Download or read book Fusion Plasma Diagnostics with mm Waves written by Hans-Jürgen Hartfuß and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a gap in the literature, this introduction to the topic covers the physics of the standard microwave diagnostics established on modern fusion experiments, and the necessary technological background from the field of microwave engineering. Written by well-known mm-wave diagnosticians in the field of fusion physics, the textbook includes such major diagnostic techniques as electron cyclotron emission, interferometry, reflectometry, polarimetry, and scattering.

Download or read book Fusion Plasma Diagnostics with Mm Waves written by H. J. Hartfuss and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an introduction to the propagation of EM waves in plasma, this book proceeds to discuss the analysis of plasmas using mm wavelength radiation, describing several experimental techniques frequently encountered in research.

Download or read book Millimeter wave Imaging Technology Advancements for Plasma Diagnostics Applications written by Xiangyu Kong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To realize fusion plant, the very first step is to understand the fundamental physics of materials under fusion conditions, i.e. to understand fusion plasmas. Our research group, Plasma Diagnostics Group, focuses on developing advanced tools for physicists to extract as much information as possible from fusion plasmas at millions degrees. The Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) diagnostics is a very useful tool invented in this group to study fusion plasma electron temperature and it fluctuations. This dissertation presents millimeter wave imaging technology advances recently developed in this group to improve the ECEI system. New technologies made it more powerful to image and visualize magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) activities and micro-turbulence in fusion plasmas.Topics of particular emphasis start from development of miniaturized elliptical substrate lens array. This novel substrate lens array replaces the previous generation substrate lens, hyper-hemispherical substrate lens, in terms of geometry. From the optical performance perspective, this substitution not only significantly simplifies the optical system with improved optical coupling, but also enhances the RF/LO coupling efficiency. By the benefit of the mini lens focusing properties, a wideband dual-dipole antenna array is carefully designed and developed. The new antenna array is optimized simultaneously for receiving both RF and LO, with sharp radiation patterns, low side-lobe levels, and less crosstalk between adjacent antennas. In addition, a high frequency antenna is also developed, which extends the frequency limit from 145 GHz to 220 GHz. This type of antenna will be used on high field operation tokamaks with toroidal fields in excess of 3 Tesla.Another important technology advance is so-called extended bandwidth double down-conversion electronics. This new electronics extends the instantaneous IF coverage from 2 to 9.2 GHz to 2 to 16.4 GHz. From the plasma point of view, it means that the instantaneous spatial coverage is doubled without compromising the spatial resolution. Other related technology advances, including frequency selective surfaces, beam splitters, ultra wideband baluns, pre-amplification scheme, are addressed in less detail. Finally, the Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) radiometer system on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is discussed.

Download or read book Plasma Diagnostics with Microwaves written by Mark A. Heald and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diagnostics for Fusion Experiments written by E. Sindoni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnostics for Fusion Experiments provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of plasma physics. This book presents the requirement in measuring electron and ion temperatures at the multi-key level. Organized into four parts encompassing 36 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the principles and methods by which analysis of the fast neutrals obtained by charge exchange in the plasma volume can be utilized to obtain the plasma ion temperature. This text then examines the use of active particle beam systems in plasma diagnostics. Other chapters consider the source function for production of fast neutrals in Tokamak plasma. This book discusses as well the special diagnostic needs of mirror machines, with focus on diagnostics involving the higher-power neutral beams used with them. The final chapter deals with the standard mirror fission-fusion hybrid, tandem mirror, and the field-reversed mirror. This book is a valuable resource for experimental physicists and research workers.

