Active G i in Cell Adhesion and Migration and the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting G in Inflammation written by Jesi Lee Anne To and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemotaxis is the directional movement of cells towards a gradient of chemoattractant such as chemokines. Chemokines are small peptides secreted by various cell types and play a role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. These molecules bind to their cognate receptors, which belong to the Class A, rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Downstream effects orchestrated by chemokines include directional migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proliferation, and survival. Chemokine receptors primarily couple to the Gi/o family of G? proteins. Their activation triggers dissociation of the heterotrimeric G protein, G? and G?? dimer. The role of G?? in chemokine signaling is well established as it regulates multiple downstream effectors critical to cell migration such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3K?), phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger (P-Rex), p21 activated kinase/PAK-interacting exchange factor alpha (PAK/PIX?), and Ras-associating and diluted domain-containing protein (Radil). However, the role of G?i in chemokine signaling is less understood and is thought to only regulate G?? availability and signaling through their association and disassociation cycle. Here we show that both G?i-GTP and G?? signaling are pivotal to cell migration. We also provide evidence for a novel role of G?i-GTP in regulating cell adhesion and migration. Using a small molecule inhibitor of G?? to inhibit migration, we show its anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential against lupus nephritis. Recently, our lab uncovered a novel role for G?i-GTP signaling in neutrophil adhesion through a cAMP-independent pathway. To discover the mechanism for G?i-GTP regulation of adhesion, we used a constitutively active Rap1a(G12V) and its downstream effector Radil to drive adhesion of neutrophil-like HL-60 and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. A G??-Rap1a-Radil complex is known to drive cell adhesion and migration of these cell types. We found that expression of constitutively active G?i1(Q204L) reversed both Rap1a(G12V) and Radil mediated adhesion, suggesting that G?i-GTP regulates adhesion downstream of Rap1a and Radil. Furthermore, Rap1a and Radil reduced migration of HT1080 cells, which is reversed by G?i1(Q204L) expression. These data identify a novel role for G?i-GTP in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple chemokines play a role in propagating inflammation and are associated with lupus nephritis pathogenesis by orchestrating immune cell migration toward the kidneys. The chemokine/receptor system has vast and promiscuous properties as one chemokine can bind to multiple receptors and one receptor can bind to more than one ligand. Therefore, valid targeting of individual chemokine receptors associated with a disease may be challenging and display poor efficacy. We used a well-studied G?? inhibitor, gallein, to study its therapeutic potential in alleviating lupus nephritis. Gallein inhibited PI3K?-mediated PIP3 production in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells and inhibited chemotaxis of primary neutrophils and T-cells in response to chemokines. Gallein treatment significantly reduced renal inflammation and proteinuria in NZB/NZW lupus mice. This study illustrates the therapeutic potential of G?? inhibitors against chronic inflammation. Our laboratory has identified a novel small molecule inhibitor of G?? called ellagic acid. Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound and that has anti-inflammatory properties. Our evidence showed ellagic acid directly binding to G?? and inhibited downstream G?? signaling. It significantly blocked N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) chemotactic peptide-induced intracellular calcium release and weakly inhibited G??-mediated phospholipase C ?2 (PLC?2) activation in vitro compared to gallein and peptide SIGKAFKILGYPDYD (SIGK). Ellagic acid also inhibited fMLP-induced PI3K?mediated membrane phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) production, superoxide production, and migration of neutrophil-like HL60 cells. In this study, we identified ellagic acid as a small molecule inhibitor of G?? signaling in neutrophil-like cells and was sufficient to inhibit chemotaxis. This thesis work focuses on the overall importance of G protein signaling in GPCRmediated chemokine signaling and immune cell function. Both G?i and G?? are important mediators of GPCR-mediated chemokine signaling and immune cell function. Furthermore, our studies provide insights into the novel role of G?i in adhesion and migration of both immune cells and cancer cells. Chemokines are not only important during inflammation, but also contribute to the metastatic potential of cancer cells. We illustrate the importance of G?i and G?? in immune cell function such as adhesion and cell migration and we show alleviation of inflammatory lupus nephritis by inhibiting G?? signaling.

