Download or read book Probability Modeling and Statistical Inference in Cancer Screening written by Dongfeng Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer screening has been carried out for six decades – however, there are many unsolved problems: how to estimate key parameters involved in screenings, such as sensitivity, the time duration in the preclinical state (i.e., sojourn time), and time duration in the disease-free state; how to estimate the distribution of lead time, the diagnosis time advanced by screening; how to evaluate the long-term outcomes of screening, including the probability of overdiagnosis among the screen-detected; when to schedule the first exam based on one’s current age and risk tolerance; and when to schedule the upcoming exam based on one’s screening history, age, and risk tolerance. These problems need proper probability models and statistical methods in order to be dealt with. Features: This book gives a concise account of the analysis of cancer screening data, using probability models and statistical methods. Real data sets are provided so that cancer researchers and statisticians can apply the methods in the learning process. It develops statistical methods in the commonly used disease progressive model. It provides solutions to practical problems and introduces open problems. It provides a framework for the most recent developments based on the author’s research. The book is primarily aimed at researchers and practitioners from biostatistics and cancer research. Readers should have the prerequisite knowledge of calculus, probability, and statistical inference. The book could be used as a one-semester textbook on the topic of cancer screening methodology for a graduate-level course.

Download or read book Screening for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than five decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection (SSI). Despite the adoption of infection-control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most U.S. hospitals steadily increased for many years, but it is now decreasing. While the decrease in the incidence of MRSA infection may be due to efforts to screen for MRSA carriage, it may also be due to secular trends (such as efforts to improve patient safety) and to confounders (such as efforts to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics and to decrease healthcare-associated infections in general, including catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and SSI). A number of analyses suggest that MRSA infections are associated with increased mortality and cost of care when compared with those due to strains that are susceptible to methicillin. Even the availability of newer pharmaceutical agents with specific activity against MRSA has not ameliorated the challenge of caring for patients with MRSA. The widespread use of these agents has been limited, in part due to toxicity, cost, and uncertainty as to optimal indications. The management and control of MRSA have been further complicated by dramatic changes in the epidemiology of transmission and infection observed over the past two decades. Specifically, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin, once exclusively linked to hospital care, have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection. Community-acquired MRSA has been linked to outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities. Conventional strategies for the control of MRSA have focused on the prevention of spread from patient to patient. The effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA has been demonstrated in observational studies in which hand hygiene promotion campaigns were associated with subsequent reductions in the incidence of MRSA among hospitalized patients. While hand hygiene remains important in the effort to control MRSA transmission, the continued spread of the pathogen after its initial introduction in most facilities has prompted efforts to identify additional strategies. The use of contact isolation-including the donning of gowns and gloves when interacting with patients colonized or infected with MRSA and the assignment of such patients to single rooms or to a room with a group of affected patients-has been widely promoted and adopted. Such isolation precautions now are the centerpiece of most authoritative guidelines for MRSA control. Despite the broad consensus associated with the use of contact isolation for MRSA prevention, the specific evidence in support of this practice remains limited and indirect. The objective of this review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients, as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations, and compared them with no screening or with screening of selected patient populations. The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies that included screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization.

Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Screening For Good Health written by Dr Kerry Kirke and published by Melbourne Univ. Publishing. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Screening for Good Health is a practical guide to help you make sense of the hundreds of health messages that we are bombarded with each year. Whether or not there is a family history of a particular illness, screening and immunisation are smart, simple steps anyone can take to counter preventable diseases. Prepared by experts in their field, Screening for Good Health gives an overview of the stages in life, the screening tests and immunisations that are relevant to each age bracket, and the importance of your own record-keeping. An alphabetical listing covers every illness from Alzheimer’s Disease through to Osteoporosis to Tuberculosis. For each preventable illness, the entry provides up-to-date information on: - its symptoms - risk factors - disease progression - protective lifestyle choices an individual may consider - the screening tests available - the health services at your disposal, and - the treatment available. Also included is a comprehensive travel health section, with a convenient checklist covering all aspects of health protection during travel, and a first-aid guide.

Download or read book DHEW Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Human Genetics written by Harry Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Futures Thinking and Organizational Policy written by Deborah A. Schreiber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes that organizational policies are what ensure the institutionalization and sustainability of futures thinking in organizations. It presents several case studies from corporations and other institutions that describe effective use of foresight methods and internal policies to respond to rapid change. The case studies address changing trends in technology, globalization and/or workforce diversity, and the impact on the economic and political well-being of the organization. The editors also develop an organizational capability maturity model for futures thinking as well as providing questions for discussion that promote critical review of each case chapter. This book will inform scholars and organizational leaders how best to utilize foresight methodologies and organizational policies to sustain successful management strategies within futures thinking organizations. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Medical Professional Liability and the Delivery of Obstetrical Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of an overall look at the "malpractice crisis" sheds fresh light on the civil justice and insurance systems, medical liability issues, and their combined effect on health care for mothers and children. Topics include the liability implications of the rising rate of Cesarean sections, an evaluation of the American Medical Association's proposed alternative to the justice system for resolving medical liability disputes, and a review of legislative proposals under consideration.