Download or read book Microwave Diagnostics for Magnetic Fusion Devices written by Liubing Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To tackle the energy shortage problems that we are facing, many scientists are trying to achieve controlled fusion to provide clean and sustainable energy. Many large Tokamaks, which is the most promising device concept, have been built worldwide and three of them (DIII-D, NSTX, C-Mod) are currently in operation in the U.S. To understand the details of magnetic fusion plasma physics, a variety of microwave diagnostics are applied to measure the plasma properties from the millions of degrees plasma in a nonperturbative fashion. Our research group, the Plasma Diagnostics Group, under the Davis MM-Wave Research Center (DMRC), focuses on developing advanced microwave diagnostic tools. The Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) diagnostic, a passive radiometric microwave diagnostic, is an extremely useful imaging tool invented in this group to study electron temperature and its fluctuations. The Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (MIR) technique is also another imaging tool pioneered in this group, and its purpose is to study electron density fluctuations using an imaging radar approach. Finally, the Far Infrared Tangential Interferometry/ Polarimetry (FIReTIP) system is a density and magnetic field diagnostic tool. This dissertation introduces the principles, structure, recent technology advances, and some physical studies concerning these three systems. The combined ECEI and MIR systems on the DIII-D (located at General Atomics in San Diego) provide simultaneous electron temperature and density fluctuation imaging at the same plasma volume. The ECEI system consists of two major parts: the optical and array system, which images and downconverts the millimeter wave ECE radiation, and the electronics, which detects the radiation power in each designed band. This dissertation concerns two recent upgrades made by our group: one is the use of the zero bias Schottky detectors in the IF electronics which has greatly decreased the noise level, and the other is the expanded radial coverage which doubles the radial view in the plasma. For the MIR system, the synthetic diagnostic modeling has guided the very successful optic and array design; some details concerning the transmitter, receiver, and electronics are presented. In this dissertation, several methods for the ECEI/MIR time calibration were conceived, applied, and compared; in addition, the ECEI and MIR systems are also time calibrated with respect to two other important diagnostics, the ECE radiometer and magnetic fluctuation diagnostic systems.Intense bursts of mm-wave emission with durations of 5-10 [mu]s have been observed on DIII-D by both ECE radiometer and ECEI systems during edge localized modes, Quiet H-mode (QH) modes, and the precursor before disruptions. Both the ECE radiometer system and the ECEI system employ heterodyne detection methods and have overlapping intermediate frequency (IF) bands. A new RF spectrometer, spanning this IF frequency range of approximately 2-10 GHz, has been installed on the DIII-D tokamak in order to more fully characterize the frequency, intensity, and localization of these bursts. Herein, the data for the H mode case and QH-mode case will be discussed and scrutinized in order to constrain the needed model to explain the bursts. As a trial model, the Cyclotron AutoResonance Maser (CARM) and Gyro-BWO models are proposed to explain these bursts, which require further theory, experimental, and simulation support. The multichannel FIReTIP system provides line-integrated plasma density and magnetic information from multiple viewing chords on the midplane of the NSTX device. Extremely wide bandwidth phase comparator electronics for the FIReTIP system were developed and installed on the NSTX device in 2009. This allows the system video bandwidth, previously limited to ~250 kHz, to extend out to ~500 kHz when operated as a simultaneous interferometer/polarimeter system and as high as 4 MHz when operated in an interferometry-only configuration. The new electronics provides simultaneous interferometer phase measurement data using two distinct phase comparator methods. The first is a digital fringe counter (FC) approach limited to a video bandwidth of ~500 kHz, while the second is an analog demodulator or in-phase and quadrature (IQ) approach that achieves the full 4 MHz video bandwidth. New algorithms have been developed to process the FIReTIP data for both regular (post-shot) and real-time density calculations, with reliability checks conducted using laser Thompson Scattering data where available.