Download or read book The G Protein Coupled Receptors Handbook written by Lakshmi A. Devi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the many recent advances in the field of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The authors describe the current knowledge of GPCR receptor structure and function, the different mechanisms involved in the regulation of GPCR function, and the role of pharmacological chaperones in GPCR folding and maturation. They also present new findings about how GPCR dimerization/oligomerization modifies the properties of individual receptors and show how recent developments are leading to significant advances in drug discovery, such as the detection of ligands for orphan GPCRs. Also discussed are the most recent developments that could lead to new drug discoveries: the role of GPCRs in mediating pain, the development of receptor-type selective drugs based on the structural plasticity of receptor activation, and the identification of natural ligands of orphan GPCRs (deorphanization) as possible drug targets.

Download or read book Neuromorphic Olfaction written by Krishna C. Persaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Signaling, Trafficking, and Regulation, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, and includes sections on such topics signaling, trafficking and regulation. Covers the increasingly appreciated cell biology field of G-protein-coupled receptors Includes both established and new technologies Contributed by experts in the field Covers topics such as signaling, trafficking, and regulation

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G Protein Coupled Receptors, Second Edition, Volume 143, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. It contains a wide array of topics about the G protein coupled receptors, as well as updates of chapters from the first edition. Contains contributions from experts in the field from across the world Covers a wide array of topics on G protein coupled receptors Includes analysis based topics

Download or read book Store Operated Calcium Channels written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Store-operated calcium channels are found in most animal cells and regulate many cellular functions including cell division, growth, differentiation, and cell death. This volume provides a concise and informative overview of the principles of store-operated calcium entry and the key developments in the field from researchers who have led these advances. The overall goal of the volume is to provide interested students and investigators with sufficient information to enable a broad understanding of the progress and current excitement in the field. The volume contains a wealth of information that even experienced investigators in the field will find useful. The volume provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of store-operated calcium channels Contributors are authoritative researchers who have produced important advances in the field The volume is well-illustrated with cartoons and data to facilitate easy comprehension of the subject

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by Sandra Siehler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of recent discoveries and current understandings of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent advances include the first mammalian non-rhodopsin GPCR structures and reconstitution of purified GPCRs into membrane discs for defined studies, novel signaling features including oligomerization, and advances in understanding the complex ligand pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs, in new assay technologies and drug targeting. The authors take time to detail the importance of the pathophysiological function and drug targeting of GPCRs, specifically β-adrenoceptors in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabotropic glutamate receptors in CNS disorders, S1P receptors in the immune system, and Wnt/Frizzled receptors in osteoporosis. This book will be invaluable to researchers and graduate students in academia and industry who are interested in the GPCR field.

Download or read book Adhesion G Protein coupled Receptors written by Tobias Langenhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latest research on Adhesion GPCRs has unearthed surprising revelations about the events that govern the signal transduction of these receptor molecules and the cellular and organ requirements for these signals. Unexpected and unprecedented findings suggest that Adhesion GPCRs constitute a group of receptors that sense mechanical stimuli and transcode them into metabotropic signals through the action of a novel activation paradigm. Interdisciplinary efforts transcending many areas of biomedical research including pharmacology, physiology, genetics, cell biology, structural biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics were necessary to unveil these fundamental properties. The scientific leaders in the field that carried this research effort have teamed up here to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding, how Adhesion GPCRs signal and how these receptors shape organ structure and function.

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery written by Kenneth H. Lundstrom and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-07-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad range of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) encompasses all areas of modern medicine and have an enormous impact on the process of drug development. Using disease-oriented methods to cover everything from screening to expression and crystallization, G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery describes the physiological roles of GPCRs

Download or read book GPCR Signaling in Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GPCR Signaling in Cancer, Volume 145, the latest release in the Advances in Cancer Research series, highlights recent developments in the area of GPCRs and cancer biology. Chapters included in this volume cover several GPCRs and their downstream effectors as case examples to highlight their fundamental understanding and therapeutic potential. Specific chapters address the Role of GRKs and beta-arrestins in cancer, Atypical GPCRs in cancer, the Role of a chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 in cancer, Targeting G protein-coupled receptors for therapeutics in cancer, Emerging GPCR signaling pathways in cancer, and more. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of cell surface receptors which are involved in nearly every cellular and physiological event. These receptors can recognize a broad array of ligands and they are targeted by nearly one third of the currently prescribed drugs including anti-cancer therapeutics. Covers the latest concepts in GPCR signaling and their relevancy to cancer biology Presents new indications for anti-cancer therapeutic programs Includes sections on cross-talk and signaling networks of GPCRs and effectors in molecular oncology and therapeutics