Download or read book Public Health Tools for Practicing Psychologists written by Jalie A Tucker and published by Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people in need of behavioral health measures or psychotherapy do not seek clinical care and are simply not being "reached" by current practices and services. This book shows psychologists how to integrate public health tools into psychological practice – and so better meet today's demands for effective and cost-effective therapeutic and preventive care. Readers learn about intervention approaches, how they work and for what populations, and how clinical treatment fits into such a scheme. The goal is to complement and expand current clinical and psychotherapeutic approaches, reaching more people in need with services that vary in scope and intensity based on their needs and preferences. This "integrated behavioral health care" approach maintains a degree of individualization while finding "teachable moments" for behavior change interventions, enhancing motivation for change, and making use of print, telephone, and computer dissemination strategies. This clearly structured book provides practice suggestions and examples for incorporating a public health approach into clinical work, as well as useful appendices to help expand these applications. It is both compelling reading for those already in clinical practice and an ideal text for courses on behavioral health problems and strategies to promote behavior change.

Download or read book The Hereditary Basis of Childhood Cancer written by David Malkin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume elaborates on the research and clinical implications of the hereditary and molecular basis of childhood cancers. The focus of the ‘disease-related’ chapters of the book is to integrate what is known about the molecular basis of that particular clinical entity (or group of related entities) with the clinical manifestations, to relate the relationship of the molecular oncologic pathways with relevant developmental or non-human species biology in order to better understand the complexity of these systems. The resulting clinical implications of understanding this biology are elaborated on. Chapters 13-16 discuss the broader psychosocial, ethical and genetic counseling issues that arise and that are so critical to translating the knowledge gained from advances in molecular genetics into the clinic. Chapter 12 in particular provides a unique perspective of the application of this knowledge in less-developed nations where ‘modern’ technologies may not be readily available, but where the clinical manifestations of these disorders are prevalent.

Download or read book Sustainable Engineering written by and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Engineering: Concepts and Practices provides insights into current perspectives on sustainable engineering research. It highlights the drivers, motivations, and challenges affecting the development and adoption of sustainable engineering in various sectors of the economy and how they impact sustainable development. Contributions from researchers representing multiple branches of engineering in academia, government laboratories, and industry present alternative approaches to traditional engineering practices. These approaches effect change, making the design, construction, production, and management of products, processes, and systems more environmentally friendly, socially beneficial, and economically profitable. The book will be a trusted reference for graduate students, practicing engineers, and other professionals interested in developing or using sustainable products and systems. Provides insights into current perspectives on sustainable engineering research and practices; Offers in-depth coverage of Industry 4.0, the circular economy, and lifecycle sustainability assessment (LCSA); Looks at the current state of education in sustainable engineering.

Download or read book Hiring Practices of the U S Postal Service written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Government Information, Justice, and Agriculture Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral Medicine written by Andrew Steptoe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral medicine emerged in the 1970s as the interdisciplinary field concerned with the integration of behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical science knowledge relevant to the understanding of health and illness, and the application of this knowledge to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Recent years have witnessed an enormous diversification of behavioral medicine, with new sciences (such as genetics, life course epidemiology) and new technologies (such as neuroimaging) coming into play. This book brings together such new developments by providing an up-to-date compendium of methods and applications drawn from the broad range of behavioral medicine research and practice. The book is divided into 10 sections that address key fields in behavioral medicine. Each section begins with one or two methodological or conceptual chapters, followed by contributions that address substantive topics within that field. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, HIV/AIDs, and obesity are explored from multiple perspectives. The aim is to present behavioral medicine as an integrative discipline, involving diverse methodologies and paradigms that converge on health and well being.