Download or read book Advances in Fusion Plasma Millimeter Wave Imaging Systems written by Jiali Lai and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, growing energy requirements have placed severe stress on our current energy infrastructure and serious atmospheric problems caused by traditional fossil sources are attracting increasing attention throughout the world. Under these circumstances, fusion energy stands out as a promising solution to the energy problem. The tokamak is a torus shaped device that scientists have invented to duplicate the fusion process on stars for the earth. Due to the extremely high temperature necessary for the operation of this device, everything is ionized and becomes plasma, which makes the interior environment extremely complex thereby necessitating remote measurements with millimeter wave imaging of particular importance. Currently, there are two imaging systems under development at UC Davis: Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) and Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (MIR). Although they have already proven to be extremely successful, the current systems are still not fully optimized and improvements are desired. Three major improvements have resulted from the author's work in this dissertation.The first part originates in the author's Master's thesis on extending the bandwidth of the ECEI system. With the carefully designed multi-modules, the frequency coverage and therefore the horizontal plasma coverage of the system can be doubled. Further improvement of the low pass filter in the frequency extender is performed. A better design exhibits smaller size, lower insertion loss, and improved return loss and out-of-band rejection, compared to the previous design. The second improvement concerns an important component in an imaging system: the antennas. The current antennas are dual dipole antennas, which require baluns to convert their balanced output into unbalanced output, which introduces extra loss and noise. This is not desired, especially in ECEI systems since the blackbody radiation from the plasma is already weak and the noise temperature of the receiving system is extremely high. Newly designed slot dual dipole antennas with balanced output remove the necessity of the balun while maintaining the good antenna patterns and bandwidth of the current antennas. The final improvement concerns the realization of millimeter wave pre-amplification which will benefit both the ECEI and MIR systems. The down conversion occurs on mixer/antennas directly in the current systems, which causes extremely high noise temperature. Newly designed slot antennas integrated with flip chip low noise amplifiers and diodes form a new mixing system with pre-amplification which will significantly reduce the noise temperature. Measurement results verify a decrease of noise temperature from about 60,000 K for the current ECEI system to about 4,000 K, which will make the calibration of the ECEI system much easier. Furthermore, the LO power required for mixing is lowered with pre-amplification, which will potentially enable more channels for the MIR system since the total LO power is limited.

Download or read book Plasma Diagnostics written by Orlando Auciello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmas and their interaction with materials have become subjects of major interest because of their importance in modern forefront technologies such as microelectronics, fusion energy, and space. Plasmas are used in microelectronics to process semiconductors (etching of patterns for microcircuits, plasma-induced deposition of thin films, etc.); plasmas produce deleterious erosion effects on surfaces of materials used for fusion devices and spaceships exposed to the low earth environment.Diagnostics of plasmas and materials exposed to them are fundamental to the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena involved. Plasma Diagnostics provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject.short version, TJE_Plasmas and their interaction with materials have become subjects of major interest because of their importance in modern forefront technologies such as microelectronics, fusion energy, and space. Diagnostics of plasmas and materials exposed to them are fundamental to the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena involved. Plasma Diagnostics provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject.

Download or read book Recent Advancements in Microwave Imaging Plasma Diagnostics written by Hyeon Keo Park and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Topics in Plasma Diagnostics written by I. Podgornyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is essentially a qualitative survey of modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas, with particular orientation toward laboratory plasmas of interest in connection with research in controlled thermonuclear fusion. Among the broad topics considered are probe diagnostics, optical methods (including the use of lasers and holography), microwave diagnostics, and diagnostics with particle beams. Having infor mation on these methods available in compact form and in one place, as is the case in the present volume, should make it pos sible to evaluate different diagnostic approaches to specific prob lems. The volume will be useful as an introduction for advanced students making their first contact with experimental plasma physics and for physicists and engineers who are entering the field and desire a rapid survey of principles and modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas. v Foreword to the American Edition The material in this book is based on lectures given at Mos cow State University. It is intended to acquaint the reader with the basic aspects of plasma diagnostics and contains information re quired for the experimental physicist who wishes to carry out straightforward measurements of laboratory plasmas. It will be evident that in choosing the material we have been guided pri marily by the scientific interests of the author, and the great bulk of the material is based on work carried out in the USSR.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History of Wireless written by T. K. Sarkar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-01-30 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Important new insights into how various components and systems evolved Premised on the idea that one cannot know a science without knowing its history, History of Wireless offers a lively new treatment that introduces previously unacknowledged pioneers and developments, setting a new standard for understanding the evolution of this important technology. Starting with the background-magnetism, electricity, light, and Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory-this book offers new insights into the initial theory and experimental exploration of wireless. In addition to the well-known contributions of Maxwell, Hertz, and Marconi, it examines work done by Heaviside, Tesla, and passionate amateurs such as the Kentucky melon farmer Nathan Stubblefield and the unsung hero Antonio Meucci. Looking at the story from mathematical, physics, technical, and other perspectives, the clearly written text describes the development of wireless within a vivid scientific milieu. History of Wireless also goes into other key areas, including: The work of J. C. Bose and J. A. Fleming German, Japanese, and Soviet contributions to physics and applications of electromagnetic oscillations and waves Wireless telegraphic and telephonic development and attempts to achieve transatlantic wireless communications Wireless telegraphy in South Africa in the early twentieth century Antenna development in Japan: past and present Soviet quasi-optics at near-mm and sub-mm wavelengths The evolution of electromagnetic waveguides The history of phased array antennas Augmenting the typical, Marconi-centered approach, History of Wireless fills in the conventionally accepted story with attention to more specific, less-known discoveries and individuals, and challenges traditional assumptions about the origins and growth of wireless. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how various components and systems evolved. Written in a clear tone with a broad scientific audience in mind, this exciting and thorough treatment is sure to become a classic in the field.

Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Emission And Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Ec 16 Proceedings Of The 16th Joint Workshop With Cd rom written by Ronald Prater and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-02-21 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume, the sixteenth in a biannual series, presents a snapshot of the state of current research worldwide on Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and related technologies. The papers address the physics, both theory and experiment, of ECE and ECRH. The technologies of high power millimeter-wave sources — gyrotrons — and transmission lines and launchers are included. The focus is on physics and technology relevant to the research and development of nuclear fusion.

Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating EC 16 written by Ronald Prater and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume, the sixteenth in a biannual series, presents a snapshot of the state of current research worldwide on Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and related technologies. The papers address the physics, both theory and experiment, of ECE and ECRH. The technologies of high power millimeter-wave sources ? gyrotrons ? and transmission lines and launchers are included. The focus is on physics and technology relevant to the research and development of nuclear fusion.

Download or read book Topics in Millimeter Wave Technology written by Kenneth J Button and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in Millimeter Wave Technology is a compendium of papers dealing with plasma waves, TUNNETT diodes, and solid-state devices. One paper describes the application of the TUNNET diode, a semiconductor with a coherent signal source of over 100 GHz to 1000 GHz. The paper notes the possibility of achieving more than 1000 GHz through sophisticated device fabrication technology. Another paper discusses the use of computer-aided testing of superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junction whose mixing properties are effected by the ski-sloped shape of the current-voltage curve. Such testing methods are useful at fixed or variable temperatures from 15 K to 300 K. One paper reviews the collective Thomson scattering theory, including the application of the multichannel far-infrared scattering system in the basic tokamak plasma physics. Another paper discusses the static induction transistor for very high frequency operation as the millimeter to submillimeter wave region is the ideal static induction transistor in ballistic devices. This review material can be helpful for nuclear scientists, nuclear engineers, students of physics, and researchers involved in plasma physics and semiconductor technology.

Download or read book International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plasma Diagnostics written by Orlando Auciello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Diagnostics, Volume 1: Discharge Parameters and Chemistry covers seven chapters on the important diagnostic techniques for plasmas and details their use in particular applications. The book discusses optical diagnostic techniques for low pressure plasmas and plasma processing; plasma diagnostics for electrical discharge light sources; as well as Langmuir probes. The text also describes the mass spectroscopy of plasmas, microwave diagnostics, paramagnetic resonance diagnostics, and diagnostics in thermal plasma processing. Electrical engineers, nuclear engineers, microwave engineers, chemists, and technical personnel in universities, industry, and national laboratories will find the book invaluable.