Download or read book Pathology of the Ovary Fallopian Tube and Peritoneum written by Nafisa Wilkinson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2014 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zusammenfassung: This heavily revised second edition in the Essentials of Diagnostic Gynecological Pathology series covers the anatomy, development, histology and normal function of the ovary. Detailed descriptions of non-neoplastic disorders of the ovary; surgery and medical management of ovarian cancer; and the use of imaging, frozen sections and cytology in ovarian pathology is discussed. The work also describes specific disorders of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum. New chapters cover the latest technologies in relevant imaging techniques along with the application of molecular techniques in diagnostic and management practices. Pathology of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Peritoneum has been written to be useful diagnostically to general as well as specialist gynecological histopathologists and pathologists in training. Gynecologists, oncologists, genitourinary physicians and cancer nurse specialists will find expert insights here that will help in treatment and counselling of their patients

Download or read book The Therapist s Notebook on Strengths and Solution Based Therapies written by Bob Bertolino and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Therapist's Notebook on Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies offers multiple pathways for those in helping relationships to employ strengths and solution-based (SSB) principles and practices as a vehicle for promoting positive change with individuals, couples, and families. The 100 exercises in this book are based on a series of core principles that are not only central to solution-based therapies; they have been demonstrated through research as essential to successful outcome. Readers will learn about processes and practices that are supported by research and are collaborative, competency-based, culturally sensitive, client-driven, outcome-informed, and change-oriented. The text is categorized into seven parts, each formatted similarly to ensure easy accessibility. Practitioners will find their therapy enhanced, with a greater ability to improve their clients' well-being, relationships, and social roles.

Download or read book HPV infection and cervical vagina and vulvar cancers written by Chengquan Zhao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is commonly detected in the pre-cancerous lesions and invasive cancers of female lower genital organs. Currently, over 200 HPV genotypes have been identified. With the knowledge of HPV in female genital tracts infection and carcinogenesis advanced, HPV testing has recently been recommended as one of the primary screening methods for cervical cancer prevention. However, understanding HPV at a systematic level is lacking and disconnected. For example, the development and evaluation of new HPV vaccines face challenges related to efficacy, safety, and scalability. Viral persistence mechanisms and immune interaction among HPV subtypes require in-depth molecular and cellular studies. Addressing the long-term effectiveness of vaccination is another challenge. How bridge the gap between research and health policy for translating scientific findings into actionable guidelines is also difficult. This Research Topic aims to offer a forum for discussing new discoveries on HPV carcinogenesis, viral interaction, immune interaction, immune balance and escape among HPV viral subtypes and with other viruses, immune intervention for HPV infections; as well as updated information on cervical cancer screening/prevention guideline, and clinical management. On the global scale, it is of particular interest under-addressed and different levels of HPV research that face key challenges including basic science research, translational research, epidemiological research, and implementation sciences. We welcome manuscripts focused on the most recent advances in HPV or HPV-related women's lower genital malignancies, in regard to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The subtopics include, but are not limited to the following: 1. HPV carcinogenesis, viral interaction, viral persistence, populational features of HPV infection (Review, Original Research, and Clinical Research). 2. Cervical and anal cancer screening/prevention by HPV testing, HPV self-testing, and HPV testing performance (Original Research). 3. Discoveries of HPV carcinogenesis, HPV genotyping, immune balance and escape among HPV viral subtypes and with other viruses, immune intervention for HPV infection in women (Original Research). 4. Advances and current status of HPV vaccine and performance of HPV vaccine worldwide (Review and Original Research). 5. Advances and updates in clinical management and guidelines in HPV-positive women (Review and Original Research). 6. Socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic features linked to HPV infections, female lower genital cancer development and prevention (Original Research). Please note: manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this section and will not be accepted as part of this Research Topic.

Download or read book Colorectal Cancer Screening An Issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics written by Douglas K. Rex and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-06-21 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with Consulting Editor, Dr. Charles Lightdale, Dr. Doug Rex has put together an issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics that provides state-of-the-art clinical coverage of colorectal screening. Expert authors from all over the world have contributed clinical reviews that will be a staple for all practicing endoscopists. The articles are devoted to the following topics: What is organized screening and what is its value; Screening decisions in the opportunistic setting; The National Colorectal Cancer Round Table: Past performance and current and future goals; Proven strategies for increasing screening adherence; Colorectal cancer in persons under age 50: Seeking causes and solutions; Risk stratification strategies: From logistic regression to artificial intelligence; Cost-effectiveness of current screening tests; Quality in colorectal cancer screening; Screening for the serrated pathway; FIT: The world's colorectal cancer screening test; Fecal DNA testing: What has it accomplished and where is it headed; Is bowel preparation without complete colon clearing a viable concept: Update on flexible sigmoidoscopy, CTC, and capsule colonoscopy; Evidenced based screening strategies for a positive family history; Aspirational ADR and ideal colonoscopy performance: How long can we go between colonoscopies; and How Artificial Intelligence will impact colonoscopy and colorectal cancer screening. Readers will come away with the clinical knowledge they need to improve outcomes in colon cancer screening and prevention.